"męknǫti" meaning in Proto-Slavic

See męknǫti in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: Cognate with Lithuanian mìnkyti (“to knead”), Latvian mîcît (“to knead”), Old English menġan (“to mix”), and more distantly with Lithuanian mánkyti (“to knead, to press, to crumple”). * Derksen: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *manˀk-, from Proto-Indo-European *monHk-, from the root *menHk-. * Vasmer, Trubachev, Chernykh: Further cognate with Ancient Greek μάσσω (mássō, “to knead”) (aorist passive Ancient Greek μαγῆναι (magênai)) < Proto-Indo-European *mn̥k-y-oh₂. Chernykh, quoting Pokorny, gives the root as *men(H)k-; Rix prefers non-laryngeal *menk-, despite the Balto-Slavic evidence for a laryngeal (which he notes). According to Derksen, quoting Chantraine, the Greek root could be either μαγ- (mag-) or μακ- (mak-), despite the aorist passive. Derksen, however, would rather derive the Greek word from a different root *meh₂ǵ-; see *màzati (“to oil, to smear, to anoint”). Etymology templates: {{cog|lt|mìnkyti||to knead}} Lithuanian mìnkyti (“to knead”), {{cog|lv|mîcît||to knead}} Latvian mîcît (“to knead”), {{cog|ang|menġan||to mix}} Old English menġan (“to mix”), {{cog|lt|mánkyti||to knead, to press, to crumple}} Lithuanian mánkyti (“to knead, to press, to crumple”), {{der|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*manˀk-}} Proto-Balto-Slavic *manˀk-, {{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*monHk-}} Proto-Indo-European *monHk-, {{cog|grc|μάσσω||to knead}} Ancient Greek μάσσω (mássō, “to knead”), {{cog|grc|μαγῆναι}} Ancient Greek μαγῆναι (magênai), {{cog|ine-pro|*mn̥kyeti|*mn̥k-y-oh₂}} Proto-Indo-European *mn̥k-y-oh₂ Inflection templates: {{sla-conj||mękn-|ap=a}} Forms: mę̀knǫti [canonical], no-table-tags [table-tags], a [accent-paradigm], męknenьje [noun-from-verb], męknǫti [infinitive], męknǫtъ [supine], męknlъ [l-participle], no-table-tags [table-tags], a [accent-paradigm], męknenъ [participle, passive, past], męknomъ [participle, passive, present], męknъ [active, participle, past], mękny [active, participle, present], no-table-tags [table-tags], a [accent-paradigm], męknъ [aorist, first-person, singular], męknoxъ [aorist, first-person, singular], mękne [aorist, second-person, singular], mękne [aorist, singular, third-person], męknǫ [first-person, present, singular], mękneši [present, second-person, singular], męknetь [present, singular, third-person], męknově [aorist, dual, first-person], męknoxově [aorist, dual, first-person], mękneta [aorist, dual, second-person], męknosta [aorist, dual, second-person], męknete [aorist, dual, third-person], męknoste [aorist, dual, third-person], męknevě [dual, first-person, present], mękneta [dual, present, second-person], męknete [dual, present, third-person], męknomъ [aorist, first-person, plural], męknoxomъ [aorist, first-person, plural], męknete [aorist, plural, second-person], męknoste [aorist, plural, second-person], męknǫ [aorist, plural, third-person], męknošę [aorist, plural, third-person], męknemъ [first-person, plural, present], męknete [plural, present, second-person], męknǫtь [plural, present, third-person], mękněaxъ [first-person, imperfect, singular], mękněaše [imperfect, second-person, singular], mękněaše [imperfect, singular, third-person], - [first-person, imperative, singular], mękni [imperative, second-person, singular], mękni [imperative, singular, third-person], mękněaxově [dual, first-person, imperfect], mękněašeta [dual, imperfect, second-person], mękněašete [dual, imperfect, third-person], mękněvě [dual, first-person, imperative], mękněta [dual, imperative, second-person], - [dual, imperative, third-person], mękněaxomъ [first-person, imperfect, plural], mękněašete [imperfect, plural, second-person], mękněaxǫ [imperfect, plural, third-person], mękněmъ [first-person, imperative, plural], mękněte [imperative, plural, second-person], - [imperative, plural, third-person]
  1. to become soft Wikipedia link: Rick Derksen Tags: reconstruction Related terms: mǫ̀čiti (english: to torture, to torment), mę̏kъkъ [soft], mǫ̀ka (english: torture, torment)
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Church Slavonic: мѧкнѫти (męknǫti)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "мѧкънꙋти"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: мѧкънꙋти (mękŭnuti)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: мѧкънꙋти (mękŭnuti)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "мя́кнуць"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: мя́кнуць (mjáknucʹ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: мя́кнуць (mjáknucʹ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "мя́кнуть"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: мя́кнуть (mjáknutʹ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: мя́кнуть (mjáknutʹ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "м'я́кнути"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: м'я́кнути (mʺjáknuty)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: м'я́кнути (mʺjáknuty)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Cyrillic: (оумѧкнѫти (umęknǫti))"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Glagolitic: (ⱆⰿⱔⰽⱀⱘⱅⰻ (umęknǫti))"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "ме̏кнути",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: ме̏кнути",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: ме̏кнути"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "mȅknuti",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: mȅknuti",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: mȅknuti"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "mẹ́kniti",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: mẹ́kniti",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mẹ́kniti"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: mẹ́kniti (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "obsolete"
          },
          "expansion": "(obsolete)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: mẹ́kniti (tonal orthography) (obsolete)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "měknout"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: měknout",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: měknout"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "mięknąć"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: mięknąć",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: mięknąć"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "mäknúť"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: mäknúť",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: mäknúť"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "mjaknyć"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: mjaknyć",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: mjaknyć"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "měknuś"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: měknuś",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: měknuś"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "mìnkyti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to knead"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian mìnkyti (“to knead”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "mîcît",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to knead"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian mîcît (“to knead”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "menġan",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to mix"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English menġan (“to mix”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "mánkyti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to knead, to press, to crumple"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian mánkyti (“to knead, to press, to crumple”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*manˀk-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *manˀk-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*monHk-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *monHk-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "μάσσω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to knead"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek μάσσω (mássō, “to knead”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "μαγῆναι"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek μαγῆναι (magênai)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*mn̥kyeti",
        "3": "*mn̥k-y-oh₂"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mn̥k-y-oh₂",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Cognate with Lithuanian mìnkyti (“to knead”), Latvian mîcît (“to knead”), Old English menġan (“to mix”), and more distantly with Lithuanian mánkyti (“to knead, to press, to crumple”).\n* Derksen: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *manˀk-, from Proto-Indo-European *monHk-, from the root *menHk-.\n* Vasmer, Trubachev, Chernykh: Further cognate with Ancient Greek μάσσω (mássō, “to knead”) (aorist passive Ancient Greek μαγῆναι (magênai)) < Proto-Indo-European *mn̥k-y-oh₂. Chernykh, quoting Pokorny, gives the root as *men(H)k-; Rix prefers non-laryngeal *menk-, despite the Balto-Slavic evidence for a laryngeal (which he notes). According to Derksen, quoting Chantraine, the Greek root could be either μαγ- (mag-) or μακ- (mak-), despite the aorist passive. Derksen, however, would rather derive the Greek word from a different root *meh₂ǵ-; see *màzati (“to oil, to smear, to anoint”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "mę̀knǫti",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknenьje",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknǫti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknǫtъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknlъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "l-participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknenъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknomъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękny",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknoxъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękne",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękne",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknǫ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękneši",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknetь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknově",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknoxově",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękneta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknosta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknoste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknevě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękneta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknomъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknoxomъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknoste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknǫ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknošę",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknemъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknǫtь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękněaxъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękněaše",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękněaše",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękněaxově",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękněašeta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękněašete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękněvě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękněta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękněaxomъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękněašete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękněaxǫ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękněmъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękněte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "mękn-",
        "ap": "a"
      },
      "name": "sla-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/męknǫti",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -C-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to become soft"
      ],
      "id": "en-męknǫti-sla-pro-verb-wYWMa3It",
      "links": [
        [
          "become",
          "become"
        ],
        [
          "soft",
          "soft"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "english": "to torture, to torment",
          "word": "mǫ̀čiti"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "soft"
          ],
          "word": "mę̏kъkъ"
        },
        {
          "english": "torture, torment",
          "word": "mǫ̀ka"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Rick Derksen"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "męknǫti"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Church Slavonic: мѧкнѫти (męknǫti)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "мѧкънꙋти"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: мѧкънꙋти (mękŭnuti)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: мѧкънꙋти (mękŭnuti)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "мя́кнуць"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: мя́кнуць (mjáknucʹ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: мя́кнуць (mjáknucʹ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "мя́кнуть"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: мя́кнуть (mjáknutʹ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: мя́кнуть (mjáknutʹ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "м'я́кнути"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: м'я́кнути (mʺjáknuty)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: м'я́кнути (mʺjáknuty)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Cyrillic: (оумѧкнѫти (umęknǫti))"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Glagolitic: (ⱆⰿⱔⰽⱀⱘⱅⰻ (umęknǫti))"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "ме̏кнути",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: ме̏кнути",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: ме̏кнути"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "mȅknuti",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: mȅknuti",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: mȅknuti"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "mẹ́kniti",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: mẹ́kniti",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mẹ́kniti"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: mẹ́kniti (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "obsolete"
          },
          "expansion": "(obsolete)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: mẹ́kniti (tonal orthography) (obsolete)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "měknout"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: měknout",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: měknout"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "mięknąć"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: mięknąć",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: mięknąć"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "mäknúť"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: mäknúť",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: mäknúť"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "mjaknyć"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: mjaknyć",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: mjaknyć"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "měknuś"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: měknuś",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: měknuś"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "mìnkyti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to knead"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian mìnkyti (“to knead”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "mîcît",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to knead"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian mîcît (“to knead”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "menġan",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to mix"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English menġan (“to mix”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "mánkyti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to knead, to press, to crumple"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian mánkyti (“to knead, to press, to crumple”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*manˀk-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *manˀk-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*monHk-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *monHk-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "μάσσω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to knead"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek μάσσω (mássō, “to knead”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "μαγῆναι"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek μαγῆναι (magênai)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*mn̥kyeti",
        "3": "*mn̥k-y-oh₂"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mn̥k-y-oh₂",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Cognate with Lithuanian mìnkyti (“to knead”), Latvian mîcît (“to knead”), Old English menġan (“to mix”), and more distantly with Lithuanian mánkyti (“to knead, to press, to crumple”).\n* Derksen: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *manˀk-, from Proto-Indo-European *monHk-, from the root *menHk-.\n* Vasmer, Trubachev, Chernykh: Further cognate with Ancient Greek μάσσω (mássō, “to knead”) (aorist passive Ancient Greek μαγῆναι (magênai)) < Proto-Indo-European *mn̥k-y-oh₂. Chernykh, quoting Pokorny, gives the root as *men(H)k-; Rix prefers non-laryngeal *menk-, despite the Balto-Slavic evidence for a laryngeal (which he notes). According to Derksen, quoting Chantraine, the Greek root could be either μαγ- (mag-) or μακ- (mak-), despite the aorist passive. Derksen, however, would rather derive the Greek word from a different root *meh₂ǵ-; see *màzati (“to oil, to smear, to anoint”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "mę̀knǫti",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknenьje",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknǫti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknǫtъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknlъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "l-participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknenъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknomъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękny",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknoxъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękne",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękne",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknǫ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękneši",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknetь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknově",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknoxově",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękneta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknosta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknoste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknevě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękneta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknomъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknoxomъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknoste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknǫ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknošę",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknemъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "męknǫtь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękněaxъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękněaše",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękněaše",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękněaxově",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękněašeta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękněašete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękněvě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękněta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękněaxomъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękněašete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękněaxǫ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękněmъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mękněte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "mękn-",
        "ap": "a"
      },
      "name": "sla-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/męknǫti",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "to torture, to torment",
      "word": "mǫ̀čiti"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "soft"
      ],
      "word": "mę̏kъkъ"
    },
    {
      "english": "torture, torment",
      "word": "mǫ̀ka"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
        "Proto-Slavic verbs",
        "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -C-",
        "Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm a",
        "sla-conj with extra parameters/ap",
        "sla-conj with extra parameters/n"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to become soft"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "become",
          "become"
        ],
        [
          "soft",
          "soft"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Rick Derksen"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "męknǫti"
}

Download raw JSONL data for męknǫti meaning in Proto-Slavic (11.4kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.