See gawiss in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for gawiss meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.9kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Old Saxon: giwisso; Middle Low German",
"word": "gewisse"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġewiss"
},
"expansion": "Old English: ġewiss, ġewis\nMiddle English: ywis, iwis, wis, wiss\nEnglish: iwis, wis\nScots: iwis",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: ġewiss, ġewis\nMiddle English: ywis, iwis, wis, wiss\nEnglish: iwis, wis\nScots: iwis"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "giwis",
"3": "giwiss"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: giwis, giwiss",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: giwis, giwiss"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "gewis"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: gewis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: gewis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "gewiss"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: gewiss",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: gewiss"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "gwës",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kashubian: gwës",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kashubian: gwës"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "gwësny",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Kashubian: gwësny",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Kashubian: gwësny"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gweśny",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: gweśny",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from German"
},
"expansion": "(or from German)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: gweśny (or from German)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*giwiss"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *giwiss",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *giwiss"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gewis",
"3": "gewes"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: gewis, gewes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: gewis, gewes"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gewis"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: gewis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: gewis"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "giwis"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: giwis\nMiddle High German: gewis; wis\nGerman: gewiss\n→ Saterland Frisian: gewis\nYiddish: געוויס (gevis)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: giwis\nMiddle High German: gewis; wis\nGerman: gewiss\n→ Saterland Frisian: gewis\nYiddish: געוויס (gevis)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gawissaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gawissaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *gawissaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gawiss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gawiss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissanā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gawiss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gawisseʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gawisseʀē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gawisseʀu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawisseʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawisseʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawisseʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*gawiss",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gawiss",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "60 40",
"sense": "*gawissō; Old Dutch",
"word": "gewisso"
}
],
"glosses": [
"certain, sure"
],
"id": "en-gawiss-gmw-pro-adj-j-YDEUcB",
"links": [
[
"certain",
"certain"
],
[
"sure",
"sure"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"known"
],
"id": "en-gawiss-gmw-pro-adj-cRf~8tD9",
"links": [
[
"known",
"known"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gawiss"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic a-stem adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Old Saxon: giwisso; Middle Low German",
"word": "gewisse"
},
{
"sense": "*gawissō; Old Dutch",
"word": "gewisso"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġewiss"
},
"expansion": "Old English: ġewiss, ġewis\nMiddle English: ywis, iwis, wis, wiss\nEnglish: iwis, wis\nScots: iwis",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: ġewiss, ġewis\nMiddle English: ywis, iwis, wis, wiss\nEnglish: iwis, wis\nScots: iwis"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "giwis",
"3": "giwiss"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: giwis, giwiss",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: giwis, giwiss"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "gewis"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: gewis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: gewis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "gewiss"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: gewiss",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: gewiss"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "gwës",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kashubian: gwës",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kashubian: gwës"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "gwësny",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Kashubian: gwësny",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Kashubian: gwësny"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gweśny",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: gweśny",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from German"
},
"expansion": "(or from German)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: gweśny (or from German)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*giwiss"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *giwiss",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *giwiss"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gewis",
"3": "gewes"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: gewis, gewes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: gewis, gewes"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gewis"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: gewis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: gewis"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "giwis"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: giwis\nMiddle High German: gewis; wis\nGerman: gewiss\n→ Saterland Frisian: gewis\nYiddish: געוויס (gevis)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: giwis\nMiddle High German: gewis; wis\nGerman: gewiss\n→ Saterland Frisian: gewis\nYiddish: געוויס (gevis)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gawissaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gawissaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *gawissaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gawiss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gawiss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissanā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gawiss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gawisseʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gawisseʀē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gawisseʀu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawisseʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawisseʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawisseʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gawissum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*gawiss",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gawiss",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"certain, sure"
],
"links": [
[
"certain",
"certain"
],
[
"sure",
"sure"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Knowledge"
],
"glosses": [
"known"
],
"links": [
[
"known",
"known"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gawiss"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (46b31b8 and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.