See adak in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "⇒ *adak-la-"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Anatri Chuvash",
"lang_code": "cv",
"roman": "ora",
"word": "ора"
},
{
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"lang_code": "cv",
"roman": "ura",
"word": "ура"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Chuvash",
"lang_code": "cv",
"word": "*ora"
}
],
"lang": "Old Chuvash",
"lang_code": "cv",
"word": "*åza"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Bulgar",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"word": "*åδa"
}
],
"lang": "Oghur",
"lang_code": "und",
"word": "*aδaγ"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Common Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
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},
{
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{
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}
],
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"lang_code": "klj"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
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},
{
"descendants": [
{
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"word": "ayak"
},
{
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"word": "ayak"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "ayax",
"word": "այախ"
}
],
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}
],
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},
{
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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"word": "ayak"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "ayax",
"word": "այախ"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "ayak",
"word": "آیاق"
}
],
"lang": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"lang_code": "trk-oat",
"roman": "adaq",
"word": "اداق"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
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},
{
"descendants": [
{
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"word": "ayak"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "ayak"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "ayax",
"word": "այախ"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "ayak",
"word": "آیاق"
}
],
"lang": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"lang_code": "trk-oat",
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"word": "آیاق"
}
],
"lang": "West Oghuz",
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},
{
"lang": "Salar",
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"word": "ayaq"
},
{
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"word": "aýak"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Oghuz",
"lang_code": "trk-ogz-pro",
"word": "*ayak"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
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{
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"word": "ئاياق"
},
{
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
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}
],
"lang": "Chagatai",
"lang_code": "chg",
"roman": "ayaq",
"word": "آیاق"
},
{
"descendants": [
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},
{
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"word": "ئاياق"
},
{
"lang": "Uyghur",
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"word": "ئاياغ"
}
],
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"lang_code": "chg",
"roman": "ayağ",
"word": "آیاغ"
}
],
"lang": "Khorezmian Turkic",
"lang_code": "zkh",
"roman": "aδaq",
"word": "ازق"
},
{
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{
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"word": "ئاياق"
},
{
"lang": "Uyghur",
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"roman": "ayagh",
"word": "ئاياغ"
}
],
"lang": "Chagatai",
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"word": "آیاق"
},
{
"descendants": [
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"lang_code": "uz",
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},
{
"lang": "Uyghur",
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"roman": "ayaq",
"word": "ئاياق"
},
{
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
"roman": "ayagh",
"word": "ئاياغ"
}
],
"lang": "Chagatai",
"lang_code": "chg",
"roman": "ayağ",
"word": "آیاغ"
}
],
"lang": "Khorezmian Turkic",
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"roman": "ayaq",
"word": "ایق"
}
],
"lang": "Karakhanid",
"lang_code": "xqa",
"roman": "aδaq",
"word": "اَذَقْ"
}
],
"lang": "Karluk",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Mamluk-Kipchak",
"lang_code": "qwm",
"roman": "ayaq",
"word": "ايق"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"roman": "aźaq",
"sense": "end; then",
"word": "аҙаҡ"
},
{
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"roman": "ayaq",
"sense": "leg",
"word": "аяҡ"
},
{
"lang": "Tatar",
"lang_code": "tt",
"roman": "ayak",
"word": "аяк"
}
],
"lang": "Kipchak-Bulgar",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"lang_code": "crh",
"word": "ayaq"
},
{
"lang": "Karachay-Balkar",
"lang_code": "krc",
"roman": "ayaq",
"word": "аякъ"
},
{
"lang": "Kumyk",
"lang_code": "kum",
"roman": "ayaq",
"word": "аякъ"
}
],
"lang": "Kipchak-Cuman",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "aäq",
"word": "аяқ"
},
{
"lang": "Karakalpak",
"lang_code": "kaa",
"word": "ayaq"
},
{
"lang": "Nogai",
"lang_code": "nog",
"roman": "ayak",
"word": "аяк"
}
],
"lang": "Kipchak-Nogai",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
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"roman": "ayak",
"word": "аяк"
},
{
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"lang_code": "alt",
"roman": "ayak",
"word": "айак"
}
],
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"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Kipchak",
"lang_code": "qwm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Mongolic",
"lang_code": "xgn-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*adag"
},
{
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"roman": "adaq",
"word": "𐰑𐰴"
},
{
"descendants": [
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"lang_code": "ybe",
"word": "azaq"
}
],
"lang": "Old Uyghur",
"lang_code": "oui",
"roman": "ʾʾdʾq",
"word": "𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽲"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dolgan",
"lang_code": "dlg",
"roman": "atak",
"word": "атак"
},
{
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah",
"roman": "ataq",
"word": "атах"
}
],
"lang": "North Siberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tuvan",
"lang_code": "tyv",
"roman": "adak",
"word": "адак"
}
],
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"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Khakas",
"lang_code": "kjh",
"roman": "azax",
"word": "азах"
},
{
"lang": "Shor",
"lang_code": "cjs",
"roman": "azaq",
"word": "азақ"
}
],
"lang": "Yeniseian Turkic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "South Siberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Siberian Turkic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₁ey-",
"t": "to go"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to go”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "바닥"
},
"expansion": "Korean 바닥 (badak)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Usually considered to be simplex, however some theories have been proposed:\n# Németh and some other linguists derive it from *āt- (“to take a step”).\n# Nişanyan suggests a derivation from *ad- (“to separate”), however states that the morphology is not very obvious as there is no deverbal noun forming *-ak suffix.\n# Hamilton puts forth the possibility of being derived from *yād- (“to spread”).\nSevortyan's attempt at relating it with Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to go”) and Räsänen's attempt to link it with Korean 바닥 (badak) are unfounded.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "adak",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hadak",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "adak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "adakïg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "adaknï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "adaknïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "adakka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "adakda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "adakdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "adakgaru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "adakïn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "adakča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "adaklayu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "adaklïgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun",
"head2": "*hadak"
},
"expansion": "*adak or *hadak",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/adak",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"foot"
],
"id": "en-adak-trk-pro-noun-IuT2kSpp",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"foot",
"foot"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) foot"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 94",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 95",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the end of something"
],
"id": "en-adak-trk-pro-noun-jZNk9h8v",
"links": [
[
"end",
"end"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) the end of something"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "adak"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic nouns"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "⇒ *adak-la-"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Anatri Chuvash",
"lang_code": "cv",
"roman": "ora",
"word": "ора"
},
{
"lang": "Viryal Chuvash",
"lang_code": "cv",
"roman": "ura",
"word": "ура"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Chuvash",
"lang_code": "cv",
"word": "*ora"
}
],
"lang": "Old Chuvash",
"lang_code": "cv",
"word": "*åza"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Bulgar",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"word": "*åδa"
}
],
"lang": "Oghur",
"lang_code": "und",
"word": "*aδaγ"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Common Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"word": "*adak"
},
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"word": "hadaq"
}
],
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"lang_code": "klj"
},
{
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{
"descendants": [
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"descendants": [
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"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "ayaq"
},
{
"descendants": [
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"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "ayak"
},
{
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"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "ayak"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "ayax",
"word": "այախ"
}
],
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"roman": "ayak",
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}
],
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},
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},
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"borrowed"
],
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}
],
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"roman": "ayak",
"word": "آیاق"
}
],
"lang": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"lang_code": "trk-oat",
"roman": "adaq",
"word": "اداق"
},
{
"descendants": [
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"word": "ayaq"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
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"word": "ayak"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "ayak"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "ayax",
"word": "այախ"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "ayak",
"word": "آیاق"
}
],
"lang": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"lang_code": "trk-oat",
"roman": "ayaq",
"word": "آیاق"
}
],
"lang": "West Oghuz",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Salar",
"lang_code": "slr",
"word": "ayaq"
},
{
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"word": "aýak"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Oghuz",
"lang_code": "trk-ogz-pro",
"word": "*ayak"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
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},
{
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"roman": "ayaq",
"word": "ئاياق"
},
{
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
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],
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"word": "آیاق"
},
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"word": "ئاياق"
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"lang": "Uyghur",
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}
],
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"word": "آیاغ"
}
],
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"word": "ازق"
},
{
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"roman": "ayaq",
"word": "ئاياق"
},
{
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
"roman": "ayagh",
"word": "ئاياغ"
}
],
"lang": "Chagatai",
"lang_code": "chg",
"roman": "ayaq",
"word": "آیاق"
},
{
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"lang_code": "uz",
"word": "oyoq"
},
{
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
"roman": "ayaq",
"word": "ئاياق"
},
{
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
"roman": "ayagh",
"word": "ئاياغ"
}
],
"lang": "Chagatai",
"lang_code": "chg",
"roman": "ayağ",
"word": "آیاغ"
}
],
"lang": "Khorezmian Turkic",
"lang_code": "zkh",
"roman": "ayaq",
"word": "ایق"
}
],
"lang": "Karakhanid",
"lang_code": "xqa",
"roman": "aδaq",
"word": "اَذَقْ"
}
],
"lang": "Karluk",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
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{
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"lang_code": "qwm",
"roman": "ayaq",
"word": "ايق"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"roman": "aźaq",
"sense": "end; then",
"word": "аҙаҡ"
},
{
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"roman": "ayaq",
"sense": "leg",
"word": "аяҡ"
},
{
"lang": "Tatar",
"lang_code": "tt",
"roman": "ayak",
"word": "аяк"
}
],
"lang": "Kipchak-Bulgar",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"lang_code": "crh",
"word": "ayaq"
},
{
"lang": "Karachay-Balkar",
"lang_code": "krc",
"roman": "ayaq",
"word": "аякъ"
},
{
"lang": "Kumyk",
"lang_code": "kum",
"roman": "ayaq",
"word": "аякъ"
}
],
"lang": "Kipchak-Cuman",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "aäq",
"word": "аяқ"
},
{
"lang": "Karakalpak",
"lang_code": "kaa",
"word": "ayaq"
},
{
"lang": "Nogai",
"lang_code": "nog",
"roman": "ayak",
"word": "аяк"
}
],
"lang": "Kipchak-Nogai",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "ayak",
"word": "аяк"
},
{
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"lang_code": "alt",
"roman": "ayak",
"word": "айак"
}
],
"lang": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Kipchak",
"lang_code": "qwm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Mongolic",
"lang_code": "xgn-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*adag"
},
{
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"roman": "adaq",
"word": "𐰑𐰴"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Western Yugur",
"lang_code": "ybe",
"word": "azaq"
}
],
"lang": "Old Uyghur",
"lang_code": "oui",
"roman": "ʾʾdʾq",
"word": "𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽲"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dolgan",
"lang_code": "dlg",
"roman": "atak",
"word": "атак"
},
{
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah",
"roman": "ataq",
"word": "атах"
}
],
"lang": "North Siberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tuvan",
"lang_code": "tyv",
"roman": "adak",
"word": "адак"
}
],
"lang": "Sayan Turkic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Khakas",
"lang_code": "kjh",
"roman": "azax",
"word": "азах"
},
{
"lang": "Shor",
"lang_code": "cjs",
"roman": "azaq",
"word": "азақ"
}
],
"lang": "Yeniseian Turkic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "South Siberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Siberian Turkic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₁ey-",
"t": "to go"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to go”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "바닥"
},
"expansion": "Korean 바닥 (badak)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Usually considered to be simplex, however some theories have been proposed:\n# Németh and some other linguists derive it from *āt- (“to take a step”).\n# Nişanyan suggests a derivation from *ad- (“to separate”), however states that the morphology is not very obvious as there is no deverbal noun forming *-ak suffix.\n# Hamilton puts forth the possibility of being derived from *yād- (“to spread”).\nSevortyan's attempt at relating it with Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to go”) and Räsänen's attempt to link it with Korean 바닥 (badak) are unfounded.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "adak",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hadak",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "adak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "adakïg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "adaknï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "adaknïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "adakka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "adakda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "adakdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "adakgaru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "adakïn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "adakča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "adaklayu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "adaklïgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun",
"head2": "*hadak"
},
"expansion": "*adak or *hadak",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/adak",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"trk-pro:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"foot"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"foot",
"foot"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) foot"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the end of something"
],
"links": [
[
"end",
"end"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) the end of something"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "adak"
}
Download raw JSONL data for adak meaning in Proto-Turkic (9.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Turkic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.