See skala in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "skalica"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "skalъka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "skalařь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "stone worker/miner",
"word": "skalakъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "rocky",
"word": "skalistъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "stony, made of rock",
"word": "skalьnъ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "скала́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: скала́ (skalá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: скала́ (skalá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "скала́",
"3": "ска́ля"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: скала́ (skalá), ска́ля (skálja)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: скала́ (skalá), ска́ля (skálja)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "скала",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: скала (skala)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: скала (skala)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⱄⰽⰰⰾⰰ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱄⰽⰰⰾⰰ (skala)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: ⱄⰽⰰⰾⰰ (skala)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "скала́"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: скала́ (skalá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: скала́ (skalá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "скала"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: скала (skala)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dated",
"2": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dated, dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: скала (skala) (dated, dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ска̏ла",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: ска̏ла",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: ска̏ла"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "skȁla",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: skȁla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: skȁla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "skála"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: skála",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: skála"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "skála"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: skála",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: skála"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "skála"
},
"expansion": "Czech: skála",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: skála"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "Chod dialect"
},
"expansion": "(Chod dialect)",
"name": "a"
}
],
"text": "Bohemian (Chod dialect): škála"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "skała"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: skała",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: skała"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "skała"
},
"expansion": "Polish: skała",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: skała"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "skala"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: skala",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: skala"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "skała"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: skała",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: skała"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "skała"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: skała",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: skała"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*skàliti",
"3": "*-а",
"t1": "to chop"
},
"expansion": "*skàliti (“to chop”) + *-а",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*skalā́ˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *skalā́ˀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kelH-",
"t": "to cut, to chop"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to cut, to chop”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skalà",
"3": "",
"4": "chip, sliver"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian skalà (“chip, sliver”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skalō",
"3": "",
"4": "lump, ball"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skalō (“lump, ball”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Substantivized collective noun from *skàliti (“to chop”) + *-а. Perhaps, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *skalā́ˀ, from a long o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to cut, to chop”), akin to Lithuanian skalà (“chip, sliver”), Proto-Germanic *skalō (“lump, ball”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "skàla",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "*skaľa",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "skala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "skàly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skàly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "skàly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlǭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlamī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skàly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/skala",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to chop",
"word": "skaliti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "shell; mussel",
"word": "skolьka"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-а",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crack, cleft → sliver, fragment, wedge"
],
"id": "en-skala-sla-pro-noun-ZN8TEStT",
"links": [
[
"crack",
"crack"
],
[
"cleft",
"cleft"
],
[
"sliver",
"sliver"
],
[
"fragment",
"fragment"
],
[
"wedge",
"wedge"
]
],
"qualifier": "perhaps originally",
"raw_glosses": [
"(perhaps originally) crack, cleft → sliver, fragment, wedge"
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"english": "cleft, aperture",
"sense": "*ščelь (“crack, fissure”)",
"word": "ščelina"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rock"
],
"id": "en-skala-sla-pro-noun-NQp3DA7J",
"links": [
[
"rock",
"rock"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
],
"word": "skala"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-а",
"sla-pro:Rocks"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "skalica"
},
{
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "skalъka"
},
{
"word": "skalařь"
},
{
"english": "stone worker/miner",
"word": "skalakъ"
},
{
"english": "rocky",
"word": "skalistъ"
},
{
"english": "stony, made of rock",
"word": "skalьnъ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "скала́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: скала́ (skalá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: скала́ (skalá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "скала́",
"3": "ска́ля"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: скала́ (skalá), ска́ля (skálja)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: скала́ (skalá), ска́ля (skálja)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "скала",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: скала (skala)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: скала (skala)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⱄⰽⰰⰾⰰ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱄⰽⰰⰾⰰ (skala)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: ⱄⰽⰰⰾⰰ (skala)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "скала́"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: скала́ (skalá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: скала́ (skalá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "скала"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: скала (skala)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dated",
"2": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dated, dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: скала (skala) (dated, dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ска̏ла",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: ска̏ла",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: ска̏ла"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "skȁla",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: skȁla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: skȁla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "skála"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: skála",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: skála"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "skála"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: skála",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: skála"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "skála"
},
"expansion": "Czech: skála",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: skála"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "Chod dialect"
},
"expansion": "(Chod dialect)",
"name": "a"
}
],
"text": "Bohemian (Chod dialect): škála"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "skała"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: skała",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: skała"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "skała"
},
"expansion": "Polish: skała",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: skała"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "skala"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: skala",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: skala"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "skała"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: skała",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: skała"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "skała"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: skała",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: skała"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*skàliti",
"3": "*-а",
"t1": "to chop"
},
"expansion": "*skàliti (“to chop”) + *-а",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*skalā́ˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *skalā́ˀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kelH-",
"t": "to cut, to chop"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to cut, to chop”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skalà",
"3": "",
"4": "chip, sliver"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian skalà (“chip, sliver”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skalō",
"3": "",
"4": "lump, ball"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skalō (“lump, ball”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Substantivized collective noun from *skàliti (“to chop”) + *-а. Perhaps, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *skalā́ˀ, from a long o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to cut, to chop”), akin to Lithuanian skalà (“chip, sliver”), Proto-Germanic *skalō (“lump, ball”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "skàla",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "*skaľa",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "skala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "skàly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skàly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "skàly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlǭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlamī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skàlě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skàly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/skala",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "to chop",
"word": "skaliti"
},
{
"english": "shell; mussel",
"word": "skolьka"
},
{
"english": "cleft, aperture",
"sense": "*ščelь (“crack, fissure”)",
"word": "ščelina"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"crack, cleft → sliver, fragment, wedge"
],
"links": [
[
"crack",
"crack"
],
[
"cleft",
"cleft"
],
[
"sliver",
"sliver"
],
[
"fragment",
"fragment"
],
[
"wedge",
"wedge"
]
],
"qualifier": "perhaps originally",
"raw_glosses": [
"(perhaps originally) crack, cleft → sliver, fragment, wedge"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rock"
],
"links": [
[
"rock",
"rock"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
],
"word": "skala"
}
Download raw JSONL data for skala meaning in Proto-Slavic (8.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (db0bec0 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.