See dung in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for dung meaning in Proto-West Germanic (3.4kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "dung",
"id": "dungeon"
},
"expansion": "Old English: dung, ding\nMiddle English: donge, dung, dunge\nMiddle English: dongeoun (partly)\nEnglish: dungeon, donjon\nScots: dungeon",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: dung, ding\nMiddle English: donge, dung, dunge\nMiddle English: dongeoun (partly)\nEnglish: dungeon, donjon\nScots: dungeon"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "dung"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: dung\nMiddle Low German: dunk, dunc",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: dung\nMiddle Low German: dunk, dunc"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "tung"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: tung, tunc\nMiddle High German: tunc\nGerman: Tunk",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: tung, tunc\nMiddle High German: tunc\nGerman: Tunk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰengʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dungz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dungz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dʰéngʰ-s ~ *dʰn̥gʰ-és"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰéngʰ-s ~ *dʰn̥gʰ-és",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰengʰ-",
"3": "*-s",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "to cover, hide, conceal"
},
"expansion": "*dʰengʰ- (“to cover, hide, conceal”) + *-s",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *dungz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéngʰ-s ~ *dʰn̥gʰ-és, from *dʰengʰ- (“to cover, hide, conceal”) + *-s.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-cons",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dung",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dungi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dungi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dungi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*dung f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-cons"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dung",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "depression, dell",
"sense": "Middle English: dingle",
"tags": [
"English"
],
"word": "dingle"
},
{
"english": "hollow tooth, cavity",
"sense": "Old Frisian: *dengel, *dongel",
"word": "Dongel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cellar"
],
"id": "en-dung-gmw-pro-noun-ycjrj6nR",
"links": [
[
"cellar",
"cellar"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "dung"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "depression, dell",
"sense": "Middle English: dingle",
"tags": [
"English"
],
"word": "dingle"
},
{
"english": "hollow tooth, cavity",
"sense": "Old Frisian: *dengel, *dongel",
"word": "Dongel"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "dung",
"id": "dungeon"
},
"expansion": "Old English: dung, ding\nMiddle English: donge, dung, dunge\nMiddle English: dongeoun (partly)\nEnglish: dungeon, donjon\nScots: dungeon",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: dung, ding\nMiddle English: donge, dung, dunge\nMiddle English: dongeoun (partly)\nEnglish: dungeon, donjon\nScots: dungeon"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "dung"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: dung\nMiddle Low German: dunk, dunc",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: dung\nMiddle Low German: dunk, dunc"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "tung"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: tung, tunc\nMiddle High German: tunc\nGerman: Tunk",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: tung, tunc\nMiddle High German: tunc\nGerman: Tunk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰengʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dungz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dungz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dʰéngʰ-s ~ *dʰn̥gʰ-és"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰéngʰ-s ~ *dʰn̥gʰ-és",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰengʰ-",
"3": "*-s",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "to cover, hide, conceal"
},
"expansion": "*dʰengʰ- (“to cover, hide, conceal”) + *-s",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *dungz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéngʰ-s ~ *dʰn̥gʰ-és, from *dʰengʰ- (“to cover, hide, conceal”) + *-s.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-cons",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dung",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dungi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dungi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dungi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*dung f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-cons"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dung",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic consonant stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰengʰ-",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"gmw-pro:Rooms"
],
"glosses": [
"cellar"
],
"links": [
[
"cellar",
"cellar"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "dung"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (46b31b8 and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.