See ayran in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghur: *ayraɣ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*ayïrag",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Mongolic: *ayïrag",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Mongolic: *ayïrag"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "айраг",
"t": "koumiss"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian: айраг (ajrag, “koumiss”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mongolian: айраг (ajrag, “koumiss”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv-old",
"2": "*ï̄raɣ"
},
"expansion": "Old Chuvash: *ï̄raɣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Chuvash: *ï̄raɣ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ohu",
"2": "yiro",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "i:ro:"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Hungarian: yiro (i:ro:)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Hungarian: yiro (i:ro:)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "író",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hungarian: író",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hungarian: író"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv-mid",
"2": "*yăra(n)"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chuvash: *yăra(n)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Chuvash: *yăra(n)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "йыра",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Eastern Mari: йыра (jyra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Eastern Mari: йыра (jyra)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "уйран"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash: уйран (ujran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chuvash: уйран (ujran)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "урень",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: урень (urenʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: урень (urenʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-cmn",
"2": "*ayran"
},
"expansion": "Common Turkic: *ayran",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Common Turkic: *ayran"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-ogz-pro",
"2": "*ayran"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Oghuz: *ayran",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Oghuz: *ayran"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-oat",
"tr": "ayran"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (ayran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (ayran)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "ayran"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: ayran",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: ayran"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Urmia: ayran"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Osku: eyran"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "آیران",
"tr": "ayran"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: آیران (ayran)\nGagauz: ayran\nTurkish: ayran\n→ Arabic: عَيْرَان (ʕayrān)\n→ Bulgarian: айря́н (ajrján), айра́н (ajrán) — dated\n→ Greek: αριάνι (ariáni), αϊράν (aïrán)\n→ Laz: აჲრანი (ayrani)\n→ Polish: ajran",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: آیران (ayran)\nGagauz: ayran\nTurkish: ayran\n→ Arabic: عَيْرَان (ʕayrān)\n→ Bulgarian: айря́н (ajrján), айра́н (ajrán) — dated\n→ Greek: αριάνι (ariáni), αϊράν (aïrán)\n→ Laz: აჲრანი (ayrani)\n→ Polish: ajran"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "aýran"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: aýran",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: aýran"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "اَیْرانْ",
"tr": "ayran"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: اَیْرانْ (ayran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: اَیْرانْ (ayran)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zkh",
"tr": "ayran"
},
"expansion": "Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (ayran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (ayran)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chg",
"2": "ایران",
"tr": "ayran"
},
"expansion": "Chagatai: ایران (ayran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chagatai: ایران (ayran)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "oyron"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: oyron",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: oyron"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "ئايران"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: ئايران (ayran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: ئايران (ayran)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "айран",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "ayran",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Khakas: айран (ayran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Khakas: айран (ayran)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "айран",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: айран (ajran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: айран (ajran)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "айран",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yakut: айран (ayran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yakut: айран (ayran)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qwm",
"2": "ایران",
"tr": "ayran"
},
"expansion": "Kipchak: ایران (ayran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kipchak: ایران (ayran)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "айран"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: айран (ayran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: айран (ayran)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "әйрән"
},
"expansion": "Tatar: әйрән (äyrän)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar: әйрән (äyrän)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "ayran"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar: ayran",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Crimean Tatar: ayran"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krc",
"2": "айран",
"tr": "ayran"
},
"expansion": "Karachay-Balkar: айран (ayran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karachay-Balkar: айран (ayran)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kdr",
"2": "айран",
"tr": "ayran"
},
"expansion": "Karaim: айран (ayran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karaim: айран (ayran)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"2": "айран",
"tr": "ayran"
},
"expansion": "Kumyk: айран (ayran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kumyk: айран (ayran)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Caspian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "айран"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: айран (airan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: айран (airan)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": "ayran"
},
"expansion": "Karakalpak: ayran",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakalpak: ayran"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nog",
"2": "айран",
"tr": "ayran"
},
"expansion": "Nogai: айран (ayran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nogai: айран (ayran)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "айран"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: айран (ayran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: айран (ayran)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "айран"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: айран (ayran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: айран (ayran)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*adïr-",
"3": "*-gan"
},
"expansion": "*adïr- + *-gan",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*adïr-",
"3": "*ayïr-",
"t": "to separate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *ayïr- (“to separate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*yād-",
"t": "to churn butter"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *yād- (“to churn butter”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "klj",
"2": "یاماق",
"t": "to churn butter",
"tr": "yâmaq"
},
"expansion": "Khalaj یاماق (yâmaq, “to churn butter”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Δάϊξ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Δάϊξ (Dáïx)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "Яик"
},
"expansion": "Russian Яик (Jaik)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*ạguŕ",
"t": "colostrum, beestings"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *ạguŕ (“colostrum, beestings”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*ïrga-",
"t": "to rock, to pump, to move something from one side to another, to swing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *ïrga- (“to rock, to pump, to move something from one side to another, to swing”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "och",
"2": "酪"
},
"expansion": "Old Chinese 酪 (*ɡ·raːɡ)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ltc",
"2": "酪"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese 酪 (lɑk̚)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*adïr-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *adïr-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "аараһ"
},
"expansion": "Yakut аараһ (aarah)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "уйран",
"t": "buttermilk"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash уйран (ujran, “buttermilk”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "уйӑр",
"t": "to separate, to split"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash уйӑр (ujăr, “to separate, to split”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*adïr-",
"t": "to separate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *adïr- (“to separate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*ayïrag",
"t": "koumiss"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *ayïrag (“koumiss”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "айраг"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian айраг (ajrag)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ulc",
"2": "аяра-",
"t": "to take fat off butter while it is melting"
},
"expansion": "Ulch аяра- (“to take fat off butter while it is melting”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gld",
"2": "аярахо",
"t": "spoon for taking fat off"
},
"expansion": "Nanai аярахо (ajaraho, “spoon for taking fat off”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested in every branch of Turkic except in Arghu and in Siberian languages (except Khakas, see below). No majority consensus on the origin, but probably from *adïr- + *-gan.\n* Róna-Tas and Berta suggest a derivation from Proto-Turkic *ayïr- (“to separate”) for the Oghur branch and its descendants, refusing any possible relation with the following:\n*# An intermediary *yaδaq/ŋ (\"churned butter, butter leftover\") by Ligeti (1960, 1986), a denominal reflex derived from Proto-Turkic *yād- (“to churn butter”) (whence Khalaj یاماق (yâmaq, “to churn butter”)). The same root would also be compared to the native name of the Ural river, (which in Proto-Turkic is *yāyïk (cf. Ancient Greek Δάϊξ (Dáïx), Δαΐχ (Daḯkh), Γεήχ (Geḗkh) and archaic Russian Яик (Jaik))) by Clauson (1972), also rejected by the authors.\n*# Proto-Turkic *ạguŕ (“colostrum, beestings”) (whence the hypothetical Middle Chuvash form *ïră (\"an aciduous liquid remaining after butter has been separated from milk or cream\")), proposed by Räsänen (1969) and Doerfer (1963, 1975).\n*# Proto-Turkic *ïrga- (“to rock, to pump, to move something from one side to another, to swing”), which is deemed as semantically unsatisfactory.\n*# Old Chinese 酪 (*ɡ·raːɡ) (and Middle Chinese 酪 (lɑk̚)) by Pulleybank (1962), who reconstructs this root as *agïrag and posited that this word is a Xiong-Nu word re-analyzed by Turkic and Mongolic speakers as *ayï- instead of *agï-.\n** Agyágasi (2019) demonstrates that historical Chuvash forms and loanwords at large support Róna-Tas's and Berta's etymology.\n* Räsänen (1969), on a different entry than the one above, tentatively adopts the root term as Proto-Turkic *adïr- for all Turkic languages except Yakut аараһ (aarah) (which is borrowed from Mongolic *ayïrag). He also thinks that a relation between *ayran and Mongolic *ayïrag exists, but no direction of borrowing or a cognate relation is given by him.\n* Yegorov (1964) follows the same argument, saying that Chuvash уйран (ujran, “buttermilk”) is related to Chuvash уйӑр (ujăr, “to separate, to split”).\n* Clauson (1972) rejects any relation with Proto-Turkic *adïr- (“to separate”) on the basis of Karakhanid form, and posits that \"...but it is very odd that such a sound change should have occurred in [Karakhanid language] and it is prob[ably] merely a false etymology.\"\n* Nişanyan suggests that the drink in question is an Oghuz \"Kulturwort\", and therefore it spread to other languages via Oghuz Turks. This would explain the problematic -y- sound before -r- in Karakhanid and Khakas reflexes, where the expected reflexes from a genuine Proto-Turkic root would be *aδran and *aźran respectively.\n* Altaicists, on the other hand, compare this word with Proto-Mongolic *ayïrag (“koumiss”) (thus Mongolian айраг (ajrag)), Ulch аяра- (“to take fat off butter while it is melting”) and Nanai аярахо (ajaraho, “spoon for taking fat off”), deriving the word from the \"Proto-Altaic\" noun **ăyVrV (\"sour milk, fat melt\") (EDAL's V stands for an undetermined vowel sound).\nIt should be noted that this word was first attested in Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk (11th century), not found in any pre-Islamic texts.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "trk-pro-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ayran",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ayranïg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ayrannï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ayrannïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ayranka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ayranta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ayrantan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ayrangaru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ayranïn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ayranča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ayranlayu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ayranlïgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*ayran",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a"
},
"name": "trk-pro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ayran",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Karachay-Balkar terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Khakas terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kumyk terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Nogai terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-gan",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"buttermilk, airan (doogh, tan)"
],
"id": "en-ayran-trk-pro-noun-5IWkegLu",
"links": [
[
"buttermilk",
"buttermilk"
],
[
"airan",
"airan"
],
[
"doogh",
"doogh"
],
[
"tan",
"tan"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ayran"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghur: *ayraɣ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*ayïrag",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Mongolic: *ayïrag",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Mongolic: *ayïrag"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "айраг",
"t": "koumiss"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian: айраг (ajrag, “koumiss”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mongolian: айраг (ajrag, “koumiss”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv-old",
"2": "*ï̄raɣ"
},
"expansion": "Old Chuvash: *ï̄raɣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Chuvash: *ï̄raɣ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ohu",
"2": "yiro",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "i:ro:"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Hungarian: yiro (i:ro:)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Hungarian: yiro (i:ro:)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "író",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hungarian: író",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hungarian: író"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv-mid",
"2": "*yăra(n)"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chuvash: *yăra(n)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Chuvash: *yăra(n)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "йыра",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Eastern Mari: йыра (jyra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Eastern Mari: йыра (jyra)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "уйран"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash: уйран (ujran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chuvash: уйран (ujran)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "урень",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: урень (urenʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: урень (urenʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-cmn",
"2": "*ayran"
},
"expansion": "Common Turkic: *ayran",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Common Turkic: *ayran"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-ogz-pro",
"2": "*ayran"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Oghuz: *ayran",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Oghuz: *ayran"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-oat",
"tr": "ayran"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (ayran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (ayran)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "ayran"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: ayran",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: ayran"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Urmia: ayran"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Osku: eyran"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "آیران",
"tr": "ayran"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: آیران (ayran)\nGagauz: ayran\nTurkish: ayran\n→ Arabic: عَيْرَان (ʕayrān)\n→ Bulgarian: айря́н (ajrján), айра́н (ajrán) — dated\n→ Greek: αριάνι (ariáni), αϊράν (aïrán)\n→ Laz: აჲრანი (ayrani)\n→ Polish: ajran",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: آیران (ayran)\nGagauz: ayran\nTurkish: ayran\n→ Arabic: عَيْرَان (ʕayrān)\n→ Bulgarian: айря́н (ajrján), айра́н (ajrán) — dated\n→ Greek: αριάνι (ariáni), αϊράν (aïrán)\n→ Laz: აჲრანი (ayrani)\n→ Polish: ajran"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "aýran"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: aýran",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: aýran"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "اَیْرانْ",
"tr": "ayran"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: اَیْرانْ (ayran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: اَیْرانْ (ayran)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zkh",
"tr": "ayran"
},
"expansion": "Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (ayran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (ayran)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chg",
"2": "ایران",
"tr": "ayran"
},
"expansion": "Chagatai: ایران (ayran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chagatai: ایران (ayran)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "oyron"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: oyron",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: oyron"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "ئايران"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: ئايران (ayran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: ئايران (ayran)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "айран",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "ayran",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Khakas: айран (ayran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Khakas: айран (ayran)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "айран",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: айран (ajran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: айран (ajran)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "айран",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yakut: айран (ayran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yakut: айран (ayran)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qwm",
"2": "ایران",
"tr": "ayran"
},
"expansion": "Kipchak: ایران (ayran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kipchak: ایران (ayran)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "айран"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: айран (ayran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: айран (ayran)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "әйрән"
},
"expansion": "Tatar: әйрән (äyrän)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar: әйрән (äyrän)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "ayran"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar: ayran",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Crimean Tatar: ayran"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krc",
"2": "айран",
"tr": "ayran"
},
"expansion": "Karachay-Balkar: айран (ayran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karachay-Balkar: айран (ayran)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kdr",
"2": "айран",
"tr": "ayran"
},
"expansion": "Karaim: айран (ayran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karaim: айран (ayran)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"2": "айран",
"tr": "ayran"
},
"expansion": "Kumyk: айран (ayran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kumyk: айран (ayran)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Caspian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "айран"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: айран (airan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: айран (airan)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": "ayran"
},
"expansion": "Karakalpak: ayran",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakalpak: ayran"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nog",
"2": "айран",
"tr": "ayran"
},
"expansion": "Nogai: айран (ayran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nogai: айран (ayran)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "айран"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: айран (ayran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: айран (ayran)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "айран"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: айран (ayran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: айран (ayran)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*adïr-",
"3": "*-gan"
},
"expansion": "*adïr- + *-gan",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*adïr-",
"3": "*ayïr-",
"t": "to separate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *ayïr- (“to separate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*yād-",
"t": "to churn butter"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *yād- (“to churn butter”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "klj",
"2": "یاماق",
"t": "to churn butter",
"tr": "yâmaq"
},
"expansion": "Khalaj یاماق (yâmaq, “to churn butter”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Δάϊξ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Δάϊξ (Dáïx)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "Яик"
},
"expansion": "Russian Яик (Jaik)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*ạguŕ",
"t": "colostrum, beestings"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *ạguŕ (“colostrum, beestings”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*ïrga-",
"t": "to rock, to pump, to move something from one side to another, to swing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *ïrga- (“to rock, to pump, to move something from one side to another, to swing”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "och",
"2": "酪"
},
"expansion": "Old Chinese 酪 (*ɡ·raːɡ)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ltc",
"2": "酪"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese 酪 (lɑk̚)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*adïr-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *adïr-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "аараһ"
},
"expansion": "Yakut аараһ (aarah)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "уйран",
"t": "buttermilk"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash уйран (ujran, “buttermilk”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "уйӑр",
"t": "to separate, to split"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash уйӑр (ujăr, “to separate, to split”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*adïr-",
"t": "to separate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *adïr- (“to separate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*ayïrag",
"t": "koumiss"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *ayïrag (“koumiss”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "айраг"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian айраг (ajrag)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ulc",
"2": "аяра-",
"t": "to take fat off butter while it is melting"
},
"expansion": "Ulch аяра- (“to take fat off butter while it is melting”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gld",
"2": "аярахо",
"t": "spoon for taking fat off"
},
"expansion": "Nanai аярахо (ajaraho, “spoon for taking fat off”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested in every branch of Turkic except in Arghu and in Siberian languages (except Khakas, see below). No majority consensus on the origin, but probably from *adïr- + *-gan.\n* Róna-Tas and Berta suggest a derivation from Proto-Turkic *ayïr- (“to separate”) for the Oghur branch and its descendants, refusing any possible relation with the following:\n*# An intermediary *yaδaq/ŋ (\"churned butter, butter leftover\") by Ligeti (1960, 1986), a denominal reflex derived from Proto-Turkic *yād- (“to churn butter”) (whence Khalaj یاماق (yâmaq, “to churn butter”)). The same root would also be compared to the native name of the Ural river, (which in Proto-Turkic is *yāyïk (cf. Ancient Greek Δάϊξ (Dáïx), Δαΐχ (Daḯkh), Γεήχ (Geḗkh) and archaic Russian Яик (Jaik))) by Clauson (1972), also rejected by the authors.\n*# Proto-Turkic *ạguŕ (“colostrum, beestings”) (whence the hypothetical Middle Chuvash form *ïră (\"an aciduous liquid remaining after butter has been separated from milk or cream\")), proposed by Räsänen (1969) and Doerfer (1963, 1975).\n*# Proto-Turkic *ïrga- (“to rock, to pump, to move something from one side to another, to swing”), which is deemed as semantically unsatisfactory.\n*# Old Chinese 酪 (*ɡ·raːɡ) (and Middle Chinese 酪 (lɑk̚)) by Pulleybank (1962), who reconstructs this root as *agïrag and posited that this word is a Xiong-Nu word re-analyzed by Turkic and Mongolic speakers as *ayï- instead of *agï-.\n** Agyágasi (2019) demonstrates that historical Chuvash forms and loanwords at large support Róna-Tas's and Berta's etymology.\n* Räsänen (1969), on a different entry than the one above, tentatively adopts the root term as Proto-Turkic *adïr- for all Turkic languages except Yakut аараһ (aarah) (which is borrowed from Mongolic *ayïrag). He also thinks that a relation between *ayran and Mongolic *ayïrag exists, but no direction of borrowing or a cognate relation is given by him.\n* Yegorov (1964) follows the same argument, saying that Chuvash уйран (ujran, “buttermilk”) is related to Chuvash уйӑр (ujăr, “to separate, to split”).\n* Clauson (1972) rejects any relation with Proto-Turkic *adïr- (“to separate”) on the basis of Karakhanid form, and posits that \"...but it is very odd that such a sound change should have occurred in [Karakhanid language] and it is prob[ably] merely a false etymology.\"\n* Nişanyan suggests that the drink in question is an Oghuz \"Kulturwort\", and therefore it spread to other languages via Oghuz Turks. This would explain the problematic -y- sound before -r- in Karakhanid and Khakas reflexes, where the expected reflexes from a genuine Proto-Turkic root would be *aδran and *aźran respectively.\n* Altaicists, on the other hand, compare this word with Proto-Mongolic *ayïrag (“koumiss”) (thus Mongolian айраг (ajrag)), Ulch аяра- (“to take fat off butter while it is melting”) and Nanai аярахо (ajaraho, “spoon for taking fat off”), deriving the word from the \"Proto-Altaic\" noun **ăyVrV (\"sour milk, fat melt\") (EDAL's V stands for an undetermined vowel sound).\nIt should be noted that this word was first attested in Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk (11th century), not found in any pre-Islamic texts.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "trk-pro-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ayran",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ayranïg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ayrannï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ayrannïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ayranka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ayranta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ayrantan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ayrangaru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ayranïn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ayranča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ayranlayu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ayranlïgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*ayran",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a"
},
"name": "trk-pro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ayran",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Karachay-Balkar terms with redundant transliterations",
"Khakas terms with redundant transliterations",
"Kumyk terms with redundant transliterations",
"Nogai terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic nouns",
"Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-gan",
"Requests for native script for Khorezmian Turkic terms",
"Requests for native script for Old Anatolian Turkish terms",
"trk-pro:Dairy products"
],
"glosses": [
"buttermilk, airan (doogh, tan)"
],
"links": [
[
"buttermilk",
"buttermilk"
],
[
"airan",
"airan"
],
[
"doogh",
"doogh"
],
[
"tan",
"tan"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ayran"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ayran meaning in Proto-Turkic (15.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Turkic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.