See tamu in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for tamu meaning in Proto-Turkic (7.2kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-cmn",
"2": "*tamu",
"3": "*tamug",
"4": "*tamuk"
},
"expansion": "Common Turkic: *tamu, *tamug, *tamuk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Common Turkic: *tamu, *tamug, *tamuk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-oat",
"2": "طامو",
"tr": "tamu"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish: طامو (tamu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Anatolian Turkish: طامو (tamu)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "طامو",
"tr": "tamu"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: طامو (tamu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: طامو (tamu)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "tamu"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: tamu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: tamu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "تمو",
"alt": "تَمُو",
"tr": "tamū"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: تَمُو (tamū)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: تَمُو (tamū)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chg",
"tr": "tamug"
},
"expansion": "Chagatai: [script needed] (tamug)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chagatai: [script needed] (tamug)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "تامۇق",
"tr": "tamuq"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: تامۇق (tamuq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: تامۇق (tamuq)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "tamugʻ"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: tamugʻ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: tamugʻ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qwm",
"tr1": "tam",
"tr2": "tamu",
"tr3": "tamug",
"tr4": "tamuk",
"tr5": "tamuh"
},
"expansion": "Kipchak: [script needed] (tam), [script needed] (tamu), [script needed] (tamug), [script needed] (tamuk), [script needed] (tamuh)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kipchak: [script needed] (tam), [script needed] (tamu), [script needed] (tamug), [script needed] (tamuk), [script needed] (tamuh)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "тамуҡ"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: тамуҡ (tamuq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: тамуҡ (tamuq)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "тамăк",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Chuvash: тамăк (tamăk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Chuvash: тамăк (tamăk)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "тәмуг"
},
"expansion": "Tatar: тәмуг (tämuğ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar: тәмуг (tämuğ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "тамұқ"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: тамұқ (tamūq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: тамұқ (tamūq)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "tʾmw",
"tr": "tamu"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: tʾmw (tamu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: tʾmw (tamu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*tamu",
"bor": "1",
"t": "hell"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Mongolic: *tamu (“hell”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Mongolic: *tamu (“hell”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "sog",
"3": "𐽂𐼺𐼴"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian 𐽂𐼺𐼴 (tmw)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*támHas",
"t": "darkness"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *támHas (“darkness”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*témHos",
"t": "darkness"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *témHos (“darkness”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "تم",
"3": "تَم",
"t": "veil",
"tr": "tam"
},
"expansion": "Persian تَم (tam, “veil”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐽂𐼺𐼷𐼸",
"t": "hellish"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian 𐽂𐼺𐼷𐼸 (tmyk, “hellish”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Sogdian 𐽂𐼺𐼴 (tmw), the accusative form of 𐽂𐼺 (tm, “hell”) ultimately from Proto-Indo-Iranian *támHas (“darkness”) from Proto-Indo-European *témHos (“darkness”) whence also Persian تَم (tam, “veil”).\nSome forms suggest inheritence from a form *tamug or *tamuk, according to Clauson, these forms reflect different borrowings from different Iranian languages. Compare also Sogdian 𐽂𐼺𐼷𐼸 (tmyk, “hellish”).\nConnection with *tam- (“to ignite”) is coincidental and based on folk etymology.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "trk-pro-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tamu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamunï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamunïg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamunïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamuka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamuda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamudan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamugaru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamuča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamulayu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamulugu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*tamu",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "u"
},
"name": "trk-pro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tamu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "*uštmag"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Common Turkic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Karakhanid links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Uyghur terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hell"
],
"id": "en-tamu-trk-pro-noun-Dr3DMXt1",
"links": [
[
"religion",
"religion"
],
[
"hell",
"hell"
]
],
"qualifier": "Common Turkic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Common Turkic, religion) hell"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle",
"religion"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk",
"tr:Besim Atalay"
]
}
],
"word": "tamu"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-cmn",
"2": "*tamu",
"3": "*tamug",
"4": "*tamuk"
},
"expansion": "Common Turkic: *tamu, *tamug, *tamuk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Common Turkic: *tamu, *tamug, *tamuk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-oat",
"2": "طامو",
"tr": "tamu"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish: طامو (tamu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Anatolian Turkish: طامو (tamu)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "طامو",
"tr": "tamu"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: طامو (tamu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: طامو (tamu)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "tamu"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: tamu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: tamu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "تمو",
"alt": "تَمُو",
"tr": "tamū"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: تَمُو (tamū)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: تَمُو (tamū)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chg",
"tr": "tamug"
},
"expansion": "Chagatai: [script needed] (tamug)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chagatai: [script needed] (tamug)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "تامۇق",
"tr": "tamuq"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: تامۇق (tamuq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: تامۇق (tamuq)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "tamugʻ"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: tamugʻ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: tamugʻ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qwm",
"tr1": "tam",
"tr2": "tamu",
"tr3": "tamug",
"tr4": "tamuk",
"tr5": "tamuh"
},
"expansion": "Kipchak: [script needed] (tam), [script needed] (tamu), [script needed] (tamug), [script needed] (tamuk), [script needed] (tamuh)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kipchak: [script needed] (tam), [script needed] (tamu), [script needed] (tamug), [script needed] (tamuk), [script needed] (tamuh)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "тамуҡ"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: тамуҡ (tamuq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: тамуҡ (tamuq)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "тамăк",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Chuvash: тамăк (tamăk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Chuvash: тамăк (tamăk)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "тәмуг"
},
"expansion": "Tatar: тәмуг (tämuğ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar: тәмуг (tämuğ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "тамұқ"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: тамұқ (tamūq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: тамұқ (tamūq)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "tʾmw",
"tr": "tamu"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: tʾmw (tamu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: tʾmw (tamu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*tamu",
"bor": "1",
"t": "hell"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Mongolic: *tamu (“hell”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Mongolic: *tamu (“hell”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "sog",
"3": "𐽂𐼺𐼴"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian 𐽂𐼺𐼴 (tmw)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*támHas",
"t": "darkness"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *támHas (“darkness”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*témHos",
"t": "darkness"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *témHos (“darkness”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "تم",
"3": "تَم",
"t": "veil",
"tr": "tam"
},
"expansion": "Persian تَم (tam, “veil”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐽂𐼺𐼷𐼸",
"t": "hellish"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian 𐽂𐼺𐼷𐼸 (tmyk, “hellish”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Sogdian 𐽂𐼺𐼴 (tmw), the accusative form of 𐽂𐼺 (tm, “hell”) ultimately from Proto-Indo-Iranian *támHas (“darkness”) from Proto-Indo-European *témHos (“darkness”) whence also Persian تَم (tam, “veil”).\nSome forms suggest inheritence from a form *tamug or *tamuk, according to Clauson, these forms reflect different borrowings from different Iranian languages. Compare also Sogdian 𐽂𐼺𐼷𐼸 (tmyk, “hellish”).\nConnection with *tam- (“to ignite”) is coincidental and based on folk etymology.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "trk-pro-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tamu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamunï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamunïg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamunïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamuka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamuda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamudan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamugaru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamuča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamulayu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamulugu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*tamu",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "u"
},
"name": "trk-pro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tamu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "*uštmag"
}
],
"categories": [
"Common Turkic",
"Karakhanid links with redundant target parameters",
"Persian links with redundant target parameters",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic nouns",
"Proto-Turkic terms borrowed from Sogdian",
"Proto-Turkic terms derived from Sogdian",
"Requests for native script for Chagatai terms",
"Requests for native script for Kipchak terms",
"Uyghur terms with redundant transliterations",
"trk-pro:Religion"
],
"glosses": [
"hell"
],
"links": [
[
"religion",
"religion"
],
[
"hell",
"hell"
]
],
"qualifier": "Common Turkic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Common Turkic, religion) hell"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle",
"religion"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk",
"tr:Besim Atalay"
]
}
],
"word": "tamu"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Turkic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.