See elm in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "elm",
"3": "*ulm",
"g2": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old English: elm, *ulm m\nMiddle English: elm, alme, elme, helm, ulme\nEnglish: elm (dialectal ellum)\nScots: elm",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: elm, *ulm m\nMiddle English: elm, alme, elme, helm, ulme\nEnglish: elm (dialectal ellum)\nScots: elm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ulmtrēow",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old English: ulmtrēow",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old English: ulmtrēow"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ulm tree",
"3": "elme-tre",
"4": "elmetree"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: ulm tree, elme-tre, elmetree",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: ulm tree, elme-tre, elmetree"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "elmtree"
},
"expansion": "English: elmtree",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: elmtree"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "elm",
"3": "alm",
"g2": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: elm, alm m",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "alm in placenames"
},
"expansion": "(alm in placenames)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: elm, alm m (alm in placenames)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "elme",
"3": "elm",
"4": "olm",
"g3": "m"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: elme, elm, olm m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: elme, elm, olm m"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Elm",
"3": "Ölm",
"4": "Ilm",
"5": "Ülm"
},
"expansion": "Low German: Elm, Ölm, Ilm, Ülm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: Elm, Ölm, Ilm, Ülm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*olm",
"3": "alma",
"4": "alme-",
"5": "elme-",
"6": "helme-",
"g1": "m",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *olm m, alma f, alme-, elme-, helme-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "in placenames"
},
"expansion": "(in placenames)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *olm m, alma f, alme-, elme-, helme- (in placenames)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "olm",
"3": "*alm",
"4": "olme",
"g2": "m",
"g3": "f"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: olm, *alm m, olme f",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "olme"
},
"expansion": "Old French olme",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "conflated with Old French <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"fro\">olme</i>?"
},
"expansion": "(conflated with Old French olme?)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: olm, *alm m, olme f (conflated with Old French olme?)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "olm",
"3": "alm",
"g2": "m"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: olm, alm m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: olm, alm m"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "elm",
"3": "ilme",
"4": "elmo",
"g3": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: elm, ilme, elmo m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: elm, ilme, elmo m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "ëlm",
"3": "ëlme",
"4": "elmene",
"5": "ilm",
"6": "ilme",
"7": "ilmene",
"g6": "f"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: ëlm, ëlme, elmene, ilm, ilme, ilmene f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: ëlm, ëlme, elmene, ilm, ilme, ilmene f"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "Elme",
"3": "Ilme",
"4": "Olme"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: Elme, Ilme, Olme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: Elme, Ilme, Olme"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "ilmboum",
"3": "ilmpoum",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle High German: ilmboum, ilmpoum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle High German: ilmboum, ilmpoum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ulm",
"g": "m",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Old High German: ulm m",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ulmus"
},
"expansion": "Latin ulmus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "native or borrowed from Latin <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">ulmus</i>?"
},
"expansion": "(native or borrowed from Latin ulmus?)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": ">? Old High German: ulm m (native or borrowed from Latin ulmus?)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "ulme",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: ulme f",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "new borrowing from Latin, or back-formation from ulmboum and influenced by Latin?"
},
"expansion": "(new borrowing from Latin, or back-formation from ulmboum and influenced by Latin?)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: ulme f (new borrowing from Latin, or back-formation from ulmboum and influenced by Latin?)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Ulme",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "German: Ulme f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Ulme f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ulmboum",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old High German: ulmboum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old High German: ulmboum"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "ulmboum",
"3": "ulmpoum"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: ulmboum, ulmpoum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: ulmboum, ulmpoum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*elmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *elmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *elmaz ~ *ilmis, *ulmis. Alternative form *olm derives from the zero-grade, and/or from Latin cognate ulmus (“elm”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "elm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "elmō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "elmōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "elm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "elmā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "elmas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "elmō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "elmē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "elmum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "elmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "elmum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*elm m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/elm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 14 9 22 32 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"elm tree"
],
"id": "en-elm-gmw-pro-noun-YcVYv~DS",
"links": [
[
"elm",
"elm"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"wood from an elm tree"
],
"id": "en-elm-gmw-pro-noun-R9vnFo2m",
"links": [
[
"wood",
"wood"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "elm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine a-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms borrowed from Latin",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Latin",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "elm",
"3": "*ulm",
"g2": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old English: elm, *ulm m\nMiddle English: elm, alme, elme, helm, ulme\nEnglish: elm (dialectal ellum)\nScots: elm",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: elm, *ulm m\nMiddle English: elm, alme, elme, helm, ulme\nEnglish: elm (dialectal ellum)\nScots: elm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ulmtrēow",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old English: ulmtrēow",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old English: ulmtrēow"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ulm tree",
"3": "elme-tre",
"4": "elmetree"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: ulm tree, elme-tre, elmetree",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: ulm tree, elme-tre, elmetree"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "elmtree"
},
"expansion": "English: elmtree",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: elmtree"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "elm",
"3": "alm",
"g2": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: elm, alm m",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "alm in placenames"
},
"expansion": "(alm in placenames)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: elm, alm m (alm in placenames)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "elme",
"3": "elm",
"4": "olm",
"g3": "m"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: elme, elm, olm m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: elme, elm, olm m"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Elm",
"3": "Ölm",
"4": "Ilm",
"5": "Ülm"
},
"expansion": "Low German: Elm, Ölm, Ilm, Ülm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: Elm, Ölm, Ilm, Ülm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*olm",
"3": "alma",
"4": "alme-",
"5": "elme-",
"6": "helme-",
"g1": "m",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *olm m, alma f, alme-, elme-, helme-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "in placenames"
},
"expansion": "(in placenames)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *olm m, alma f, alme-, elme-, helme- (in placenames)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "olm",
"3": "*alm",
"4": "olme",
"g2": "m",
"g3": "f"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: olm, *alm m, olme f",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "olme"
},
"expansion": "Old French olme",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "conflated with Old French <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"fro\">olme</i>?"
},
"expansion": "(conflated with Old French olme?)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: olm, *alm m, olme f (conflated with Old French olme?)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "olm",
"3": "alm",
"g2": "m"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: olm, alm m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: olm, alm m"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "elm",
"3": "ilme",
"4": "elmo",
"g3": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: elm, ilme, elmo m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: elm, ilme, elmo m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "ëlm",
"3": "ëlme",
"4": "elmene",
"5": "ilm",
"6": "ilme",
"7": "ilmene",
"g6": "f"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: ëlm, ëlme, elmene, ilm, ilme, ilmene f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: ëlm, ëlme, elmene, ilm, ilme, ilmene f"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "Elme",
"3": "Ilme",
"4": "Olme"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: Elme, Ilme, Olme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: Elme, Ilme, Olme"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "ilmboum",
"3": "ilmpoum",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle High German: ilmboum, ilmpoum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle High German: ilmboum, ilmpoum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ulm",
"g": "m",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Old High German: ulm m",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ulmus"
},
"expansion": "Latin ulmus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "native or borrowed from Latin <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">ulmus</i>?"
},
"expansion": "(native or borrowed from Latin ulmus?)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": ">? Old High German: ulm m (native or borrowed from Latin ulmus?)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "ulme",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: ulme f",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "new borrowing from Latin, or back-formation from ulmboum and influenced by Latin?"
},
"expansion": "(new borrowing from Latin, or back-formation from ulmboum and influenced by Latin?)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: ulme f (new borrowing from Latin, or back-formation from ulmboum and influenced by Latin?)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Ulme",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "German: Ulme f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Ulme f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ulmboum",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old High German: ulmboum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old High German: ulmboum"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "ulmboum",
"3": "ulmpoum"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: ulmboum, ulmpoum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: ulmboum, ulmpoum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*elmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *elmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *elmaz ~ *ilmis, *ulmis. Alternative form *olm derives from the zero-grade, and/or from Latin cognate ulmus (“elm”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "elm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "elmō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "elmōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "elm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "elmā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "elmas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "elmō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "elmē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "elmum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "elmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "elmum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*elm m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/elm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Rosales order plants",
"gmw-pro:Trees"
],
"glosses": [
"elm tree"
],
"links": [
[
"elm",
"elm"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Woods"
],
"glosses": [
"wood from an elm tree"
],
"links": [
[
"wood",
"wood"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "elm"
}
Download raw JSONL data for elm meaning in Proto-West Germanic (7.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.