See vina in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "вина"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: вина (vina)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: вина (vina)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "вина"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: вина (vina)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: вина (vina)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "віна́"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: віна́ (viná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: віна́ (viná)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "вина́"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: вина́ (vyná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: вина́ (vyná)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "вина́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: вина́ (viná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: вина́ (viná)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "вина"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: вина (vina)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: вина (vina)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "вина́"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: вина́ (viná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: вина́ (viná)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "вина"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: вина (vina)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: вина (vina)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "vina"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: vina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: vina"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "vina"
},
"expansion": "Czech: vina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: vina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "wina"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: wina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: wina"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "wina"
},
"expansion": "Polish: wina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: wina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-osk",
"2": "vina"
},
"expansion": "Old Slovak: vina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Slovak: vina"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"2": "вина"
},
"expansion": "Pannonian Rusyn: вина (vina)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pannonian Rusyn: вина (vina)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "vina"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: vina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: vina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "wina"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: wina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: wina"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "wina"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: wina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: wina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Non-Slavic"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "vină",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: vină",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: vină"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*wīˀtei",
"4": "",
"5": "to persecute"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *wīˀtei (“to persecute”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-na"
},
"expansion": "*-na",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*weyh₁-",
"4": "",
"5": "to rush, to hunt, to chase"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁- (“to rush, to hunt, to chase”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vindex",
"3": "",
"4": "protector, vindicator"
},
"expansion": "Latin vindex (“protector, vindicator”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "vaĩna",
"3": "",
"4": "guilt"
},
"expansion": "Latvian vaĩna (“guilt”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "vainà",
"3": "",
"4": "guilt"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian vainà (“guilt”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Fossilized verbal noun of otherwise obsolete Proto-Balto-Slavic *wīˀtei (“to persecute”) + *-na, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁- (“to rush, to hunt, to chase”); compare Latin vindex (“protector, vindicator”). Akin to Latvian vaĩna (“guilt”), Lithuanian vainà (“guilt”) (with o-grade ablaut).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vinà",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "vinà",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vȋně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "vȋny",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viný",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vinù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "vĩnъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vině̀",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vinàma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vinàmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vȋnǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vȋně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vȋny",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vinojǫ́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vinàma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "vinàmi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vȋně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vinù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "vinàsъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vinàxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vino",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vȋně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vȋny",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "c"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vina",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-na",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "nevinьnъ"
},
{
"word": "vinьnъ"
},
{
"word": "vinovьnъ"
},
{
"word": "viniti"
},
{
"word": "vinovati"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fault, guilt, blame"
],
"id": "en-vina-sla-pro-noun-bbfdPC74",
"links": [
[
"fault",
"fault"
],
[
"guilt",
"guilt"
],
[
"blame",
"blame"
]
],
"related": [
{
"topics": [
"war",
"politics",
"government"
],
"word": "vojьna"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov"
]
}
],
"word": "vina"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "nevinьnъ"
},
{
"word": "vinьnъ"
},
{
"word": "vinovьnъ"
},
{
"word": "viniti"
},
{
"word": "vinovati"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "вина"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: вина (vina)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: вина (vina)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "вина"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: вина (vina)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: вина (vina)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "віна́"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: віна́ (viná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: віна́ (viná)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "вина́"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: вина́ (vyná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: вина́ (vyná)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "вина́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: вина́ (viná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: вина́ (viná)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "вина"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: вина (vina)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: вина (vina)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "вина́"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: вина́ (viná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: вина́ (viná)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "вина"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: вина (vina)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: вина (vina)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "vina"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: vina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: vina"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "vina"
},
"expansion": "Czech: vina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: vina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "wina"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: wina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: wina"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "wina"
},
"expansion": "Polish: wina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: wina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-osk",
"2": "vina"
},
"expansion": "Old Slovak: vina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Slovak: vina"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"2": "вина"
},
"expansion": "Pannonian Rusyn: вина (vina)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pannonian Rusyn: вина (vina)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "vina"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: vina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: vina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "wina"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: wina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: wina"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "wina"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: wina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: wina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Non-Slavic"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "vină",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: vină",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: vină"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*wīˀtei",
"4": "",
"5": "to persecute"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *wīˀtei (“to persecute”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-na"
},
"expansion": "*-na",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*weyh₁-",
"4": "",
"5": "to rush, to hunt, to chase"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁- (“to rush, to hunt, to chase”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vindex",
"3": "",
"4": "protector, vindicator"
},
"expansion": "Latin vindex (“protector, vindicator”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "vaĩna",
"3": "",
"4": "guilt"
},
"expansion": "Latvian vaĩna (“guilt”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "vainà",
"3": "",
"4": "guilt"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian vainà (“guilt”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Fossilized verbal noun of otherwise obsolete Proto-Balto-Slavic *wīˀtei (“to persecute”) + *-na, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁- (“to rush, to hunt, to chase”); compare Latin vindex (“protector, vindicator”). Akin to Latvian vaĩna (“guilt”), Lithuanian vainà (“guilt”) (with o-grade ablaut).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vinà",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "vinà",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vȋně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "vȋny",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viný",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vinù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "vĩnъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vině̀",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vinàma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vinàmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vȋnǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vȋně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vȋny",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vinojǫ́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vinàma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "vinàmi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vȋně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vinù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "vinàsъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vinàxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vino",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vȋně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vȋny",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "c"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vina",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"topics": [
"war",
"politics",
"government"
],
"word": "vojьna"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-na"
],
"glosses": [
"fault, guilt, blame"
],
"links": [
[
"fault",
"fault"
],
[
"guilt",
"guilt"
],
[
"blame",
"blame"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov"
]
}
],
"word": "vina"
}
Download raw JSONL data for vina meaning in Proto-Slavic (7.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (58c391d and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.