See pora in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"alt": "alternatively reconstructed as *sporьnъ",
"english": "prolific, productive",
"sense": "*porьnъ",
"word": ">? *sъporьnъ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "пора"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: пора (pora)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: пора (pora)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "пара́"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: пара́ (pará)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: пара́ (pará)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "пора́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: пора́ (porá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: пора́ (porá)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "пора́"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: пора́ (porá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: пора́ (porá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "parà",
"bor": "1",
"t": "24-hour interval"
},
"expansion": "→ Lithuanian: parà (“24-hour interval”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "either from Russian or Belarusian"
},
"expansion": "(either from Russian or Belarusian)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Lithuanian: parà (“24-hour interval”) (either from Russian or Belarusian)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "пора",
"t": "force, vigour"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: пора (pora, “force, vigour”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: пора (pora, “force, vigour”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "по́ра"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: по́ра (póra)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: по́ра (póra) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "пора",
"t": "musical movement, tact"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: пора (pora, “musical movement, tact”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: пора (pora, “musical movement, tact”) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "pora"
},
"expansion": "Polish: pora",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: pora"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "pòra"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: pòra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: pòra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "pora"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: pora",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: pora"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*perti",
"3": "",
"4": "to push"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *perti (“to push”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"4": "",
"5": "to fare, to come forth"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to fare, to come forth”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*poriti",
"3": "*-a"
},
"expansion": "*poriti + *-a",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*poréh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *poréh₂",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πόρος",
"3": "",
"4": "passage, ford, pore",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πόρος m (póros, “passage, ford, pore”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "grc",
"3": "φορά",
"t": "a carrying along, rush; workload; time, occasion"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φορά (phorá, “a carrying along, rush; workload; time, occasion”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Most likely related to Proto-Slavic *perti (“to push”), *poriti (“to propel, to propagate forward”), from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to fare, to come forth”). Synchronically, could be viewed as an action/resultant noun of *poriti + *-a or possibly may reflect Proto-Indo-European *poréh₂, near cognate with Ancient Greek πόρος m (póros, “passage, ford, pore”).\nBanaszkiewicz et al. suppose that *pora underlies the root of the names of Old Polabian dioskuric pair Perevitius and Porenutius, relating thier characters to the sky deity *Perunъ. The later either derives from aforementioned *per- or from *(s)perH- (“to trample, to clap”).\nSzemerényi, waring that the term, just one of many terms for “time” in Slavic, however of a peculiar semantic orientation, is distributed in only the eastern half of the Slavic language group, suspects, underlining the match in stress, a borrowing from Ancient Greek φορά (phorá, “a carrying along, rush; workload; time, occasion”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "porà",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "porà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pȍrě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pȍry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "porý",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "porù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pòrъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "porě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poràma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "poràmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pȍrǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pȍrě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pȍry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "porojǫ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poràma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "poràmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pȍrě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "porù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "poràsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "poràxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "poro",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pȍrě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pȍry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "c"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pora",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "push, charge",
"sense": "*-porъ",
"word": "naporъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "disruption",
"sense": "*-porъ",
"word": "orzporъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "resistance",
"sense": "*-porъ",
"word": "otъporъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "motion, propagation",
"sense": "*-porъ",
"word": "perporъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "conflict",
"sense": "*-porъ",
"word": "sъporъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "strike",
"sense": "*-porъ",
"word": "uporъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "distraint",
"sense": "*-porъ",
"word": "zaporъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"thrust, push, force"
],
"id": "en-pora-sla-pro-noun-9rvUQ-ug",
"links": [
[
"thrust",
"thrust"
],
[
"push",
"push"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"qualifier": "perhaps originally",
"raw_glosses": [
"(perhaps originally) thrust, push, force"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"effort, endeavour, enterprise → workload"
],
"id": "en-pora-sla-pro-noun-0-Svo3cv",
"links": [
[
"effort",
"effort"
],
[
"endeavour",
"endeavour"
],
[
"enterprise",
"enterprise"
],
[
"workload",
"workload"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) effort, endeavour, enterprise → workload"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 1 4 21 11 1 11 2 0 6 0 1 2 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 4 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 7 89",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 94",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"time period, passage of time"
],
"id": "en-pora-sla-pro-noun-P8As2Q49",
"links": [
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"period",
"period"
],
[
"passage",
"passage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(abstract) time period, passage of time"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*vermę"
},
{
"word": "*časъ"
},
{
"word": "*rokъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"abstract",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oswald Szemerényi"
],
"word": "pora"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-a",
"sla-pro:Time"
],
"derived": [
{
"alt": "alternatively reconstructed as *sporьnъ",
"english": "prolific, productive",
"sense": "*porьnъ",
"word": ">? *sъporьnъ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "пора"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: пора (pora)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: пора (pora)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "пара́"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: пара́ (pará)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: пара́ (pará)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "пора́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: пора́ (porá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: пора́ (porá)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "пора́"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: пора́ (porá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: пора́ (porá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "parà",
"bor": "1",
"t": "24-hour interval"
},
"expansion": "→ Lithuanian: parà (“24-hour interval”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "either from Russian or Belarusian"
},
"expansion": "(either from Russian or Belarusian)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Lithuanian: parà (“24-hour interval”) (either from Russian or Belarusian)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "пора",
"t": "force, vigour"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: пора (pora, “force, vigour”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: пора (pora, “force, vigour”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "по́ра"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: по́ра (póra)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: по́ра (póra) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "пора",
"t": "musical movement, tact"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: пора (pora, “musical movement, tact”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: пора (pora, “musical movement, tact”) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "pora"
},
"expansion": "Polish: pora",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: pora"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "pòra"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: pòra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: pòra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "pora"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: pora",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: pora"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*perti",
"3": "",
"4": "to push"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *perti (“to push”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"4": "",
"5": "to fare, to come forth"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to fare, to come forth”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*poriti",
"3": "*-a"
},
"expansion": "*poriti + *-a",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*poréh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *poréh₂",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πόρος",
"3": "",
"4": "passage, ford, pore",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πόρος m (póros, “passage, ford, pore”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "grc",
"3": "φορά",
"t": "a carrying along, rush; workload; time, occasion"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φορά (phorá, “a carrying along, rush; workload; time, occasion”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Most likely related to Proto-Slavic *perti (“to push”), *poriti (“to propel, to propagate forward”), from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to fare, to come forth”). Synchronically, could be viewed as an action/resultant noun of *poriti + *-a or possibly may reflect Proto-Indo-European *poréh₂, near cognate with Ancient Greek πόρος m (póros, “passage, ford, pore”).\nBanaszkiewicz et al. suppose that *pora underlies the root of the names of Old Polabian dioskuric pair Perevitius and Porenutius, relating thier characters to the sky deity *Perunъ. The later either derives from aforementioned *per- or from *(s)perH- (“to trample, to clap”).\nSzemerényi, waring that the term, just one of many terms for “time” in Slavic, however of a peculiar semantic orientation, is distributed in only the eastern half of the Slavic language group, suspects, underlining the match in stress, a borrowing from Ancient Greek φορά (phorá, “a carrying along, rush; workload; time, occasion”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "porà",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "porà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pȍrě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pȍry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "porý",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "porù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pòrъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "porě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poràma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "poràmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pȍrǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pȍrě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pȍry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "porojǫ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poràma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "poràmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pȍrě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "porù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "poràsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "poràxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "poro",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pȍrě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pȍry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "c"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pora",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "push, charge",
"sense": "*-porъ",
"word": "naporъ"
},
{
"english": "disruption",
"sense": "*-porъ",
"word": "orzporъ"
},
{
"english": "resistance",
"sense": "*-porъ",
"word": "otъporъ"
},
{
"english": "motion, propagation",
"sense": "*-porъ",
"word": "perporъ"
},
{
"english": "conflict",
"sense": "*-porъ",
"word": "sъporъ"
},
{
"english": "strike",
"sense": "*-porъ",
"word": "uporъ"
},
{
"english": "distraint",
"sense": "*-porъ",
"word": "zaporъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"thrust, push, force"
],
"links": [
[
"thrust",
"thrust"
],
[
"push",
"push"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"qualifier": "perhaps originally",
"raw_glosses": [
"(perhaps originally) thrust, push, force"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"effort, endeavour, enterprise → workload"
],
"links": [
[
"effort",
"effort"
],
[
"endeavour",
"endeavour"
],
[
"enterprise",
"enterprise"
],
[
"workload",
"workload"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) effort, endeavour, enterprise → workload"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"time period, passage of time"
],
"links": [
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"period",
"period"
],
[
"passage",
"passage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(abstract) time period, passage of time"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*vermę"
},
{
"word": "*časъ"
},
{
"word": "*rokъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"abstract",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oswald Szemerényi"
],
"word": "pora"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pora meaning in Proto-Slavic (8.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.