See obačiti in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "obaczyć"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"Near Masovian"
],
"word": "obacyć"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"Biecz"
],
"word": "ôbácyć"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"Podegrodzie"
],
"word": "obácyć"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "ôbŏczyć"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "abáčycʹ",
"word": "аба́чыць"
},
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "obáčycʹ",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "оба́чыць"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "obáčyty",
"word": "оба́чити"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "obáčyty",
"word": "оба́чити"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "obáčitʹ",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "оба́чить"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "obáčitʹ",
"word": "оба́чить"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "obáčiti",
"word": "оба́чити"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "abáčycʹ",
"word": "аба́чыць"
},
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "obáčycʹ",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "оба́чыць"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "obáčyty",
"word": "оба́чити"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "obáčyty",
"word": "оба́чити"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "obáčitʹ",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "оба́чить"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "obáčitʹ",
"word": "оба́чить"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "obáčyti",
"word": "оба́чыти"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "obačic",
"word": "обачиц"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "obačiť"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*obačiť"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "baczyć"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"Far Masovian",
"Lasovia"
],
"word": "bacyć"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "bŏczyć"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "báčycʹ",
"word": "ба́чыць"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "báčyty",
"word": "ба́чити"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "báčyty",
"word": "ба́чити"
},
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bõčyti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "báčitʹ",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "ба́чить"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "báčitʹ",
"word": "ба́чить"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "báčiti",
"word": "ба́чити"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "báčycʹ",
"word": "ба́чыць"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "báčyty",
"word": "ба́чити"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "báčyty",
"word": "ба́чити"
},
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bõčyti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "báčitʹ",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "ба́чить"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "báčitʹ",
"word": "ба́чить"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "báčyti",
"word": "ба́чыти"
},
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "báčiť"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
]
}
],
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "bačic",
"word": "бачиц"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "báčiť"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "bačic"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*báčiť"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "baczëc"
},
{
"lang": "Slovincian",
"lang_code": "zlw-slv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "baczic"
}
],
"lang": "Pomeranian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "baczyć"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "obaczyć"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ira"
},
"expansion": "Iranian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "xsc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Scythian",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gъpanъ",
"t": "ruler, master"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *gъpanъ (“ruler, master”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*Habí-Hāxšáyati",
"t": "to watch; to guard, protect"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *Habí-Hāxšáyati (“to watch; to guard, protect”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬀𐬌𐬡𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀",
"t": "to guard, supervise"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬡𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (aⁱβiiāxšaiia, “to guard, supervise”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xco",
"2": "",
"tr": "βyxȳ-"
},
"expansion": "Khwarezmian [script needed] (βyxȳ-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yai",
"2": "яхшта",
"t": "to be seen, visible"
},
"expansion": "Yaghnobi яхшта (yaxšta, “to be seen, visible”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*Habʰí",
"t": "to, upon"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *Habʰí (“to, upon”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-éyeti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*o(b)-",
"3": "",
"alt2": "**ačiti"
},
"expansion": "*o(b)- + **ačiti",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-iti"
},
"expansion": "+ *-iti",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zls-chs",
"2": "обочити",
"t": "to render manifest"
},
"expansion": "Church Slavonic обочити (obočiti, “to render manifest”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*obočiti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *obočiti",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃ekʷ-",
"4": "",
"5": "eye; to see"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- (“eye; to see”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*bak-",
"t": "to look; to watch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *bak- (“to look; to watch”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "bakmak"
},
"expansion": "Turkish bakmak",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "baqmaq"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar baqmaq",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-iti"
},
"expansion": "+ *-iti",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰeh₂-",
"id": "speak",
"t": "to speak, say"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to speak, say”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. The form without the initial *o- arose from the re-decomposition of *ob-ačiti > *obačiti > *o-bačiti > *bačiti, where the first part was perceived as the Slavic suffix *o(b)-.\n* Borrowed from Eastern Iranian languages, probably from Scythian *abi-āšaya- (as is Proto-Slavic *gъpanъ (“ruler, master”)), further from Proto-Iranian *Habí-Hāxšáyati (“to watch; to guard, protect”) (compare Younger Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬡𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (aⁱβiiāxšaiia, “to guard, supervise”), 𐬀𐬌𐬡𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬑𐬱𐬙𐬀𐬭 (aⁱβiiāxštar, “observer”), Khwarezmian [script needed] (βyxȳ-), [script needed] (ʾβyxy-, “to learn from, apprehend, retain”), Yaghnobi яхшта (yaxšta, “to be seen, visible”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Habʰí (“to, upon”) + *Hákši (“eye”) + Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti.\n* Traditionally derived from *o(b)- + **ačiti, where the root is presumably derived from *ȍko (“eye”), *ȍči du + *-iti. Controversial due to lack of evidence for **ačiti and unclear long vowel in the first syllable *o- > *ō- > *a-, which is not in Church Slavonic обочити (obočiti, “to render manifest”) < Proto-Slavic *obočiti.\nBoth of the above theories trace the main semantic component back ultimately to Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- (“eye; to see”).\nOther etymologies are unconvincing:\n* The assumption of borrowing from Proto-Turkic *bak- (“to look; to watch”) (compare Turkish bakmak, Crimean Tatar baqmaq) is rejected.\n* Doubtful from **ba-k-iti, which is supposedly derived from the interjection *ba! (“wow, really”) + *-k- extension + *-iti.\n* From the hypothetical **ba-kъ (“watchman, overseer, guardian”), which ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to speak, say”), as in *bàjati (“to tell”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "aorist",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "obačenьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "obačiti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "obačitъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "obačilъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "obačenъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "obačimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "obačь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "obačę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "obačixъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obači",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obači",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obačiši",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obačitь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačixově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačiste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačivě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "obačita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačixomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obačiste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačišę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "obačite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačętь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačaaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obačaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obačaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obači",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obači",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačaaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "obačaašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačivě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "obačita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačaaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obačaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačaaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obačite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "*bačiti",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "-1"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/obačiti",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -i-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Western regional Proto-Slavic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to see, to notice, to watch"
],
"id": "en-obačiti-sla-pro-verb-o-~u0Xrv",
"links": [
[
"see",
"see"
],
[
"notice",
"notice"
],
[
"watch",
"watch"
]
],
"qualifier": "West Slavic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Slavic) to see, to notice, to watch"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Jaroslav Rudnyckyj",
"Oleg Trubachyov",
"be:Віктар Уладзіміравіч Мартынаў",
"ru:Аникин, Александр Евгеньевич",
"ru:Преображенский, Александр Григорьевич",
"uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич"
]
}
],
"word": "obačiti"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "obaczyć"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"Near Masovian"
],
"word": "obacyć"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"Biecz"
],
"word": "ôbácyć"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"Podegrodzie"
],
"word": "obácyć"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "ôbŏczyć"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "abáčycʹ",
"word": "аба́чыць"
},
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "obáčycʹ",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "оба́чыць"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "obáčyty",
"word": "оба́чити"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "obáčyty",
"word": "оба́чити"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "obáčitʹ",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "оба́чить"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "obáčitʹ",
"word": "оба́чить"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "obáčiti",
"word": "оба́чити"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "abáčycʹ",
"word": "аба́чыць"
},
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "obáčycʹ",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "оба́чыць"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "obáčyty",
"word": "оба́чити"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "obáčyty",
"word": "оба́чити"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "obáčitʹ",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "оба́чить"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "obáčitʹ",
"word": "оба́чить"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "obáčyti",
"word": "оба́чыти"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "obačic",
"word": "обачиц"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "obačiť"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*obačiť"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "baczyć"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"Far Masovian",
"Lasovia"
],
"word": "bacyć"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "bŏczyć"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "báčycʹ",
"word": "ба́чыць"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "báčyty",
"word": "ба́чити"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "báčyty",
"word": "ба́чити"
},
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bõčyti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "báčitʹ",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "ба́чить"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "báčitʹ",
"word": "ба́чить"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "báčiti",
"word": "ба́чити"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "báčycʹ",
"word": "ба́чыць"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "báčyty",
"word": "ба́чити"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "báčyty",
"word": "ба́чити"
},
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bõčyti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "báčitʹ",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "ба́чить"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "báčitʹ",
"word": "ба́чить"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "báčyti",
"word": "ба́чыти"
},
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "báčiť"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
]
}
],
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "bačic",
"word": "бачиц"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "báčiť"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "bačic"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*báčiť"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "baczëc"
},
{
"lang": "Slovincian",
"lang_code": "zlw-slv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "baczic"
}
],
"lang": "Pomeranian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "baczyć"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "obaczyć"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ira"
},
"expansion": "Iranian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "xsc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Scythian",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gъpanъ",
"t": "ruler, master"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *gъpanъ (“ruler, master”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*Habí-Hāxšáyati",
"t": "to watch; to guard, protect"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *Habí-Hāxšáyati (“to watch; to guard, protect”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬀𐬌𐬡𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀",
"t": "to guard, supervise"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬡𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (aⁱβiiāxšaiia, “to guard, supervise”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xco",
"2": "",
"tr": "βyxȳ-"
},
"expansion": "Khwarezmian [script needed] (βyxȳ-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yai",
"2": "яхшта",
"t": "to be seen, visible"
},
"expansion": "Yaghnobi яхшта (yaxšta, “to be seen, visible”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*Habʰí",
"t": "to, upon"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *Habʰí (“to, upon”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-éyeti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*o(b)-",
"3": "",
"alt2": "**ačiti"
},
"expansion": "*o(b)- + **ačiti",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-iti"
},
"expansion": "+ *-iti",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zls-chs",
"2": "обочити",
"t": "to render manifest"
},
"expansion": "Church Slavonic обочити (obočiti, “to render manifest”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*obočiti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *obočiti",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃ekʷ-",
"4": "",
"5": "eye; to see"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- (“eye; to see”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*bak-",
"t": "to look; to watch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *bak- (“to look; to watch”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "bakmak"
},
"expansion": "Turkish bakmak",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "baqmaq"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar baqmaq",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-iti"
},
"expansion": "+ *-iti",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰeh₂-",
"id": "speak",
"t": "to speak, say"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to speak, say”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. The form without the initial *o- arose from the re-decomposition of *ob-ačiti > *obačiti > *o-bačiti > *bačiti, where the first part was perceived as the Slavic suffix *o(b)-.\n* Borrowed from Eastern Iranian languages, probably from Scythian *abi-āšaya- (as is Proto-Slavic *gъpanъ (“ruler, master”)), further from Proto-Iranian *Habí-Hāxšáyati (“to watch; to guard, protect”) (compare Younger Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬡𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (aⁱβiiāxšaiia, “to guard, supervise”), 𐬀𐬌𐬡𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬑𐬱𐬙𐬀𐬭 (aⁱβiiāxštar, “observer”), Khwarezmian [script needed] (βyxȳ-), [script needed] (ʾβyxy-, “to learn from, apprehend, retain”), Yaghnobi яхшта (yaxšta, “to be seen, visible”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Habʰí (“to, upon”) + *Hákši (“eye”) + Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti.\n* Traditionally derived from *o(b)- + **ačiti, where the root is presumably derived from *ȍko (“eye”), *ȍči du + *-iti. Controversial due to lack of evidence for **ačiti and unclear long vowel in the first syllable *o- > *ō- > *a-, which is not in Church Slavonic обочити (obočiti, “to render manifest”) < Proto-Slavic *obočiti.\nBoth of the above theories trace the main semantic component back ultimately to Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- (“eye; to see”).\nOther etymologies are unconvincing:\n* The assumption of borrowing from Proto-Turkic *bak- (“to look; to watch”) (compare Turkish bakmak, Crimean Tatar baqmaq) is rejected.\n* Doubtful from **ba-k-iti, which is supposedly derived from the interjection *ba! (“wow, really”) + *-k- extension + *-iti.\n* From the hypothetical **ba-kъ (“watchman, overseer, guardian”), which ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to speak, say”), as in *bàjati (“to tell”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "aorist",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "obačenьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "obačiti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "obačitъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "obačilъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "obačenъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "obačimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "obačь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "obačę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "obačixъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obači",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obači",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obačiši",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obačitь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačixově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačiste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačivě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "obačita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačixomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obačiste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačišę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "obačite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačętь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačaaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obačaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obačaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obači",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obači",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačaaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "obačaašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačivě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "obačita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačaaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obačaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačaaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obačimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obačite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "*bačiti",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "-1"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/obačiti",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Proto-Slavic verbs",
"Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -i-",
"Western regional Proto-Slavic",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/n"
],
"glosses": [
"to see, to notice, to watch"
],
"links": [
[
"see",
"see"
],
[
"notice",
"notice"
],
[
"watch",
"watch"
]
],
"qualifier": "West Slavic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Slavic) to see, to notice, to watch"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Jaroslav Rudnyckyj",
"Oleg Trubachyov",
"be:Віктар Уладзіміравіч Мартынаў",
"ru:Аникин, Александр Евгеньевич",
"ru:Преображенский, Александр Григорьевич",
"uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич"
]
}
],
"word": "obačiti"
}
Download raw JSONL data for obačiti meaning in Proto-Slavic (15.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.