See kïr- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to fleece",
"translation": "to fleece",
"word": "kïrk-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "whip, lash",
"translation": "whip, lash",
"word": "kïrmač"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Samoyedic",
"lang_code": "syd-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*kïrå-"
},
{
"lang": "Chuvash",
"lang_code": "cv",
"roman": "hir",
"word": "хир"
}
],
"lang": "Oghur",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Common Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"word": "*kïr-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Khalaj",
"lang_code": "klj",
"word": "qırmaq"
},
{
"lang": "Khalaj",
"lang_code": "klj",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "to be apathetic, sullen, depressed",
"word": "kırruqmaq"
}
],
"lang": "Arghu",
"lang_code": "klj"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "qırmaq"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "kırmaa"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "kırmak"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "xəṙmiš",
"word": "խըռմիշ"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kəṙmiš",
"word": "կըռմիշ"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "kırmak",
"word": "قیرمق"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "kırmaa"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "kırmak"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "xəṙmiš",
"word": "խըռմիշ"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kəṙmiš",
"word": "կըռմիշ"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "kırmak",
"word": "قرمق"
}
],
"lang": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"lang_code": "trk-oat"
},
{
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"word": "gyrmak"
},
{
"lang": "Salar",
"lang_code": "slr",
"word": "qır"
}
],
"lang": "Oghuz",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"word": "qirmoq"
},
{
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
"roman": "qirmaq",
"word": "قىرماق"
}
],
"lang": "Chagatai",
"lang_code": "chg",
"roman": "qyrmq",
"word": "قیرمق"
}
],
"lang": "Karakhanid",
"lang_code": "xqa",
"roman": "qïrmaq",
"word": "قِرْماقْ"
}
],
"lang": "Karluk",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"roman": "qırıw",
"word": "ҡырыу"
},
{
"lang": "Tatar",
"lang_code": "tt",
"roman": "qıru",
"word": "кыру"
}
],
"lang": "North Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"lang_code": "crh",
"word": "qırmaq"
},
{
"lang": "Kumyk",
"lang_code": "kum",
"roman": "qırmaq",
"word": "къырмакъ"
},
{
"lang": "Karachay-Balkar",
"lang_code": "krc",
"roman": "qırırğa",
"word": "къырыргъа"
},
{
"lang": "Karaim",
"lang_code": "kdr",
"word": "qır-"
}
],
"lang": "West Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Karakalpak",
"lang_code": "kaa",
"word": "қырыў"
},
{
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "qyru",
"word": "қыру"
},
{
"lang": "Nogai",
"lang_code": "nog",
"roman": "kıruv",
"word": "кырув"
}
],
"lang": "Caspian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "kıruu",
"word": "кыруу"
},
{
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"lang_code": "alt",
"roman": "kïrar",
"word": "кырар"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "alt",
"roman": "kïr-",
"word": "кыр-"
}
],
"lang": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "South Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Kipchak",
"lang_code": "qwm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dolgan",
"lang_code": "dlg",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "to shear, cut out",
"word": "кырый"
},
{
"lang": "Dolgan",
"lang_code": "dlg",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"uncertain"
],
"sense": "small",
"word": "кыра"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sah",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "kırıy",
"sense": "to shear, cut out",
"word": "кырый"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sah",
"roman": "kırıı",
"sense": "side, border, edge",
"word": "кырыы"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sah",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"uncertain"
],
"roman": "kıra",
"sense": "small",
"word": "кыра"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sah",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"uncertain"
],
"roman": "kıırpaq",
"sense": "crumb, fragment",
"word": "кыырпах"
}
],
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah"
}
],
"lang": "North Siberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tuvan",
"lang_code": "tyv",
"roman": "kırar",
"word": "кырар"
},
{
"lang": "Tofa",
"lang_code": "kim",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "ӄыъртыҷа-"
}
],
"lang": "Sayan",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Khakas",
"lang_code": "kjh",
"roman": "xırarğa",
"word": "хырарға"
},
{
"lang": "Western Yugur",
"lang_code": "ybe",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "to shave",
"word": "qʰïrq-"
},
{
"lang": "Shor",
"lang_code": "cjs",
"word": "qır-"
}
],
"lang": "Yenisei",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "South Siberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Siberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*kïr-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kïr-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to break, to demolish"
],
"id": "en-kïr--trk-pro-verb-rbIqT~Ej",
"links": [
[
"break",
"break"
],
[
"demolish",
"demolish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to break, to demolish"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 88",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to scrape, to shave"
],
"id": "en-kïr--trk-pro-verb-tPMYVzT7",
"links": [
[
"scrape",
"scrape"
],
[
"shave",
"shave"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to scrape, to shave"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"word": "kïr-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic verbs",
"Requests for native script for Karaim terms",
"Requests for native script for Shor terms",
"Requests for native script for Tofa terms",
"Requests for native script for Western Yugur terms"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to fleece",
"translation": "to fleece",
"word": "kïrk-"
},
{
"english": "whip, lash",
"translation": "whip, lash",
"word": "kïrmač"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Samoyedic",
"lang_code": "syd-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*kïrå-"
},
{
"lang": "Chuvash",
"lang_code": "cv",
"roman": "hir",
"word": "хир"
}
],
"lang": "Oghur",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Common Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"word": "*kïr-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Khalaj",
"lang_code": "klj",
"word": "qırmaq"
},
{
"lang": "Khalaj",
"lang_code": "klj",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "to be apathetic, sullen, depressed",
"word": "kırruqmaq"
}
],
"lang": "Arghu",
"lang_code": "klj"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "qırmaq"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "kırmaa"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "kırmak"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "xəṙmiš",
"word": "խըռմիշ"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kəṙmiš",
"word": "կըռմիշ"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "kırmak",
"word": "قیرمق"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "kırmaa"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "kırmak"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "xəṙmiš",
"word": "խըռմիշ"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kəṙmiš",
"word": "կըռմիշ"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "kırmak",
"word": "قرمق"
}
],
"lang": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"lang_code": "trk-oat"
},
{
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"word": "gyrmak"
},
{
"lang": "Salar",
"lang_code": "slr",
"word": "qır"
}
],
"lang": "Oghuz",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"word": "qirmoq"
},
{
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
"roman": "qirmaq",
"word": "قىرماق"
}
],
"lang": "Chagatai",
"lang_code": "chg",
"roman": "qyrmq",
"word": "قیرمق"
}
],
"lang": "Karakhanid",
"lang_code": "xqa",
"roman": "qïrmaq",
"word": "قِرْماقْ"
}
],
"lang": "Karluk",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"roman": "qırıw",
"word": "ҡырыу"
},
{
"lang": "Tatar",
"lang_code": "tt",
"roman": "qıru",
"word": "кыру"
}
],
"lang": "North Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"lang_code": "crh",
"word": "qırmaq"
},
{
"lang": "Kumyk",
"lang_code": "kum",
"roman": "qırmaq",
"word": "къырмакъ"
},
{
"lang": "Karachay-Balkar",
"lang_code": "krc",
"roman": "qırırğa",
"word": "къырыргъа"
},
{
"lang": "Karaim",
"lang_code": "kdr",
"word": "qır-"
}
],
"lang": "West Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Karakalpak",
"lang_code": "kaa",
"word": "қырыў"
},
{
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "qyru",
"word": "қыру"
},
{
"lang": "Nogai",
"lang_code": "nog",
"roman": "kıruv",
"word": "кырув"
}
],
"lang": "Caspian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "kıruu",
"word": "кыруу"
},
{
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"lang_code": "alt",
"roman": "kïrar",
"word": "кырар"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "alt",
"roman": "kïr-",
"word": "кыр-"
}
],
"lang": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "South Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Kipchak",
"lang_code": "qwm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dolgan",
"lang_code": "dlg",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "to shear, cut out",
"word": "кырый"
},
{
"lang": "Dolgan",
"lang_code": "dlg",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"uncertain"
],
"sense": "small",
"word": "кыра"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sah",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "kırıy",
"sense": "to shear, cut out",
"word": "кырый"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sah",
"roman": "kırıı",
"sense": "side, border, edge",
"word": "кырыы"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sah",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"uncertain"
],
"roman": "kıra",
"sense": "small",
"word": "кыра"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sah",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"uncertain"
],
"roman": "kıırpaq",
"sense": "crumb, fragment",
"word": "кыырпах"
}
],
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah"
}
],
"lang": "North Siberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tuvan",
"lang_code": "tyv",
"roman": "kırar",
"word": "кырар"
},
{
"lang": "Tofa",
"lang_code": "kim",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "ӄыъртыҷа-"
}
],
"lang": "Sayan",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Khakas",
"lang_code": "kjh",
"roman": "xırarğa",
"word": "хырарға"
},
{
"lang": "Western Yugur",
"lang_code": "ybe",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "to shave",
"word": "qʰïrq-"
},
{
"lang": "Shor",
"lang_code": "cjs",
"word": "qır-"
}
],
"lang": "Yenisei",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "South Siberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Siberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*kïr-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kïr-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Turkic transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to break, to demolish"
],
"links": [
[
"break",
"break"
],
[
"demolish",
"demolish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to break, to demolish"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Turkic transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to scrape, to shave"
],
"links": [
[
"scrape",
"scrape"
],
[
"shave",
"shave"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to scrape, to shave"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"word": "kïr-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kïr- meaning in Proto-Turkic (6.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Turkic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-10-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-10-01 using wiktextract (899f67d and 361bf0e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.