"vapa" meaning in Proto-Slavic

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "вапа"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: вапа (vapa)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: вапа (vapa)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "ва́па",
            "t": "lake"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: ва́па (vápa, “lake”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: ва́па (vápa, “lake”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "ва́па",
            "t": "boggy place"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: ва́па (vápa, “boggy place”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: ва́па (vápa, “boggy place”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "вапа"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: вапа (vapa)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic: вапа (vapa)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "ва́па",
            "3": "въ́па",
            "t2": "depression, sinkhole"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: ва́па (vápa), въ́па (vǎ́pa, “depression, sinkhole”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: ва́па (vápa), въ́па (vǎ́pa, “depression, sinkhole”) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "vápa",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": "puddle"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: vápa (“puddle”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vápa",
            "t": "puddle"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: vápa (“puddle”) (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "colloquial"
          },
          "expansion": "(colloquial)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: vápa (“puddle”) (tonal orthography) (colloquial)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "iir-pro",
        "2": "*Hā́ps",
        "3": "",
        "4": "water"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps (“water”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*vatra",
        "3": "",
        "4": "fire, torch"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vatra (“fire, torch”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ira-pro",
        "2": "*HáHtr̥š",
        "3": "",
        "4": "fire"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Iranian *HáHtr̥š (“fire”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂ep-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*Opava"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *Opava",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hydronym",
        "2": "attested as Opava in modern Czechia"
      },
      "expansion": "(hydronym, attested as Opava in modern Czechia)",
      "name": "q"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prg",
        "2": "apē",
        "3": "",
        "4": "river"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Prussian apē (“river”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "ùpė",
        "3": "",
        "4": "river"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian ùpė (“river”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "upe",
        "3": "",
        "4": "river"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian upe (“river”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xsv",
        "2": "upa",
        "3": "",
        "4": "river"
      },
      "expansion": "Sudovian upa (“river”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*wṓps"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *wṓps",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "वापी",
        "t": "pond, pool",
        "tr": "vā́pī"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit वापी (vā́pī, “pond, pool”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hit",
        "2": "",
        "3": "",
        "4": "riverbank",
        "tr": "wappu-"
      },
      "expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (wappu-, “riverbank”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gen."
      },
      "expansion": "gen.",
      "name": "smallcaps"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "Вопь",
        "3": "",
        "4": "Vop river"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian Вопь (Vopʹ, “Vop river”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prg",
        "2": "wupyan",
        "3": "",
        "4": "cloud"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Prussian wupyan (“cloud”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ira-pro",
        "2": "*wafrah",
        "3": "",
        "4": "snow"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Iranian *wafrah (“snow”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*weh₂p-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *weh₂p-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₂we-",
        "3": "*h₂ep-",
        "nocat": "1",
        "t1": "away, off"
      },
      "expansion": "*h₂we- (“away, off”) + *h₂ep-",
      "name": "compound"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Disputed:\n* Considered a loanword by early scholars, possibly borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps (“water”) with prothetic *v- due to word-initial sandhi (similar to Proto-Slavic *vatra (“fire, torch”) < Proto-Iranian *HáHtr̥š (“fire”)). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-, whence native Proto-Slavic *Opava (hydronym, attested as Opava in modern Czechia), Old Prussian apē (“river”), possibly also *opica (“monkey”).\n* More likely inherited (Trautmann, Vasmer), cognate with Lithuanian ùpė (“river”), Latvian upe (“river”), Sudovian upa (“river”), perhaps from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wṓps ~ *upís. Further akin to Sanskrit वापी (vā́pī, “pond, pool”) and probably Hittite [script needed] (wappu-, “riverbank”) (attested predominantly in gen. wappuwaš). Zero grade froms attested in dialectal Bulgarian and in toponyms - cf. Russian Вопь (Vopʹ, “Vop river”) < *Vъpь. In view of the Anatolian data, PIE origin could be from tentative *wep- (“to cast, to pour, to permeate”) (per Pokorny), whence also Old Prussian wupyan (“cloud”), Proto-Iranian *wafrah (“snow”). Mallory & Adams reconstruct instead Proto-Indo-European *weh₂p- for the Indo-Aryan data (formally incompatible with Hittite). On the later, Witczak suggests possible fossilized compound *h₂we- (“away, off”) + *h₂ep- originally conveying contrast: off + flowing water → stagnant water.\nIn either case, *vapa may have been a functional counterpart (originally, of common gender) to substantive *voda (originally, neuter).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapamъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapojǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapasъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapaxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vapa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "body of water (pool, pond, lake), standing water"
      ],
      "id": "en-vapa-sla-pro-noun-AOo0QfNn",
      "links": [
        [
          "body of water",
          "body of water"
        ],
        [
          "pool",
          "pool"
        ],
        [
          "pond",
          "pond"
        ],
        [
          "lake",
          "lake"
        ],
        [
          "standing",
          "standing"
        ],
        [
          "water",
          "water"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "vapa"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "вапа"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: вапа (vapa)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: вапа (vapa)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "ва́па"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: ва́па (vápa)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: ва́па (vápa)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*vapь",
        "3": "*-a",
        "t1": "dye"
      },
      "expansion": "*vapь (“dye”) + *-a",
      "name": "affix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Collective of *vapь (“dye”) + *-a. Possibly related to Etymology 1 (Preobražensky, Brückner, Snoj).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapamъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapojǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapasъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapaxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vapa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "dye",
          "word": "vapь"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "16 20 28 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "36 64",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 84",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of *vapь (“dye”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-vapa-sla-pro-noun-uNL2yriM",
      "links": [
        [
          "*vapь",
          "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vapь"
        ],
        [
          "dye",
          "dye"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "vapa"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
    "Proto-Slavic nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-a"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "вапа"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: вапа (vapa)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: вапа (vapa)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "ва́па",
            "t": "lake"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: ва́па (vápa, “lake”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: ва́па (vápa, “lake”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "ва́па",
            "t": "boggy place"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: ва́па (vápa, “boggy place”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: ва́па (vápa, “boggy place”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "вапа"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: вапа (vapa)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic: вапа (vapa)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "ва́па",
            "3": "въ́па",
            "t2": "depression, sinkhole"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: ва́па (vápa), въ́па (vǎ́pa, “depression, sinkhole”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: ва́па (vápa), въ́па (vǎ́pa, “depression, sinkhole”) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "vápa",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": "puddle"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: vápa (“puddle”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vápa",
            "t": "puddle"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: vápa (“puddle”) (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "colloquial"
          },
          "expansion": "(colloquial)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: vápa (“puddle”) (tonal orthography) (colloquial)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "iir-pro",
        "2": "*Hā́ps",
        "3": "",
        "4": "water"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps (“water”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*vatra",
        "3": "",
        "4": "fire, torch"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vatra (“fire, torch”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ira-pro",
        "2": "*HáHtr̥š",
        "3": "",
        "4": "fire"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Iranian *HáHtr̥š (“fire”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂ep-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*Opava"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *Opava",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hydronym",
        "2": "attested as Opava in modern Czechia"
      },
      "expansion": "(hydronym, attested as Opava in modern Czechia)",
      "name": "q"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prg",
        "2": "apē",
        "3": "",
        "4": "river"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Prussian apē (“river”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "ùpė",
        "3": "",
        "4": "river"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian ùpė (“river”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "upe",
        "3": "",
        "4": "river"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian upe (“river”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xsv",
        "2": "upa",
        "3": "",
        "4": "river"
      },
      "expansion": "Sudovian upa (“river”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*wṓps"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *wṓps",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "वापी",
        "t": "pond, pool",
        "tr": "vā́pī"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit वापी (vā́pī, “pond, pool”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hit",
        "2": "",
        "3": "",
        "4": "riverbank",
        "tr": "wappu-"
      },
      "expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (wappu-, “riverbank”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gen."
      },
      "expansion": "gen.",
      "name": "smallcaps"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "Вопь",
        "3": "",
        "4": "Vop river"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian Вопь (Vopʹ, “Vop river”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prg",
        "2": "wupyan",
        "3": "",
        "4": "cloud"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Prussian wupyan (“cloud”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ira-pro",
        "2": "*wafrah",
        "3": "",
        "4": "snow"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Iranian *wafrah (“snow”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*weh₂p-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *weh₂p-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₂we-",
        "3": "*h₂ep-",
        "nocat": "1",
        "t1": "away, off"
      },
      "expansion": "*h₂we- (“away, off”) + *h₂ep-",
      "name": "compound"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Disputed:\n* Considered a loanword by early scholars, possibly borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps (“water”) with prothetic *v- due to word-initial sandhi (similar to Proto-Slavic *vatra (“fire, torch”) < Proto-Iranian *HáHtr̥š (“fire”)). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-, whence native Proto-Slavic *Opava (hydronym, attested as Opava in modern Czechia), Old Prussian apē (“river”), possibly also *opica (“monkey”).\n* More likely inherited (Trautmann, Vasmer), cognate with Lithuanian ùpė (“river”), Latvian upe (“river”), Sudovian upa (“river”), perhaps from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wṓps ~ *upís. Further akin to Sanskrit वापी (vā́pī, “pond, pool”) and probably Hittite [script needed] (wappu-, “riverbank”) (attested predominantly in gen. wappuwaš). Zero grade froms attested in dialectal Bulgarian and in toponyms - cf. Russian Вопь (Vopʹ, “Vop river”) < *Vъpь. In view of the Anatolian data, PIE origin could be from tentative *wep- (“to cast, to pour, to permeate”) (per Pokorny), whence also Old Prussian wupyan (“cloud”), Proto-Iranian *wafrah (“snow”). Mallory & Adams reconstruct instead Proto-Indo-European *weh₂p- for the Indo-Aryan data (formally incompatible with Hittite). On the later, Witczak suggests possible fossilized compound *h₂we- (“away, off”) + *h₂ep- originally conveying contrast: off + flowing water → stagnant water.\nIn either case, *vapa may have been a functional counterpart (originally, of common gender) to substantive *voda (originally, neuter).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapamъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapojǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapasъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapaxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vapa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "sla-pro:Water"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "body of water (pool, pond, lake), standing water"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "body of water",
          "body of water"
        ],
        [
          "pool",
          "pool"
        ],
        [
          "pond",
          "pond"
        ],
        [
          "lake",
          "lake"
        ],
        [
          "standing",
          "standing"
        ],
        [
          "water",
          "water"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "vapa"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
    "Proto-Slavic nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-a"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "вапа"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: вапа (vapa)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: вапа (vapa)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "ва́па"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: ва́па (vápa)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: ва́па (vápa)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*vapь",
        "3": "*-a",
        "t1": "dye"
      },
      "expansion": "*vapь (“dye”) + *-a",
      "name": "affix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Collective of *vapь (“dye”) + *-a. Possibly related to Etymology 1 (Preobražensky, Brückner, Snoj).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapamъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapojǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapasъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapaxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vapy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vapa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "dye",
          "word": "vapь"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of *vapь (“dye”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "*vapь",
          "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vapь"
        ],
        [
          "dye",
          "dye"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "vapa"
}