See beugan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "būgan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: būgan\nMiddle English: bowen, bouȝen, buȝen, bouwen, buwen, bowe\nEnglish: (to) bow\nScots: (to) boo",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: būgan\nMiddle English: bowen, bouȝen, buȝen, bouwen, buwen, bowe\nEnglish: (to) bow\nScots: (to) boo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "būgan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: būgan\nMiddle Low German: būgen\nLow German: bugen",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: būgan\nMiddle Low German: būgen\nLow German: bugen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*būgan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *būgan\nMiddle Dutch: bugen\nDutch: buigen\nLimburgish: buge",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *būgan\nMiddle Dutch: bugen\nDutch: buigen\nLimburgish: buge"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "biogan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: biogan\nMiddle High German: biegen\nGerman: biegen\nLuxembourgish: béien",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: biogan\nMiddle High German: biegen\nGerman: biegen\nLuxembourgish: béien"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*beuganą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beuganą",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *beuganą.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "beugan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "beugannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "beugannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "beugannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "beugu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "baug",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biugiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bugī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biugidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "baug",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "beugum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bugum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "biugid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bugud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "beugand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bugun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "beugē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bugī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "beugēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "beugē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bugī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "beugēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bugīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "beugēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bugīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "beugēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bugīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biug",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biugid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "beugandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bogan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*beugan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/beugan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to bend, become bent"
],
"id": "en-beugan-gmw-pro-verb-Cm-YhpnJ",
"links": [
[
"bend",
"bend"
],
[
"bent",
"bent"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "baugijan"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "beugan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "būgan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: būgan\nMiddle English: bowen, bouȝen, buȝen, bouwen, buwen, bowe\nEnglish: (to) bow\nScots: (to) boo",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: būgan\nMiddle English: bowen, bouȝen, buȝen, bouwen, buwen, bowe\nEnglish: (to) bow\nScots: (to) boo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "būgan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: būgan\nMiddle Low German: būgen\nLow German: bugen",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: būgan\nMiddle Low German: būgen\nLow German: bugen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*būgan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *būgan\nMiddle Dutch: bugen\nDutch: buigen\nLimburgish: buge",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *būgan\nMiddle Dutch: bugen\nDutch: buigen\nLimburgish: buge"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "biogan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: biogan\nMiddle High German: biegen\nGerman: biegen\nLuxembourgish: béien",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: biogan\nMiddle High German: biegen\nGerman: biegen\nLuxembourgish: béien"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*beuganą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beuganą",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *beuganą.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "beugan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "beugannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "beugannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "beugannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "beugu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "baug",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biugiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bugī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biugidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "baug",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "beugum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bugum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "biugid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bugud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "beugand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bugun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "beugē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bugī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "beugēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "beugē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bugī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "beugēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bugīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "beugēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bugīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "beugēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bugīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biug",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biugid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "beugandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bogan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*beugan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/beugan",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "baugijan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 2 strong verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to bend, become bent"
],
"links": [
[
"bend",
"bend"
],
[
"bent",
"bent"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "beugan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for beugan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (4.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (51d164f and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.