See þewernā in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for þewernā meaning in Proto-West Germanic (5.6kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "thiorna"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: thiorna\nMiddle Low German: dêrne\nGerman Low German: Deern\n→ German: Deern\n→ Old Norse: þerna\nIcelandic: þerna\nFaroese: terna\nNorwegian:\nNorwegian Bokmål: terne m or f\nNorwegian Nynorsk: terne f\nOld Swedish: thærna\nSwedish: tärna c\nDanish: tærne\n→? Middle English: therne, thierne, tharne, tarne\n>? English: tern, tarn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: thiorna\nMiddle Low German: dêrne\nGerman Low German: Deern\n→ German: Deern\n→ Old Norse: þerna\nIcelandic: þerna\nFaroese: terna\nNorwegian:\nNorwegian Bokmål: terne m or f\nNorwegian Nynorsk: terne f\nOld Swedish: thærna\nSwedish: tärna c\nDanish: tærne\n→? Middle English: therne, thierne, tharne, tarne\n>? English: tern, tarn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "thiorna"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: thiorna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: thiorna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "dierne"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: dierne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: dierne"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "deerne",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: deerne, deern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: deerne, deern"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "thiorna",
"3": "diorna"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: thiorna, diorna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: thiorna, diorna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "dierne",
"3": "diern"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: dierne, diern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: dierne, diern"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bavarian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "diirna",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian: diirna, diarn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cimbrian: diirna, diarn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhn",
"2": "diarn"
},
"expansion": "Mòcheno: diarn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mòcheno: diarn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Dirne"
},
"expansion": "German: Dirne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Dirne"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Dirndl",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ German: Dirndl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ German: Dirndl"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dirndl",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: dirndl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: dirndl"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌰",
"t": "orphan"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌰 (widuwairna, “orphan”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "þýborinn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse þýborinn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "þý",
"3": "borinn",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "bondmaid",
"t2": "born"
},
"expansion": "þý (“bondmaid”) + borinn (“born”)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from *þeu (“servant, slave”) + unknown suffix *-(w)ernā, which has been compared to Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌰 (widuwairna, “orphan”), from 𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉 (widuwō, “widow”). Compare also Old Norse þýborinn, from þý (“bondmaid”) + borinn (“born”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-on",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ōn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "þewernā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þewernōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þewernōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þewernōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þewernōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þewernōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þewernōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þewernōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þewernum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þewernōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þewernōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þewernum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*þewernā f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-on"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þewernā",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"handmaid, female servant"
],
"id": "en-þewernā-gmw-pro-noun-KATFxzid",
"links": [
[
"handmaid",
"handmaid"
],
[
"female",
"female"
],
[
"servant",
"servant"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*þiuwjā"
},
{
"word": "*þiwi"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"maiden, young girl"
],
"id": "en-þewernā-gmw-pro-noun-c0agKQEs",
"links": [
[
"maiden",
"maiden"
],
[
"young",
"young"
],
[
"girl",
"girl"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*magaþ"
},
{
"word": "*magadīn"
},
{
"word": "*mawilā"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "þewernā"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic ōn-stem nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "thiorna"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: thiorna\nMiddle Low German: dêrne\nGerman Low German: Deern\n→ German: Deern\n→ Old Norse: þerna\nIcelandic: þerna\nFaroese: terna\nNorwegian:\nNorwegian Bokmål: terne m or f\nNorwegian Nynorsk: terne f\nOld Swedish: thærna\nSwedish: tärna c\nDanish: tærne\n→? Middle English: therne, thierne, tharne, tarne\n>? English: tern, tarn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: thiorna\nMiddle Low German: dêrne\nGerman Low German: Deern\n→ German: Deern\n→ Old Norse: þerna\nIcelandic: þerna\nFaroese: terna\nNorwegian:\nNorwegian Bokmål: terne m or f\nNorwegian Nynorsk: terne f\nOld Swedish: thærna\nSwedish: tärna c\nDanish: tærne\n→? Middle English: therne, thierne, tharne, tarne\n>? English: tern, tarn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "thiorna"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: thiorna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: thiorna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "dierne"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: dierne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: dierne"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "deerne",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: deerne, deern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: deerne, deern"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "thiorna",
"3": "diorna"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: thiorna, diorna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: thiorna, diorna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "dierne",
"3": "diern"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: dierne, diern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: dierne, diern"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bavarian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "diirna",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian: diirna, diarn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cimbrian: diirna, diarn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhn",
"2": "diarn"
},
"expansion": "Mòcheno: diarn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mòcheno: diarn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Dirne"
},
"expansion": "German: Dirne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Dirne"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Dirndl",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ German: Dirndl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ German: Dirndl"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dirndl",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: dirndl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: dirndl"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌰",
"t": "orphan"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌰 (widuwairna, “orphan”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "þýborinn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse þýborinn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "þý",
"3": "borinn",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "bondmaid",
"t2": "born"
},
"expansion": "þý (“bondmaid”) + borinn (“born”)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from *þeu (“servant, slave”) + unknown suffix *-(w)ernā, which has been compared to Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌰 (widuwairna, “orphan”), from 𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉 (widuwō, “widow”). Compare also Old Norse þýborinn, from þý (“bondmaid”) + borinn (“born”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-on",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ōn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "þewernā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þewernōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þewernōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þewernōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þewernōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þewernōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þewernōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þewernōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þewernum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þewernōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þewernōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þewernum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*þewernā f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-on"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þewernā",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Female people",
"gmw-pro:Servants",
"gmw-pro:Slaves"
],
"glosses": [
"handmaid, female servant"
],
"links": [
[
"handmaid",
"handmaid"
],
[
"female",
"female"
],
[
"servant",
"servant"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*þiuwjā"
},
{
"word": "*þiwi"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Children",
"gmw-pro:Female people"
],
"glosses": [
"maiden, young girl"
],
"links": [
[
"maiden",
"maiden"
],
[
"young",
"young"
],
[
"girl",
"girl"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*magaþ"
},
{
"word": "*magadīn"
},
{
"word": "*mawilā"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "þewernā"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.