See vьdova in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "udavá",
"word": "удава́"
},
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "ŭdavá",
"word": "ўдава́"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "vdová",
"word": "вдова́"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vdová",
"word": "вдова́"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "udová",
"word": "удова́"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "vŭdova",
"word": "въдова"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "vŭdova",
"word": "въдова"
},
{
"lang": "Glagolitic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "vŭdova",
"word": "ⰲⱏⰴⱁⰲⰰ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "у̀дова"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "udova"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "vdova"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "vdova"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "wdowa"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "gdowa"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "wdowa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "gdowa"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "wdowa"
}
],
"lang": "Pomeranian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "vdova"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "bdova"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "gdova"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "wudowa"
},
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "hudowa"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*widewāˀ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *widewāˀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*widewāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *widewāˀ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁widʰéwh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁widʰéwh₂",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "widdewū",
"t": "widow"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian widdewū (“widow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "विधवा",
"t": "widow"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit विधवा (vidhavā, “widow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἠΐθεος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἠΐθεος (ēḯtheos)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vidua",
"g": "f",
"t": "widow"
},
"expansion": "Latin vidua f (“widow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "fedb",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish fedb f",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉 f (widuwō)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "vidùs",
"t": "interior"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian vidùs (“interior”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dīvidō"
},
"expansion": "Latin dīvidō",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *widewāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁widʰéwh₂, possibly from *h₁weydʰh₁-.\nBaltic cognates include\nOld Prussian widdewū (“widow”).\nIndo-European cognates include\nSanskrit विधवा (vidhavā, “widow”), विधु (vidhùṣ),\nAncient Greek ἠΐθεος (ēḯtheos),\nLatin vidua f (“widow”), viduus,\nOld Irish fedb f,\nGothic 𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉 f (widuwō).\nAlso compare\nLithuanian vidùs (“interior”),\nLatin dīvidō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vьdovà",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdovà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdòvě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdovỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdovỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdovù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdòvъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdově̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdovàma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdovàmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdovǫ̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdòvě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdovỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdovòjǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdòvǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdovàma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdovàmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdově̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdovù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdovàsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdovàxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdovo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdòvě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdovỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vьdovà",
"ap": "b"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьdova",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "EDSIL without passage",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "vьdovica"
}
],
"glosses": [
"widow"
],
"id": "en-vьdova-sla-pro-noun-KEWQzwMR",
"links": [
[
"widow",
"widow"
]
],
"related": [
{
"sense": "*vьdovъ",
"word": "vьdovьcь"
},
{
"sense": "*vьdovъ",
"word": "vьdověti"
},
{
"sense": "*vьdovъ",
"word": "ovьdověti"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "vьdova"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "vьdovica"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "udavá",
"word": "удава́"
},
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "ŭdavá",
"word": "ўдава́"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "vdová",
"word": "вдова́"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vdová",
"word": "вдова́"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "udová",
"word": "удова́"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "vŭdova",
"word": "въдова"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "vŭdova",
"word": "въдова"
},
{
"lang": "Glagolitic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "vŭdova",
"word": "ⰲⱏⰴⱁⰲⰰ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "у̀дова"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "udova"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "vdova"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "vdova"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "wdowa"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "gdowa"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "wdowa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "gdowa"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "wdowa"
}
],
"lang": "Pomeranian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "vdova"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "bdova"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "gdova"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "wudowa"
},
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "hudowa"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*widewāˀ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *widewāˀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*widewāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *widewāˀ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁widʰéwh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁widʰéwh₂",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "widdewū",
"t": "widow"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian widdewū (“widow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "विधवा",
"t": "widow"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit विधवा (vidhavā, “widow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἠΐθεος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἠΐθεος (ēḯtheos)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vidua",
"g": "f",
"t": "widow"
},
"expansion": "Latin vidua f (“widow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "fedb",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish fedb f",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉 f (widuwō)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "vidùs",
"t": "interior"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian vidùs (“interior”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dīvidō"
},
"expansion": "Latin dīvidō",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *widewāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁widʰéwh₂, possibly from *h₁weydʰh₁-.\nBaltic cognates include\nOld Prussian widdewū (“widow”).\nIndo-European cognates include\nSanskrit विधवा (vidhavā, “widow”), विधु (vidhùṣ),\nAncient Greek ἠΐθεος (ēḯtheos),\nLatin vidua f (“widow”), viduus,\nOld Irish fedb f,\nGothic 𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉 f (widuwō).\nAlso compare\nLithuanian vidùs (“interior”),\nLatin dīvidō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vьdovà",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdovà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdòvě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdovỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdovỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdovù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdòvъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdově̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdovàma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdovàmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdovǫ̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdòvě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdovỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdovòjǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdòvǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdovàma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdovàmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdově̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdovù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdovàsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdovàxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdovo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdòvě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьdovỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vьdovà",
"ap": "b"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьdova",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"sense": "*vьdovъ",
"word": "vьdovьcь"
},
{
"sense": "*vьdovъ",
"word": "vьdověti"
},
{
"sense": "*vьdovъ",
"word": "ovьdověti"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"EDSIL without passage",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"sla-pro:People"
],
"glosses": [
"widow"
],
"links": [
[
"widow",
"widow"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "vьdova"
}
Download raw JSONL data for vьdova meaning in Proto-Slavic (7.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.