See alma in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sog", "2": "𐼰𐼹𐼺𐼹𐼴𐼸𐼿", "bor": "1", "der": "1" }, "expansion": "→⇒ Sogdian: 𐼰𐼹𐼺𐼹𐼴𐼸𐼿 (ʾδmδwkc)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "→⇒ Sogdian: 𐼰𐼹𐼺𐼹𐼴𐼸𐼿 (ʾδmδwkc)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "trk-ogz-pro", "2": "*alma" }, "expansion": "Proto-Oghuz: *alma", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "trk-oat", "2": "آلْمَا", "tr": "alma" }, "expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish: آلْمَا (alma)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "az", "2": "alma" }, "expansion": "Azerbaijani: alma", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "gag", "2": "alma" }, "expansion": "Gagauz: alma", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "ota", "2": "الما" }, "expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: الما, آلما (alma)\nTurkish: elma\n→ Middle Armenian: Էլմա (Ēlma)", "name": "desctree" }, { "args": { "1": "tk", "2": "alma" }, "expansion": "Turkmen: alma", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "xqa", "2": "اَلْما", "tr": "alma" }, "expansion": "Karakhanid: اَلْما (alma)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "zkh", "2": "الما", "tr": "alma" }, "expansion": "Khorezmian Turkic: الما (alma)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "chg", "2": "الما", "tr": "alma" }, "expansion": "Chagatai: الما (alma)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "uz", "2": "olma" }, "expansion": "Uzbek: olma", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "ug", "2": "ئالما" }, "expansion": "Uyghur: ئالما (alma)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "hu", "2": "alma", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ Hungarian: alma", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "xsv", "2": "ałm", "bor": "1", "unc": "1" }, "expansion": "→? Sudovian: ałm", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "qwm-mam", "2": "الما", "tr": "alma" }, "expansion": "Mamluk-Kipchak: الما (alma)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "ba", "2": "алма" }, "expansion": "Bashkir: алма (alma)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "tt", "2": "алма" }, "expansion": "Tatar: алма (alma)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "cv", "2": "улма", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ Chuvash: улма (ulma)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "likely" }, "expansion": "(likely)", "name": "q" }, { "args": { "1": "udm", "2": "улмо", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ Udmurt: улмо (ulmo)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "mrj", "2": "олма", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ Western Mari: олма (olma)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "mhr", "2": "олма", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ Eastern Mari: олма (olma)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "crh", "2": "alma" }, "expansion": "Crimean Tatar: alma", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "krc", "2": "алма" }, "expansion": "Karachay-Balkar: алма (alma)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "kum", "2": "алма" }, "expansion": "Kumyk: алма (alma)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "uum", "2": "алма" }, "expansion": "Urum: алма", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "kk", "2": "алма" }, "expansion": "Kazakh: алма (alma)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "kaa", "2": "алма" }, "expansion": "Karakalpak: алма", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "nog", "2": "алма" }, "expansion": "Nogai: алма (alma)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "ky", "2": "алма" }, "expansion": "Kyrgyz: алма (alma)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "alt", "2": "алама", "3": "алма" }, "expansion": "Southern Altai: алама (alama), алма (alma)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Common Turkic:\n** Proto-Oghuz: *alma\n*** West Oghuz:\n**** Old Anatolian Turkish: آلْمَا (alma)\n***** Azerbaijani: alma\n***** Gagauz: alma\n***** Ottoman Turkish: الما, آلما (alma)\nTurkish: elma\n→ Middle Armenian: Էլմա (Ēlma)\n*** East Oghuz:\n**** Turkmen: alma\n** Karluk:\n*** Karakhanid: اَلْما (alma)\n**** Khorezmian Turkic: الما (alma)\n***** Chagatai: الما (alma)\n****** Uzbek: olma\n****** Uyghur: ئالما (alma)\n** Kipchak:\n*** Cuman-Kipchak:\n**** → Hungarian: alma\n**** →? Sudovian: ałm\n*** Mamluk-Kipchak: الما (alma)\n**** North Kipchak:\n***** Bashkir: алма (alma)\n***** Tatar: алма (alma)\n****** → Chuvash: улма (ulma) (likely)\n****** → Udmurt: улмо (ulmo)\n****** → Western Mari: олма (olma)\n****** → Eastern Mari: олма (olma)\n**** West Kipchak:\n***** Crimean Tatar: alma\n***** Karachay-Balkar: алма (alma)\n***** Kumyk: алма (alma)\n***** Urum: алма\n**** South Kipchak:\n***** Kazakh: алма (alma)\n***** Karakalpak: алма\n***** Nogai: алма (alma)\n**** East Kipchak:\n***** Kyrgyz: алма (alma)\n***** Southern Altai: алама (alama), алма (alma)" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "trk-pro", "2": "sa", "3": "अम्ल", "t": "sour" }, "expansion": "Sanskrit अम्ल (amla, “sour”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "trk-pro", "2": "sa", "3": "अमल", "t": "immaculate, white, shining; emblic, amla" }, "expansion": "Sanskrit अमल (amala, “immaculate, white, shining; emblic, amla”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "trk-pro", "2": "ira" }, "expansion": "Iranian", "name": "bor" }, { "args": { "1": "ar", "2": "أَمْلَج" }, "expansion": "Arabic أَمْلَج (ʔamlaj)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "trk-pro", "2": "sa", "3": "आम्र", "t": "mango" }, "expansion": "Sanskrit आम्र (āmra, “mango”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "ar", "2": "أَنْبَج" }, "expansion": "Arabic أَنْبَج (ʔanbaj)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "trk-pro", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₂ébōl" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "apple" }, "expansion": "English apple", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "malum" }, "expansion": "Latin malum", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "μῆλον", "t": "apple" }, "expansion": "Ancient Greek μῆλον (mêlon, “apple”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "Several possibilities:\n* From Sanskrit अम्ल (amla, “sour”), but its plant name usage is for wood-sorrel.\n* From Sanskrit अमल (amala, “immaculate, white, shining; emblic, amla”), आमलक (āmalaka), आमलकी (āmalakī, “emblic”), widely passed into Iranian and via Arabic أَمْلَج (ʔamlaj) into European.\n* From Sanskrit आम्र (āmra, “mango”), also widely passed, but reflects instead with -mb-, exemplarily Arabic أَنْبَج (ʔanbaj).\n* Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl, the same root whence also English apple, with the immediate source perhaps being Tocharian .\n* From *āl + Latin malum.\n* From *a(ː)lima, from *almïla, as attested in Karakhanid, in turn possibly cognate with Ancient Greek μῆλον (mêlon, “apple”).", "forms": [ { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "trk-cmn-decl-noun", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "alma", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "almalar", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "almanïŋ", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "almalarnïŋ", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "almaka", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "almalarka", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "almada", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "almalarda", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "locative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "almadan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "almalardan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "almalarïn", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] }, { "form": "almača", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "equative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "almalarča", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "equative", "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "trk-pro", "2": "noun" }, "expansion": "*alma", "name": "head" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "a" }, "name": "trk-cmn-decl-noun" } ], "lang": "Proto-Turkic", "lang_code": "trk-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/alma", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Proto-Common Turkic", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "apple" ], "id": "en-alma-trk-pro-noun-OnvT4jYK", "links": [ [ "apple", "apple" ] ], "qualifier": "Common Turkic", "raw_glosses": [ "(Common Turkic) apple" ], "tags": [ "reconstruction" ], "wikipedia": [ "Karakhanid" ] } ], "word": "alma" }
{ "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sog", "2": "𐼰𐼹𐼺𐼹𐼴𐼸𐼿", "bor": "1", "der": "1" }, "expansion": "→⇒ Sogdian: 𐼰𐼹𐼺𐼹𐼴𐼸𐼿 (ʾδmδwkc)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "→⇒ Sogdian: 𐼰𐼹𐼺𐼹𐼴𐼸𐼿 (ʾδmδwkc)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "trk-ogz-pro", "2": "*alma" }, "expansion": "Proto-Oghuz: *alma", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "trk-oat", "2": "آلْمَا", "tr": "alma" }, "expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish: آلْمَا (alma)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "az", "2": "alma" }, "expansion": "Azerbaijani: alma", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "gag", "2": "alma" }, "expansion": "Gagauz: alma", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "ota", "2": "الما" }, "expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: الما, آلما (alma)\nTurkish: elma\n→ Middle Armenian: Էլմա (Ēlma)", "name": "desctree" }, { "args": { "1": "tk", "2": "alma" }, "expansion": "Turkmen: alma", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "xqa", "2": "اَلْما", "tr": "alma" }, "expansion": "Karakhanid: اَلْما (alma)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "zkh", "2": "الما", "tr": "alma" }, "expansion": "Khorezmian Turkic: الما (alma)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "chg", "2": "الما", "tr": "alma" }, "expansion": "Chagatai: الما (alma)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "uz", "2": "olma" }, "expansion": "Uzbek: olma", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "ug", "2": "ئالما" }, "expansion": "Uyghur: ئالما (alma)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "hu", "2": "alma", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ Hungarian: alma", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "xsv", "2": "ałm", "bor": "1", "unc": "1" }, "expansion": "→? Sudovian: ałm", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "qwm-mam", "2": "الما", "tr": "alma" }, "expansion": "Mamluk-Kipchak: الما (alma)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "ba", "2": "алма" }, "expansion": "Bashkir: алма (alma)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "tt", "2": "алма" }, "expansion": "Tatar: алма (alma)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "cv", "2": "улма", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ Chuvash: улма (ulma)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "likely" }, "expansion": "(likely)", "name": "q" }, { "args": { "1": "udm", "2": "улмо", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ Udmurt: улмо (ulmo)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "mrj", "2": "олма", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ Western Mari: олма (olma)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "mhr", "2": "олма", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ Eastern Mari: олма (olma)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "crh", "2": "alma" }, "expansion": "Crimean Tatar: alma", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "krc", "2": "алма" }, "expansion": "Karachay-Balkar: алма (alma)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "kum", "2": "алма" }, "expansion": "Kumyk: алма (alma)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "uum", "2": "алма" }, "expansion": "Urum: алма", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "kk", "2": "алма" }, "expansion": "Kazakh: алма (alma)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "kaa", "2": "алма" }, "expansion": "Karakalpak: алма", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "nog", "2": "алма" }, "expansion": "Nogai: алма (alma)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "ky", "2": "алма" }, "expansion": "Kyrgyz: алма (alma)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "alt", "2": "алама", "3": "алма" }, "expansion": "Southern Altai: алама (alama), алма (alma)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Common Turkic:\n** Proto-Oghuz: *alma\n*** West Oghuz:\n**** Old Anatolian Turkish: آلْمَا (alma)\n***** Azerbaijani: alma\n***** Gagauz: alma\n***** Ottoman Turkish: الما, آلما (alma)\nTurkish: elma\n→ Middle Armenian: Էլմա (Ēlma)\n*** East Oghuz:\n**** Turkmen: alma\n** Karluk:\n*** Karakhanid: اَلْما (alma)\n**** Khorezmian Turkic: الما (alma)\n***** Chagatai: الما (alma)\n****** Uzbek: olma\n****** Uyghur: ئالما (alma)\n** Kipchak:\n*** Cuman-Kipchak:\n**** → Hungarian: alma\n**** →? Sudovian: ałm\n*** Mamluk-Kipchak: الما (alma)\n**** North Kipchak:\n***** Bashkir: алма (alma)\n***** Tatar: алма (alma)\n****** → Chuvash: улма (ulma) (likely)\n****** → Udmurt: улмо (ulmo)\n****** → Western Mari: олма (olma)\n****** → Eastern Mari: олма (olma)\n**** West Kipchak:\n***** Crimean Tatar: alma\n***** Karachay-Balkar: алма (alma)\n***** Kumyk: алма (alma)\n***** Urum: алма\n**** South Kipchak:\n***** Kazakh: алма (alma)\n***** Karakalpak: алма\n***** Nogai: алма (alma)\n**** East Kipchak:\n***** Kyrgyz: алма (alma)\n***** Southern Altai: алама (alama), алма (alma)" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "trk-pro", "2": "sa", "3": "अम्ल", "t": "sour" }, "expansion": "Sanskrit अम्ल (amla, “sour”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "trk-pro", "2": "sa", "3": "अमल", "t": "immaculate, white, shining; emblic, amla" }, "expansion": "Sanskrit अमल (amala, “immaculate, white, shining; emblic, amla”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "trk-pro", "2": "ira" }, "expansion": "Iranian", "name": "bor" }, { "args": { "1": "ar", "2": "أَمْلَج" }, "expansion": "Arabic أَمْلَج (ʔamlaj)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "trk-pro", "2": "sa", "3": "आम्र", "t": "mango" }, "expansion": "Sanskrit आम्र (āmra, “mango”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "ar", "2": "أَنْبَج" }, "expansion": "Arabic أَنْبَج (ʔanbaj)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "trk-pro", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₂ébōl" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "apple" }, "expansion": "English apple", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "malum" }, "expansion": "Latin malum", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "μῆλον", "t": "apple" }, "expansion": "Ancient Greek μῆλον (mêlon, “apple”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "Several possibilities:\n* From Sanskrit अम्ल (amla, “sour”), but its plant name usage is for wood-sorrel.\n* From Sanskrit अमल (amala, “immaculate, white, shining; emblic, amla”), आमलक (āmalaka), आमलकी (āmalakī, “emblic”), widely passed into Iranian and via Arabic أَمْلَج (ʔamlaj) into European.\n* From Sanskrit आम्र (āmra, “mango”), also widely passed, but reflects instead with -mb-, exemplarily Arabic أَنْبَج (ʔanbaj).\n* Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl, the same root whence also English apple, with the immediate source perhaps being Tocharian .\n* From *āl + Latin malum.\n* From *a(ː)lima, from *almïla, as attested in Karakhanid, in turn possibly cognate with Ancient Greek μῆλον (mêlon, “apple”).", "forms": [ { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "trk-cmn-decl-noun", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "alma", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "almalar", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "almanïŋ", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "almalarnïŋ", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "almaka", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "almalarka", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "almada", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "almalarda", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "locative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "almadan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "almalardan", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "almalarïn", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] }, { "form": "almača", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "equative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "almalarča", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "equative", "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "trk-pro", "2": "noun" }, "expansion": "*alma", "name": "head" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "a" }, "name": "trk-cmn-decl-noun" } ], "lang": "Proto-Turkic", "lang_code": "trk-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/alma", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Proto-Common Turkic", "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header", "Proto-Turkic lemmas", "Proto-Turkic nouns", "trk-pro:Fruits" ], "glosses": [ "apple" ], "links": [ [ "apple", "apple" ] ], "qualifier": "Common Turkic", "raw_glosses": [ "(Common Turkic) apple" ], "tags": [ "reconstruction" ], "wikipedia": [ "Karakhanid" ] } ], "word": "alma" }
Download raw JSONL data for alma meaning in Proto-Turkic (8.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Turkic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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