See darnijan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "diernan",
"3": "dyrnan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: diernan, dyrnan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: diernan, dyrnan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "dærnen",
"3": "dernen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: dærnen, dernen",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*dearnian"
},
"expansion": "Old English *dearnian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "merged with descendant of Old English <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ang\">*dearnian</i>"
},
"expansion": "(merged with descendant of Old English *dearnian)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: dærnen, dernen (merged with descendant of Old English *dearnian)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "darn",
"3": "dern"
},
"expansion": "English: darn, dern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: darn, dern"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "dern",
"3": "darn"
},
"expansion": "Scots: dern, darn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: dern, darn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "dernian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: dernian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: dernian"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*dernen"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *dernen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *dernen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "dernen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: dernen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: dernen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "tarnen",
"3": "*ternen"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: tarnen, *ternen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: tarnen, *ternen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "ternen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: ternen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: ternen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "ternir",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: ternir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: ternir"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "ternir"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: ternir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: ternir"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ternir"
},
"expansion": "French: ternir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: ternir"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ternysshen",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: ternysshen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: ternysshen"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tarnish"
},
"expansion": "English: tarnish",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: tarnish"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*darnī",
"3": "*-jan",
"id1": "hidden",
"id2": "factitive",
"t1": "hidden"
},
"expansion": "*darnī (“hidden”) + *-jan",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *darnī (“hidden”) + *-jan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"genitive",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"dative",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"instrumental",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnisi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darniþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darniþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijanþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darniþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"past",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*darnijan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/darnijan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (factitive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Old English: bediernan",
"tags": [
"English",
"Middle"
],
"word": "bidernen"
},
{
"sense": "*bidarnijan; Old Saxon",
"word": "bidernian"
},
{
"sense": "*bidarnijan; Old High German",
"word": "bitarnen"
},
{
"sense": "*darnīngō",
"word": "⇒ Old High German: tarningon"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to hide, conceal"
],
"id": "en-darnijan-gmw-pro-verb-~pB29C4d",
"links": [
[
"hide",
"hide"
],
[
"conceal",
"conceal"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "magic hood, skullcap",
"sense": "*darn",
"word": "⇒ Old Saxon: darnhōd"
},
{
"word": "darnī"
},
{
"sense": "*darnō; Old Saxon",
"word": "darno"
},
{
"sense": "*darnōn",
"word": "Old English: *dearnianMiddle English: dærnen"
},
{
"english": "merged with descendant of Old English diernan",
"sense": "*darnōn",
"word": "dernenEnglish: darnScots: dern"
},
{
"sense": "*darnōn",
"word": "darn"
},
{
"sense": "→ German: tarnen",
"word": "→ Low German: tarnen"
},
{
"sense": "→ German: tarnen",
"word": "→ Luxembourgish: tarnen"
},
{
"sense": "Old High German: *tarnōn",
"word": "⇒ Old High German: bitarnōn"
},
{
"sense": "*darnungō",
"tags": [
"Old-English"
],
"word": "dearnunga"
},
{
"sense": "*darnungō; Old Saxon",
"word": "darnungo"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "darnijan"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Old English: bediernan",
"tags": [
"English",
"Middle"
],
"word": "bidernen"
},
{
"sense": "*bidarnijan; Old Saxon",
"word": "bidernian"
},
{
"sense": "*bidarnijan; Old High German",
"word": "bitarnen"
},
{
"sense": "*darnīngō",
"word": "⇒ Old High German: tarningon"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "diernan",
"3": "dyrnan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: diernan, dyrnan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: diernan, dyrnan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "dærnen",
"3": "dernen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: dærnen, dernen",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*dearnian"
},
"expansion": "Old English *dearnian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "merged with descendant of Old English <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ang\">*dearnian</i>"
},
"expansion": "(merged with descendant of Old English *dearnian)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: dærnen, dernen (merged with descendant of Old English *dearnian)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "darn",
"3": "dern"
},
"expansion": "English: darn, dern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: darn, dern"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "dern",
"3": "darn"
},
"expansion": "Scots: dern, darn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: dern, darn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "dernian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: dernian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: dernian"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*dernen"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *dernen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *dernen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "dernen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: dernen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: dernen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "tarnen",
"3": "*ternen"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: tarnen, *ternen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: tarnen, *ternen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "ternen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: ternen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: ternen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "ternir",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: ternir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: ternir"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "ternir"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: ternir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: ternir"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ternir"
},
"expansion": "French: ternir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: ternir"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ternysshen",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: ternysshen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: ternysshen"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tarnish"
},
"expansion": "English: tarnish",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: tarnish"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*darnī",
"3": "*-jan",
"id1": "hidden",
"id2": "factitive",
"t1": "hidden"
},
"expansion": "*darnī (“hidden”) + *-jan",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *darnī (“hidden”) + *-jan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"genitive",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"dative",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"instrumental",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnisi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darniþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darniþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijanþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darniþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"past",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*darnijan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/darnijan",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"english": "magic hood, skullcap",
"sense": "*darn",
"word": "⇒ Old Saxon: darnhōd"
},
{
"word": "darnī"
},
{
"sense": "*darnō; Old Saxon",
"word": "darno"
},
{
"sense": "*darnōn",
"word": "Old English: *dearnianMiddle English: dærnen"
},
{
"english": "merged with descendant of Old English diernan",
"sense": "*darnōn",
"word": "dernenEnglish: darnScots: dern"
},
{
"sense": "*darnōn",
"word": "darn"
},
{
"sense": "→ German: tarnen",
"word": "→ Low German: tarnen"
},
{
"sense": "→ German: tarnen",
"word": "→ Luxembourgish: tarnen"
},
{
"sense": "Old High German: *tarnōn",
"word": "⇒ Old High German: bitarnōn"
},
{
"sense": "*darnungō",
"tags": [
"Old-English"
],
"word": "dearnunga"
},
{
"sense": "*darnungō; Old Saxon",
"word": "darnungo"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (factitive)",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs",
"gmw-pro:Secrecy"
],
"glosses": [
"to hide, conceal"
],
"links": [
[
"hide",
"hide"
],
[
"conceal",
"conceal"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "darnijan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for darnijan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (8.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.