See abïčga in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Common Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-ogz-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Oghuz:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Oghuz::"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "عموجه",
"tr": "amuca"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: عموجه (amuca), عمجه (ʼamca), عمیجه (ʼamıca)\nTurkish: amca\n→ Armenian: ամուճա (amuča)\n→ Bulgarian: аму́джа (amúdža)\n→ Serbo-Croatian: а̀миџа / àmidža",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: عموجه (amuca), عمجه (ʼamca), عمیجه (ʼamıca)\nTurkish: amca\n→ Armenian: ամուճա (amuča)\n→ Bulgarian: аму́джа (amúdža)\n→ Serbo-Croatian: а̀миџа / àmidža"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "Abuşka",
"3": "abuş",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Turkish: Abuşka, abuş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Turkish: Abuşka, abuş"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"tr": "avıçğa"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: [script needed] (avıçğa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: [script needed] (avıçğa)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chg",
"tr": "avuşka"
},
"expansion": "Chagatai: [script needed] (avuşka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chagatai: [script needed] (avuşka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "абышҡа"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: абышҡа (abışqa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: абышҡа (abışqa)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "упӑшка",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Chuvash: упӑшка (up̬ăška)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Chuvash: упӑшка (up̬ăška)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "абышка"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: абышка (abışka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: абышка (abışka)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "абышка"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: абышка (abïška)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: абышка (abïška)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "𐽰𐽰𐽼𐽳𐽽𐽲𐽰",
"3": "𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰",
"4": "𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽲𐽰",
"tr1": "abučɣa",
"tr2": "avïčɣa",
"tr3": "avïnčɣa"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽰𐽼𐽳𐽽𐽲𐽰 (abučɣa), 𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰 (avïčɣa), 𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽲𐽰 (avïnčɣa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽰𐽼𐽳𐽽𐽲𐽰 (abučɣa), 𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰 (avïčɣa), 𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽲𐽰 (avïnčɣa)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sayan Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "ашак"
},
"expansion": "Tuvan: ашак (aşak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tuvan: ашак (aşak)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yeniseian Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "",
"tr": "abısqa"
},
"expansion": "Khakas: [script needed] (abısqa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khakas: [script needed] (abısqa)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*abïč",
"3": "*-ge",
"alt2": "*-ga",
"t1": "an obscure root"
},
"expansion": "*abïč (“an obscure root”) + *-ga",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*apa",
"3": "*-ča",
"t1": "elderly male relative",
"t2": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "*apa (“elderly male relative”) + *-ča (“diminutive suffix”)",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. However over the years multiple theories have risen:\n* Clauson suggests a derivation *abïč (“an obscure root”) + *-ga.\n* Nishanyan suggets a derivation *apa (“elderly male relative”) + *-ča (“diminutive suffix”), however note that the suffix was borrowed from Persians at a later date.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "trk-cmn-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "abïčga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abïčgalar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abïčganïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abïčgalarnïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abïčgaka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abïčgalarka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abïčgada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abïčgalarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abïčgadan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abïčgalardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abïčgalarïn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abïčgača",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abïčgalarča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*abïčga",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a"
},
"name": "trk-cmn-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/abïčga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Uyghur terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an elderly relative; husband, old man, foster-mother, elder sister, uncle etc."
],
"id": "en-abïčga-trk-pro-noun-5AZqmkyL",
"links": [
[
"husband",
"husband"
],
[
"old man",
"old man"
],
[
"foster",
"foster"
],
[
"mother",
"mother"
],
[
"elder sister",
"elder sister"
],
[
"uncle",
"uncle"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "abïčga"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Common Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-ogz-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Oghuz:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Oghuz::"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "عموجه",
"tr": "amuca"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: عموجه (amuca), عمجه (ʼamca), عمیجه (ʼamıca)\nTurkish: amca\n→ Armenian: ամուճա (amuča)\n→ Bulgarian: аму́джа (amúdža)\n→ Serbo-Croatian: а̀миџа / àmidža",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: عموجه (amuca), عمجه (ʼamca), عمیجه (ʼamıca)\nTurkish: amca\n→ Armenian: ամուճա (amuča)\n→ Bulgarian: аму́джа (amúdža)\n→ Serbo-Croatian: а̀миџа / àmidža"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "Abuşka",
"3": "abuş",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Turkish: Abuşka, abuş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Turkish: Abuşka, abuş"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"tr": "avıçğa"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: [script needed] (avıçğa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: [script needed] (avıçğa)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chg",
"tr": "avuşka"
},
"expansion": "Chagatai: [script needed] (avuşka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chagatai: [script needed] (avuşka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "абышҡа"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: абышҡа (abışqa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: абышҡа (abışqa)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "упӑшка",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Chuvash: упӑшка (up̬ăška)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Chuvash: упӑшка (up̬ăška)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "абышка"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: абышка (abışka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: абышка (abışka)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "абышка"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: абышка (abïška)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: абышка (abïška)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "𐽰𐽰𐽼𐽳𐽽𐽲𐽰",
"3": "𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰",
"4": "𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽲𐽰",
"tr1": "abučɣa",
"tr2": "avïčɣa",
"tr3": "avïnčɣa"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽰𐽼𐽳𐽽𐽲𐽰 (abučɣa), 𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰 (avïčɣa), 𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽲𐽰 (avïnčɣa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽰𐽼𐽳𐽽𐽲𐽰 (abučɣa), 𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰 (avïčɣa), 𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽲𐽰 (avïnčɣa)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sayan Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "ашак"
},
"expansion": "Tuvan: ашак (aşak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tuvan: ашак (aşak)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yeniseian Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "",
"tr": "abısqa"
},
"expansion": "Khakas: [script needed] (abısqa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khakas: [script needed] (abısqa)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*abïč",
"3": "*-ge",
"alt2": "*-ga",
"t1": "an obscure root"
},
"expansion": "*abïč (“an obscure root”) + *-ga",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*apa",
"3": "*-ča",
"t1": "elderly male relative",
"t2": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "*apa (“elderly male relative”) + *-ča (“diminutive suffix”)",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. However over the years multiple theories have risen:\n* Clauson suggests a derivation *abïč (“an obscure root”) + *-ga.\n* Nishanyan suggets a derivation *apa (“elderly male relative”) + *-ča (“diminutive suffix”), however note that the suffix was borrowed from Persians at a later date.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "trk-cmn-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "abïčga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abïčgalar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abïčganïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abïčgalarnïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abïčgaka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abïčgalarka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abïčgada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abïčgalarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abïčgadan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abïčgalardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abïčgalarïn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abïčgača",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abïčgalarča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*abïčga",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a"
},
"name": "trk-cmn-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/abïčga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Uyghur terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic nouns",
"Proto-Turkic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Requests for native script for Chagatai terms",
"Requests for native script for Karakhanid terms",
"Requests for native script for Khakas terms"
],
"glosses": [
"an elderly relative; husband, old man, foster-mother, elder sister, uncle etc."
],
"links": [
[
"husband",
"husband"
],
[
"old man",
"old man"
],
[
"foster",
"foster"
],
[
"mother",
"mother"
],
[
"elder sister",
"elder sister"
],
[
"uncle",
"uncle"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "abïčga"
}
Download raw JSONL data for abïčga meaning in Proto-Turkic (6.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Turkic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.