kïŋrak in Proto-Turkic

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Etymology: Usually considered to be from *kïŋra- (“to cut crookedly”) + *-k, Nişanyan on the other hand compares it with Sogdian 𐼶𐼻𐼲𐽀 (xnɣr, “dagger, sword”) + *-ak (“diminutive suffix”) and suggests a borrowing. According to Hirth, it is the oldest written Turkic word, possibly attested as Old Chinese 徑路 (*king-lak, “the ceremonial sword of the Xiongnu”) in Ts'ien Han Shu (47 BCE). Etymology templates: {{suf|trk-pro|*kïŋra-|*-k|t1=to cut crookedly}} *kïŋra- (“to cut crookedly”) + *-k, {{noncog|sog|𐼶𐼻𐼲𐽀|t=dagger, sword}} Sogdian 𐼶𐼻𐼲𐽀 (xnɣr, “dagger, sword”), {{suf|trk-pro||*-ak|t2=diminutive suffix}} + *-ak (“diminutive suffix”), {{noncog|och|徑路|t=the ceremonial sword of the Xiongnu|tr=*king-lak}} Old Chinese 徑路 (*king-lak, “the ceremonial sword of the Xiongnu”) Head templates: {{head|trk-pro|noun}} *kïŋrak Inflection templates: {{trk-pro-decl-noun|a}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], kïŋrak [nominative, singular], kïŋrakïg [accusative, singular], kïŋraknï [accusative, singular], kïŋraknïŋ [genitive, singular], kïŋrakka [dative, singular], kïŋrakda [locative, singular], kïŋrakdan [ablative, singular], kïŋrakgaru [allative, singular], kïŋrakïn [instrumental, singular], kïŋrakča [equative, singular], kïŋraklayu [error-unrecognized-form, singular], kïŋraklïgu [comitative, singular]

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xgn-pro",
            "2": "*kïŋgar",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-Mongolic: *kïŋgar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-Mongolic: *kïŋgar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Karluk:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xqa",
            "2": "قنكراق",
            "tr": "kïŋra:k"
          },
          "expansion": "Karakhanid: قنكراق (kïŋra:k)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Karakhanid: قنكراق (kïŋra:k)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ug",
            "t": "wide blade knife",
            "tr": "kïŋrak"
          },
          "expansion": "Uyghur: [script needed] (kïŋrak, “wide blade knife”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Uyghur: [script needed] (kïŋrak, “wide blade knife”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Kipchak:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ky",
            "2": "кыңырак"
          },
          "expansion": "Kyrgyz: кыңырак (kıŋırak)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kyrgyz: кыңырак (kıŋırak)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "alt",
            "2": "кыҥырак"
          },
          "expansion": "Southern Altai: кыҥырак (kïŋïrak)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Southern Altai: кыҥырак (kïŋïrak)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "trk-pro",
        "2": "*kïŋra-",
        "3": "*-k",
        "t1": "to cut crookedly"
      },
      "expansion": "*kïŋra- (“to cut crookedly”) + *-k",
      "name": "suf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sog",
        "2": "𐼶𐼻𐼲𐽀",
        "t": "dagger, sword"
      },
      "expansion": "Sogdian 𐼶𐼻𐼲𐽀 (xnɣr, “dagger, sword”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "trk-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*-ak",
        "t2": "diminutive suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "+ *-ak (“diminutive suffix”)",
      "name": "suf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "och",
        "2": "徑路",
        "t": "the ceremonial sword of the Xiongnu",
        "tr": "*king-lak"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Chinese 徑路 (*king-lak, “the ceremonial sword of the Xiongnu”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Usually considered to be from *kïŋra- (“to cut crookedly”) + *-k, Nişanyan on the other hand compares it with Sogdian 𐼶𐼻𐼲𐽀 (xnɣr, “dagger, sword”) + *-ak (“diminutive suffix”) and suggests a borrowing. According to Hirth, it is the oldest written Turkic word, possibly attested as Old Chinese 徑路 (*king-lak, “the ceremonial sword of the Xiongnu”) in Ts'ien Han Shu (47 BCE).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trk-pro-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kïŋrak",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kïŋrakïg",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kïŋraknï",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kïŋraknïŋ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kïŋrakka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kïŋrakda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kïŋrakdan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kïŋrakgaru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kïŋrakïn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kïŋrakča",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "equative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kïŋraklayu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kïŋraklïgu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "trk-pro",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "*kïŋrak",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "a"
      },
      "name": "trk-pro-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Turkic",
  "lang_code": "trk-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kïŋrak",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-ak",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-k",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "broad-faced curved knife or sword"
      ],
      "id": "en-kïŋrak-trk-pro-noun-TMivLIBj",
      "links": [
        [
          "curved",
          "curved"
        ],
        [
          "knife",
          "knife"
        ],
        [
          "sword",
          "sword"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kïŋrak"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xgn-pro",
            "2": "*kïŋgar",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-Mongolic: *kïŋgar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-Mongolic: *kïŋgar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Karluk:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xqa",
            "2": "قنكراق",
            "tr": "kïŋra:k"
          },
          "expansion": "Karakhanid: قنكراق (kïŋra:k)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Karakhanid: قنكراق (kïŋra:k)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ug",
            "t": "wide blade knife",
            "tr": "kïŋrak"
          },
          "expansion": "Uyghur: [script needed] (kïŋrak, “wide blade knife”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Uyghur: [script needed] (kïŋrak, “wide blade knife”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Kipchak:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ky",
            "2": "кыңырак"
          },
          "expansion": "Kyrgyz: кыңырак (kıŋırak)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kyrgyz: кыңырак (kıŋırak)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "alt",
            "2": "кыҥырак"
          },
          "expansion": "Southern Altai: кыҥырак (kïŋïrak)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Southern Altai: кыҥырак (kïŋïrak)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "trk-pro",
        "2": "*kïŋra-",
        "3": "*-k",
        "t1": "to cut crookedly"
      },
      "expansion": "*kïŋra- (“to cut crookedly”) + *-k",
      "name": "suf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sog",
        "2": "𐼶𐼻𐼲𐽀",
        "t": "dagger, sword"
      },
      "expansion": "Sogdian 𐼶𐼻𐼲𐽀 (xnɣr, “dagger, sword”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "trk-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*-ak",
        "t2": "diminutive suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "+ *-ak (“diminutive suffix”)",
      "name": "suf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "och",
        "2": "徑路",
        "t": "the ceremonial sword of the Xiongnu",
        "tr": "*king-lak"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Chinese 徑路 (*king-lak, “the ceremonial sword of the Xiongnu”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Usually considered to be from *kïŋra- (“to cut crookedly”) + *-k, Nişanyan on the other hand compares it with Sogdian 𐼶𐼻𐼲𐽀 (xnɣr, “dagger, sword”) + *-ak (“diminutive suffix”) and suggests a borrowing. According to Hirth, it is the oldest written Turkic word, possibly attested as Old Chinese 徑路 (*king-lak, “the ceremonial sword of the Xiongnu”) in Ts'ien Han Shu (47 BCE).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trk-pro-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kïŋrak",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kïŋrakïg",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kïŋraknï",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kïŋraknïŋ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kïŋrakka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kïŋrakda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kïŋrakdan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kïŋrakgaru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kïŋrakïn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kïŋrakča",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "equative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kïŋraklayu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kïŋraklïgu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "trk-pro",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "*kïŋrak",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "a"
      },
      "name": "trk-pro-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Turkic",
  "lang_code": "trk-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kïŋrak",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Turkic lemmas",
        "Proto-Turkic nouns",
        "Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-ak",
        "Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-k",
        "trk-pro:Swords"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "broad-faced curved knife or sword"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "curved",
          "curved"
        ],
        [
          "knife",
          "knife"
        ],
        [
          "sword",
          "sword"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kïŋrak"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Turkic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-09-20 using wiktextract (af5c55c and 66545a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"kïŋrak" meaning in Proto-Turkic

Noun