"utro" meaning in Proto-Slavic

See utro in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂ews- Proto-Indo-European *-r Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewsér Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Balto-Slavic *auštrā́ˀ Proto-Slavic *utro From Proto-Balto-Slavic *auštrā́ˀ (“dawn, morning”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewsér (“of the dawn or morning, matutinal; eastern”), from *h₂ews- (“dawn; east”). Baltic cognates include Lithuanian aušrà, dial. auštrà (“dawn”), Latvian àustra, aũstra (“dawn”). Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek αὔρᾱ (aúrā, “(esp. cool) breeze, fresh air of the morning”), Latin auster (“south wind”), Proto-Germanic *austrą (“east”), Proto-Germanic *Austrǭ (“Easter, springtime; name of a goddess”) (presumably from the goddess of the dawn, lust, fertility and spring, associated with the beginning of the year). A variant *jutro appears in West Slavic, Slovenian and Serbo-Croatian, and is also attested in Old Church Slavonic, but considered secondary; there are further Slavic lexemes that display an alternation *ju- in West and South Slavic vs. *u- in East Slavic. Variants with *(j)ustr- point to *ustr- < *usr-, the loss of -s- being either due to dissimilation or perhaps due to the law of open syllables, if the -s- was variably assigned to the end of the first syllable. According to Kortlandt, the acute on the root implies a zero-grade variant (which would have parallels in Sanskrit उ॒स्र (usrá, “reddish, ruddy, bright, matutinal”), उ॒स्रा (usrā́, “dawn, morning”)), which, however, is not attested. The intrusive -t- is regular in Proto-Slavic, compare *ostrъ, *strumy. Etymology templates: {{root|sla-pro|ine-pro|*h₂ews-|id=dawn}}, {{etymon|sla-pro|:inh|ine-bsl-pro:*auštrā́ˀ&lt;id:morning&gt;|id=morning|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂ews- Proto-Indo-European *-r Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewsér Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Balto-Slavic *auštrā́ˀ Proto-Slavic *utro [Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*utro", "lang" : "sla-pro" }" data-id="morning" data-lang="sla-pro" data-title="*utro" id="Proto-Slavic:_morning">, {{inh|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*auštrā́ˀ|gloss=dawn, morning}} Proto-Balto-Slavic *auštrā́ˀ (“dawn, morning”), {{inh|sla-pro|ine-pro|*h₂ewsér|gloss=of the dawn or morning, matutinal; eastern}} Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewsér (“of the dawn or morning, matutinal; eastern”), {{cog|lt|aušrà}} Lithuanian aušrà, {{cog|lv|àustra}} Latvian àustra, {{cog|grc|αὔρᾱ|t=(esp. cool) breeze, fresh air of the morning}} Ancient Greek αὔρᾱ (aúrā, “(esp. cool) breeze, fresh air of the morning”), {{cog|la|auster|t=south wind}} Latin auster (“south wind”), {{cog|gem-pro|*austrą|t=east}} Proto-Germanic *austrą (“east”), {{cog|gem-pro|*Austrǭ|t=Easter, springtime; name of a goddess}} Proto-Germanic *Austrǭ (“Easter, springtime; name of a goddess”) Head templates: {{sla-noun|n|head=*ùtro}} *ùtro n Inflection templates: {{sla-decl-noun|ap=a|recons=ùtro}} Forms: ùtro [canonical, neuter], no-table-tags [table-tags], a [accent-paradigm], ùtro [nominative, singular], ùtrě [dual, nominative], ùtra [nominative, plural], ùtra [genitive, singular], ùtru [dual, genitive], ùtrъ [genitive, plural], ùtru [dative, singular], ùtroma [dative, dual], ùtromъ [dative, plural], ùtro [accusative, singular], ùtrě [accusative, dual], ùtra [accusative, plural], ùtrъmь [instrumental, singular], ùtromь [instrumental, singular], ùtroma [dual, instrumental], ùtrȳ [instrumental, plural], ùtrě [locative, singular], ùtru [dual, locative], ùtrě̄xъ [locative, plural], ùtro [singular, vocative], ùtrě [dual, vocative], ùtra [plural, vocative]
  1. morning, dawn Wikipedia link: Rick Derksen Tags: reconstruction Derived forms: na utrьje, nautrьje, neutro (english: day after tomorrow), utrьjь, utrьnica, utrьnъ, utro se, zautrъkъ, za utra, zautra
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Russian",
              "lang_code": "ru",
              "roman": "útro",
              "word": "у́тро"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old East Slavic",
          "lang_code": "orv",
          "roman": "utro",
          "word": "утро"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "East Slavic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
              "lang_code": "cu",
              "roman": "utro",
              "word": "оутро"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
              "lang_code": "cu",
              "roman": "jutro",
              "word": "ютро"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Glagolitic script",
              "lang_code": "cu",
              "roman": "utro",
              "word": "ⱆⱅⱃⱁ"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Glagolitic script",
              "lang_code": "cu",
              "roman": "jutro",
              "word": "ⱓⱅⱃⱁ"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
          "lang_code": "cu"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "lang_code": "bg",
          "roman": "útro",
          "word": "у́тро"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "lang_code": "bg",
          "roman": "jutru",
          "tags": [
            "dialectal"
          ],
          "word": "ютру"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "lang_code": "mk",
          "roman": "utro",
          "word": "утро"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "lang_code": "mk",
          "roman": "utru",
          "word": "утру"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "lang_code": "mk",
          "roman": "jutru",
          "word": "јутру"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Cyrillic script",
              "lang_code": "sh",
              "word": "ју̏тро"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Latin script",
              "lang_code": "sh",
              "word": "jȕtro"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "lang_code": "sh"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "South Slavic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Czech",
              "lang_code": "cs",
              "word": "jitro"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Czech",
          "lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
          "word": "jutro"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Polish",
              "lang_code": "pl",
              "word": "jutro"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Silesian",
              "lang_code": "szl",
              "word": "jutro"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Polish",
          "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
          "word": "jutro"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
              "lang_code": "rsk",
              "roman": "jutre",
              "word": "ютре"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
              "lang_code": "rsk",
              "roman": "jutro",
              "word": "ютро"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Slovak",
              "lang_code": "sk",
              "tags": [
                "obsolete"
              ],
              "word": "jutro"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Slovak",
          "lang_code": "zlw-osk",
          "word": "jutro"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Kashubian",
              "lang_code": "csb",
              "word": "witro"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Kashubian",
              "lang_code": "csb",
              "word": "jitro"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Kashubian",
              "lang_code": "csb",
              "word": "jutro"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Kashubian",
              "lang_code": "csb",
              "word": "witre"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Slovincian",
              "lang_code": "zlw-slv",
              "word": "wjitrô"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Pomeranian",
          "lang_code": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Polabian",
          "lang_code": "pox",
          "word": "jautrü"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Upper Sorbian",
              "lang_code": "hsb",
              "word": "jutro"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
              "lang_code": "dsb",
              "word": "jutšo"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Sorbian",
          "lang_code": "unknown"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "West Slavic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂ews-",
        "id": "dawn"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ine-bsl-pro:*auštrā́ˀ<id:morning>",
        "id": "morning",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ews-\nProto-Indo-European *-r\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ewsér\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *auštrā́ˀ\nProto-Slavic *utro\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*utro\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }\" data-id=\"morning\" data-lang=\"sla-pro\" data-title=\"*utro\" id=\"Proto-Slavic:_morning\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*auštrā́ˀ",
        "gloss": "dawn, morning"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *auštrā́ˀ (“dawn, morning”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂ewsér",
        "gloss": "of the dawn or morning, matutinal; eastern"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewsér (“of the dawn or morning, matutinal; eastern”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "aušrà"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian aušrà",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "àustra"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian àustra",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "αὔρᾱ",
        "t": "(esp. cool) breeze, fresh air of the morning"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek αὔρᾱ (aúrā, “(esp. cool) breeze, fresh air of the morning”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "auster",
        "t": "south wind"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin auster (“south wind”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*austrą",
        "t": "east"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *austrą (“east”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*Austrǭ",
        "t": "Easter, springtime; name of a goddess"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *Austrǭ (“Easter, springtime; name of a goddess”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ews-\nProto-Indo-European *-r\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ewsér\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *auštrā́ˀ\nProto-Slavic *utro\nFrom Proto-Balto-Slavic *auštrā́ˀ (“dawn, morning”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewsér (“of the dawn or morning, matutinal; eastern”), from *h₂ews- (“dawn; east”).\nBaltic cognates include Lithuanian aušrà, dial. auštrà (“dawn”), Latvian àustra, aũstra (“dawn”). Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek αὔρᾱ (aúrā, “(esp. cool) breeze, fresh air of the morning”), Latin auster (“south wind”), Proto-Germanic *austrą (“east”), Proto-Germanic *Austrǭ (“Easter, springtime; name of a goddess”) (presumably from the goddess of the dawn, lust, fertility and spring, associated with the beginning of the year).\nA variant *jutro appears in West Slavic, Slovenian and Serbo-Croatian, and is also attested in Old Church Slavonic, but considered secondary; there are further Slavic lexemes that display an alternation *ju- in West and South Slavic vs. *u- in East Slavic. Variants with *(j)ustr- point to *ustr- < *usr-, the loss of -s- being either due to dissimilation or perhaps due to the law of open syllables, if the -s- was variably assigned to the end of the first syllable. According to Kortlandt, the acute on the root implies a zero-grade variant (which would have parallels in Sanskrit उ॒स्र (usrá, “reddish, ruddy, bright, matutinal”), उ॒स्रा (usrā́, “dawn, morning”)), which, however, is not attested. The intrusive -t- is regular in Proto-Slavic, compare *ostrъ, *strumy.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ùtro",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtro",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtrě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtra",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtra",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtru",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtrъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtru",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtroma",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtromъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtro",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtrě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtra",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtrъmь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtromь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtroma",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtrȳ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtrě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtru",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtrě̄xъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtro",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtrě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtra",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n",
        "head": "*ùtro"
      },
      "expansion": "*ùtro n",
      "name": "sla-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "ap": "a",
        "recons": "ùtro"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/utro",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "EDSIL without passage",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "na utrьje"
        },
        {
          "word": "nautrьje"
        },
        {
          "english": "day after tomorrow",
          "translation": "day after tomorrow",
          "word": "neutro"
        },
        {
          "word": "utrьjь"
        },
        {
          "word": "utrьnica"
        },
        {
          "word": "utrьnъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "utro se"
        },
        {
          "word": "zautrъkъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "za utra"
        },
        {
          "word": "zautra"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "morning, dawn"
      ],
      "id": "en-utro-sla-pro-noun-AEAPay10",
      "links": [
        [
          "morning",
          "morning"
        ],
        [
          "dawn",
          "dawn"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Rick Derksen"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "utro"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "na utrьje"
    },
    {
      "word": "nautrьje"
    },
    {
      "english": "day after tomorrow",
      "translation": "day after tomorrow",
      "word": "neutro"
    },
    {
      "word": "utrьjь"
    },
    {
      "word": "utrьnica"
    },
    {
      "word": "utrьnъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "utro se"
    },
    {
      "word": "zautrъkъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "za utra"
    },
    {
      "word": "zautra"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Russian",
              "lang_code": "ru",
              "roman": "útro",
              "word": "у́тро"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old East Slavic",
          "lang_code": "orv",
          "roman": "utro",
          "word": "утро"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "East Slavic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
              "lang_code": "cu",
              "roman": "utro",
              "word": "оутро"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
              "lang_code": "cu",
              "roman": "jutro",
              "word": "ютро"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Glagolitic script",
              "lang_code": "cu",
              "roman": "utro",
              "word": "ⱆⱅⱃⱁ"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Glagolitic script",
              "lang_code": "cu",
              "roman": "jutro",
              "word": "ⱓⱅⱃⱁ"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
          "lang_code": "cu"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "lang_code": "bg",
          "roman": "útro",
          "word": "у́тро"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "lang_code": "bg",
          "roman": "jutru",
          "tags": [
            "dialectal"
          ],
          "word": "ютру"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "lang_code": "mk",
          "roman": "utro",
          "word": "утро"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "lang_code": "mk",
          "roman": "utru",
          "word": "утру"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "lang_code": "mk",
          "roman": "jutru",
          "word": "јутру"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Cyrillic script",
              "lang_code": "sh",
              "word": "ју̏тро"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Latin script",
              "lang_code": "sh",
              "word": "jȕtro"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "lang_code": "sh"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "South Slavic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Czech",
              "lang_code": "cs",
              "word": "jitro"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Czech",
          "lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
          "word": "jutro"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Polish",
              "lang_code": "pl",
              "word": "jutro"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Silesian",
              "lang_code": "szl",
              "word": "jutro"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Polish",
          "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
          "word": "jutro"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
              "lang_code": "rsk",
              "roman": "jutre",
              "word": "ютре"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
              "lang_code": "rsk",
              "roman": "jutro",
              "word": "ютро"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Slovak",
              "lang_code": "sk",
              "tags": [
                "obsolete"
              ],
              "word": "jutro"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Slovak",
          "lang_code": "zlw-osk",
          "word": "jutro"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Kashubian",
              "lang_code": "csb",
              "word": "witro"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Kashubian",
              "lang_code": "csb",
              "word": "jitro"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Kashubian",
              "lang_code": "csb",
              "word": "jutro"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Kashubian",
              "lang_code": "csb",
              "word": "witre"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Slovincian",
              "lang_code": "zlw-slv",
              "word": "wjitrô"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Pomeranian",
          "lang_code": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Polabian",
          "lang_code": "pox",
          "word": "jautrü"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Upper Sorbian",
              "lang_code": "hsb",
              "word": "jutro"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
              "lang_code": "dsb",
              "word": "jutšo"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Sorbian",
          "lang_code": "unknown"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "West Slavic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂ews-",
        "id": "dawn"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ine-bsl-pro:*auštrā́ˀ<id:morning>",
        "id": "morning",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ews-\nProto-Indo-European *-r\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ewsér\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *auštrā́ˀ\nProto-Slavic *utro\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*utro\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }\" data-id=\"morning\" data-lang=\"sla-pro\" data-title=\"*utro\" id=\"Proto-Slavic:_morning\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*auštrā́ˀ",
        "gloss": "dawn, morning"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *auštrā́ˀ (“dawn, morning”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂ewsér",
        "gloss": "of the dawn or morning, matutinal; eastern"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewsér (“of the dawn or morning, matutinal; eastern”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "aušrà"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian aušrà",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "àustra"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian àustra",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "αὔρᾱ",
        "t": "(esp. cool) breeze, fresh air of the morning"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek αὔρᾱ (aúrā, “(esp. cool) breeze, fresh air of the morning”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "auster",
        "t": "south wind"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin auster (“south wind”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*austrą",
        "t": "east"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *austrą (“east”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*Austrǭ",
        "t": "Easter, springtime; name of a goddess"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *Austrǭ (“Easter, springtime; name of a goddess”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ews-\nProto-Indo-European *-r\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ewsér\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *auštrā́ˀ\nProto-Slavic *utro\nFrom Proto-Balto-Slavic *auštrā́ˀ (“dawn, morning”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewsér (“of the dawn or morning, matutinal; eastern”), from *h₂ews- (“dawn; east”).\nBaltic cognates include Lithuanian aušrà, dial. auštrà (“dawn”), Latvian àustra, aũstra (“dawn”). Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek αὔρᾱ (aúrā, “(esp. cool) breeze, fresh air of the morning”), Latin auster (“south wind”), Proto-Germanic *austrą (“east”), Proto-Germanic *Austrǭ (“Easter, springtime; name of a goddess”) (presumably from the goddess of the dawn, lust, fertility and spring, associated with the beginning of the year).\nA variant *jutro appears in West Slavic, Slovenian and Serbo-Croatian, and is also attested in Old Church Slavonic, but considered secondary; there are further Slavic lexemes that display an alternation *ju- in West and South Slavic vs. *u- in East Slavic. Variants with *(j)ustr- point to *ustr- < *usr-, the loss of -s- being either due to dissimilation or perhaps due to the law of open syllables, if the -s- was variably assigned to the end of the first syllable. According to Kortlandt, the acute on the root implies a zero-grade variant (which would have parallels in Sanskrit उ॒स्र (usrá, “reddish, ruddy, bright, matutinal”), उ॒स्रा (usrā́, “dawn, morning”)), which, however, is not attested. The intrusive -t- is regular in Proto-Slavic, compare *ostrъ, *strumy.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ùtro",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtro",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtrě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtra",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtra",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtru",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtrъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtru",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtroma",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtromъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtro",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtrě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtra",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtrъmь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtromь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtroma",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtrȳ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtrě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtru",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtrě̄xъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtro",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtrě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ùtra",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n",
        "head": "*ùtro"
      },
      "expansion": "*ùtro n",
      "name": "sla-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "ap": "a",
        "recons": "ùtro"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/utro",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "EDSIL without passage",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Pages with etymology trees",
        "Pages with etymon",
        "Proto-Slavic entries with etymology trees",
        "Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
        "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Slavic hard neuter o-stem nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
        "Proto-Slavic neuter nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
        "Proto-Slavic nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
        "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ews- (dawn)",
        "Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂ewsér",
        "Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
        "Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
        "sla-pro:Times of day"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "morning, dawn"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "morning",
          "morning"
        ],
        [
          "dawn",
          "dawn"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Rick Derksen"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "utro"
}

Download raw JSONL data for utro meaning in Proto-Slavic (9.9kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.