See pora in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for pora meaning in Proto-Slavic (8.8kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"alt": "alternatively reconstructed as *sporьnъ",
"english": "prolific, productive",
"sense": "*porьnъ",
"word": ">? *sъporьnъ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "пора"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: пора (pora)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: пора (pora)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "пара́"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: пара́ (pará)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: пара́ (pará)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "пора́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: пора́ (porá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: пора́ (porá)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "пора́"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: пора́ (porá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: пора́ (porá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "parà",
"bor": "1",
"t": "24-hour interval"
},
"expansion": "→ Lithuanian: parà (“24-hour interval”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "either from Russian or Belarusian"
},
"expansion": "(either from Russian or Belarusian)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Lithuanian: parà (“24-hour interval”) (either from Russian or Belarusian)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "пора",
"t": "force, vigour"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: пора (pora, “force, vigour”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: пора (pora, “force, vigour”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "по́ра"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: по́ра (póra)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: по́ра (póra) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "пора",
"t": "musical movement, tact"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: пора (pora, “musical movement, tact”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: пора (pora, “musical movement, tact”) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "pora"
},
"expansion": "Polish: pora",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: pora"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*perti",
"3": "",
"4": "to push"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *perti (“to push”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*poriti",
"3": "",
"4": "to propel, to propagate forward"
},
"expansion": "*poriti (“to propel, to propagate forward”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"4": "",
"5": "to fare, to come forth"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to fare, to come forth”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*poriti",
"3": "*-a"
},
"expansion": "*poriti + *-a",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*poréh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *poréh₂",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πόρος",
"3": "",
"4": "passage, ford, pore",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πόρος m (póros, “passage, ford, pore”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pora"
},
"expansion": "*pora",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*Perunъ"
},
"expansion": "*Perunъ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*per-"
},
"expansion": "*per-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*(s)perH-",
"3": "",
"4": "to trample, to clap"
},
"expansion": "*(s)perH- (“to trample, to clap”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "grc",
"3": "φορά",
"t": "a carrying along, rush; workload; time, occasion"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φορά (phorá, “a carrying along, rush; workload; time, occasion”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Most likely related to Proto-Slavic *perti (“to push”), *poriti (“to propel, to propagate forward”), from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to fare, to come forth”). Synchronically, could be viewed as an action/resultant noun of *poriti + *-a or possibly may reflect Proto-Indo-European *poréh₂, near cognate with Ancient Greek πόρος m (póros, “passage, ford, pore”).\nBanaszkiewicz et al. suppose that *pora underlies the root of the names of Old Polabian dioskuric pair Perevitius and Porenutius, relating thier characters to the sky deity *Perunъ. The later either derives from aforementioned *per- or from *(s)perH- (“to trample, to clap”).\nSzemerényi, waring that the term, just one of many terms for “time” in Slavic, however of a peculiar semantic orientation, is distributed in only the eastern half of the Slavic language group, suspects, underlining the match in stress, a borrowing from Ancient Greek φορά (phorá, “a carrying along, rush; workload; time, occasion”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "porà",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "porà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pȍrě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pȍry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "porý",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "porù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pòrъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "porě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poràma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "poràmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "pȍrǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "porojǫ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poràmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "locative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "pȍrě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poràsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "poràxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "poro",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "c"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pora",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "push, charge",
"sense": "*-porъ",
"word": "naporъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "disruption",
"sense": "*-porъ",
"word": "orzporъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "resistance",
"sense": "*-porъ",
"word": "otъporъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "motion, propagation",
"sense": "*-porъ",
"word": "perporъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "conflict",
"sense": "*-porъ",
"word": "sъporъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "strike",
"sense": "*-porъ",
"word": "uporъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "distraint",
"sense": "*-porъ",
"word": "zaporъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"thrust, push, force"
],
"id": "en-pora-sla-pro-noun-9rvUQ-ug",
"links": [
[
"thrust",
"thrust"
],
[
"push",
"push"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"qualifier": "perhaps originally",
"raw_glosses": [
"(perhaps originally) thrust, push, force"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"effort, endeavour, enterprise → workload"
],
"id": "en-pora-sla-pro-noun-0-Svo3cv",
"links": [
[
"effort",
"effort"
],
[
"endeavour",
"endeavour"
],
[
"enterprise",
"enterprise"
],
[
"workload",
"workload"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) effort, endeavour, enterprise → workload"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 2 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 88",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"time period, passage of time"
],
"id": "en-pora-sla-pro-noun-P8As2Q49",
"links": [
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"period",
"period"
],
[
"passage",
"passage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(abstract) time period, passage of time"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*vermę"
},
{
"word": "*časъ"
},
{
"word": "*rokъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"abstract",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oswald Szemerényi"
],
"word": "pora"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-a",
"sla-pro:Time"
],
"derived": [
{
"alt": "alternatively reconstructed as *sporьnъ",
"english": "prolific, productive",
"sense": "*porьnъ",
"word": ">? *sъporьnъ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "пора"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: пора (pora)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: пора (pora)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "пара́"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: пара́ (pará)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: пара́ (pará)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "пора́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: пора́ (porá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: пора́ (porá)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "пора́"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: пора́ (porá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: пора́ (porá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "parà",
"bor": "1",
"t": "24-hour interval"
},
"expansion": "→ Lithuanian: parà (“24-hour interval”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "either from Russian or Belarusian"
},
"expansion": "(either from Russian or Belarusian)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Lithuanian: parà (“24-hour interval”) (either from Russian or Belarusian)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "пора",
"t": "force, vigour"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: пора (pora, “force, vigour”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: пора (pora, “force, vigour”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "по́ра"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: по́ра (póra)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: по́ра (póra) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "пора",
"t": "musical movement, tact"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: пора (pora, “musical movement, tact”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: пора (pora, “musical movement, tact”) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "pora"
},
"expansion": "Polish: pora",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: pora"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*perti",
"3": "",
"4": "to push"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *perti (“to push”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*poriti",
"3": "",
"4": "to propel, to propagate forward"
},
"expansion": "*poriti (“to propel, to propagate forward”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"4": "",
"5": "to fare, to come forth"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to fare, to come forth”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*poriti",
"3": "*-a"
},
"expansion": "*poriti + *-a",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*poréh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *poréh₂",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πόρος",
"3": "",
"4": "passage, ford, pore",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πόρος m (póros, “passage, ford, pore”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pora"
},
"expansion": "*pora",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*Perunъ"
},
"expansion": "*Perunъ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*per-"
},
"expansion": "*per-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*(s)perH-",
"3": "",
"4": "to trample, to clap"
},
"expansion": "*(s)perH- (“to trample, to clap”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "grc",
"3": "φορά",
"t": "a carrying along, rush; workload; time, occasion"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φορά (phorá, “a carrying along, rush; workload; time, occasion”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Most likely related to Proto-Slavic *perti (“to push”), *poriti (“to propel, to propagate forward”), from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to fare, to come forth”). Synchronically, could be viewed as an action/resultant noun of *poriti + *-a or possibly may reflect Proto-Indo-European *poréh₂, near cognate with Ancient Greek πόρος m (póros, “passage, ford, pore”).\nBanaszkiewicz et al. suppose that *pora underlies the root of the names of Old Polabian dioskuric pair Perevitius and Porenutius, relating thier characters to the sky deity *Perunъ. The later either derives from aforementioned *per- or from *(s)perH- (“to trample, to clap”).\nSzemerényi, waring that the term, just one of many terms for “time” in Slavic, however of a peculiar semantic orientation, is distributed in only the eastern half of the Slavic language group, suspects, underlining the match in stress, a borrowing from Ancient Greek φορά (phorá, “a carrying along, rush; workload; time, occasion”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "porà",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "porà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pȍrě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pȍry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "porý",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "porù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pòrъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "porě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poràma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "poràmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "pȍrǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "porojǫ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poràmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "locative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "pȍrě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poràsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "poràxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "poro",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "c"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pora",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "push, charge",
"sense": "*-porъ",
"word": "naporъ"
},
{
"english": "disruption",
"sense": "*-porъ",
"word": "orzporъ"
},
{
"english": "resistance",
"sense": "*-porъ",
"word": "otъporъ"
},
{
"english": "motion, propagation",
"sense": "*-porъ",
"word": "perporъ"
},
{
"english": "conflict",
"sense": "*-porъ",
"word": "sъporъ"
},
{
"english": "strike",
"sense": "*-porъ",
"word": "uporъ"
},
{
"english": "distraint",
"sense": "*-porъ",
"word": "zaporъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"thrust, push, force"
],
"links": [
[
"thrust",
"thrust"
],
[
"push",
"push"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"qualifier": "perhaps originally",
"raw_glosses": [
"(perhaps originally) thrust, push, force"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"effort, endeavour, enterprise → workload"
],
"links": [
[
"effort",
"effort"
],
[
"endeavour",
"endeavour"
],
[
"enterprise",
"enterprise"
],
[
"workload",
"workload"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) effort, endeavour, enterprise → workload"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"time period, passage of time"
],
"links": [
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"period",
"period"
],
[
"passage",
"passage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(abstract) time period, passage of time"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*vermę"
},
{
"word": "*časъ"
},
{
"word": "*rokъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"abstract",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oswald Szemerényi"
],
"word": "pora"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.