See derk in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for derk meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dirkinōn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "derkōn"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "deorc"
},
"expansion": "Old English: deorc, dearc\nMiddle English: derk, dearc, dork, durk\nEnglish: dark\nScots: derk\nYola: dhourk, durk",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: deorc, dearc\nMiddle English: derk, dearc, dork, durk\nEnglish: dark\nScots: derk\nYola: dhourk, durk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*tarch",
"3": "*terch",
"4": "*terk",
"5": "*derk"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *tarch, *terch, *terk, *derk",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "in derivatives"
},
"expansion": "(in derivatives)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *tarch, *terch, *terk, *derk (in derivatives)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*derkaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *derkaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dʰerg-o-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰerg-o-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰerg-",
"t": "to dim, darken"
},
"expansion": "*dʰerg- (“to dim, darken”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "tärkär"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A tärkär",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "tarkär",
"t": "cloud"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B tarkär (“cloud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "derg",
"t": "red"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish derg (“red”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*dárˀgāˀ",
"t": "bad weather"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *dárˀgāˀ (“bad weather”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Germanic *derkaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerg-o-s, from *dʰerg- (“to dim, darken”). Perhaps cognate with Tocharian A tärkär, Tocharian B tarkär (“cloud”), Old Irish derg (“red”), and possibly Proto-Balto-Slavic *dárˀgāˀ (“bad weather”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "derk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "derku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "derk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "derkanā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "derkā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "derk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "derkas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "derkeʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "derkas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "derkumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "derkeʀē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "derkumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "derku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "derkeʀu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "derku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "derkē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*derk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/derk",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dirty"
],
"id": "en-derk-gmw-pro-adj-0MksdkxW",
"links": [
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dark"
],
"id": "en-derk-gmw-pro-adj-5rtWib7s",
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "derk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic a-stem adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dirkinōn"
},
{
"word": "derkōn"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "deorc"
},
"expansion": "Old English: deorc, dearc\nMiddle English: derk, dearc, dork, durk\nEnglish: dark\nScots: derk\nYola: dhourk, durk",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: deorc, dearc\nMiddle English: derk, dearc, dork, durk\nEnglish: dark\nScots: derk\nYola: dhourk, durk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*tarch",
"3": "*terch",
"4": "*terk",
"5": "*derk"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *tarch, *terch, *terk, *derk",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "in derivatives"
},
"expansion": "(in derivatives)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *tarch, *terch, *terk, *derk (in derivatives)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*derkaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *derkaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dʰerg-o-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰerg-o-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰerg-",
"t": "to dim, darken"
},
"expansion": "*dʰerg- (“to dim, darken”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "tärkär"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A tärkär",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "tarkär",
"t": "cloud"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B tarkär (“cloud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "derg",
"t": "red"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish derg (“red”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*dárˀgāˀ",
"t": "bad weather"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *dárˀgāˀ (“bad weather”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Germanic *derkaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerg-o-s, from *dʰerg- (“to dim, darken”). Perhaps cognate with Tocharian A tärkär, Tocharian B tarkär (“cloud”), Old Irish derg (“red”), and possibly Proto-Balto-Slavic *dárˀgāˀ (“bad weather”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "derk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "derku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "derk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "derkanā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "derkā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "derk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "derkas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "derkeʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "derkas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "derkumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "derkeʀē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "derkumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "derku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "derkeʀu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "derku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "derkē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*derk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/derk",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Hygiene"
],
"glosses": [
"dirty"
],
"links": [
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Darkness"
],
"glosses": [
"dark"
],
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "derk"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e268c0e and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.