See -ī in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-u"
},
"expansion": "Old English: -u",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: -u (even after long syllables, e.g. ieldu, brǣdu)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -e"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: -e"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: -e"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: -e"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "-i"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: -i",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: -i"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: -e"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*-i"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *-i",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *-i"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: -e"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: -e"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-ī"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: -ī",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: -ī"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: -e"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "German: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: -e"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "gem-pro>*-į̄>adjective suffix",
"id": "adjective suffix"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-į̄"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-į̄",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-į̄.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-in",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "īn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-īn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-īn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-īn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-īn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*-ī f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-in"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ī",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ness, -th. Forms abstract nouns from adjectives which represent the state, quality or measure of the adjective."
],
"id": "en--ī-gmw-pro-suffix-gmw_pro:abstract_noun",
"links": [
[
"-ness",
"-ness"
],
[
"-th",
"-th"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gmw-pro:abstract noun"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ī"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-jaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-jaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-jaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijanā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijeʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijeʀē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijeʀu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ī",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ī",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms adjectives from verbs and nouns."
],
"id": "en--ī-gmw-pro-suffix-gmw_pro:abstract_noun1",
"senseid": [
"gmw-pro:abstract noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ī"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic adjective-forming suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic feminine suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic ja-stem adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic īn-stem nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-u"
},
"expansion": "Old English: -u",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: -u (even after long syllables, e.g. ieldu, brǣdu)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -e"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: -e"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: -e"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: -e"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "-i"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: -i",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: -i"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: -e"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*-i"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *-i",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *-i"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: -e"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: -e"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-ī"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: -ī",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: -ī"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: -e"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "German: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: -e"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "gem-pro>*-į̄>adjective suffix",
"id": "adjective suffix"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-į̄"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-į̄",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-į̄.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-in",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "īn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-īn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-īn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-īn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-īn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*-ī f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-in"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ī",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"-ness, -th. Forms abstract nouns from adjectives which represent the state, quality or measure of the adjective."
],
"links": [
[
"-ness",
"-ness"
],
[
"-th",
"-th"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gmw-pro:abstract noun"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ī"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic adjective-forming suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic ja-stem adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-jaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-jaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-jaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijanā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijeʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijeʀē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijeʀu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ī",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ī",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms adjectives from verbs and nouns."
],
"senseid": [
"gmw-pro:abstract noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ī"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ī meaning in Proto-West Germanic (8.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.