See liňati in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [], "text": "East Slavic:" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "be", "2": "ліня́ць" }, "expansion": "Belarusian: ліня́ць (linjácʹ)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "dialectal" }, "expansion": "(dialectal)", "name": "q" } ], "text": "Belarusian: ліня́ць (linjácʹ); ліна́ць (linácʹ) ліні́цца (linícca) (dialectal)" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "zle-mru", "2": "линѧ́ть", "sc": "Cyrs" }, "expansion": "Middle Russian: линѧ́ть (linjátʹ)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "16ᵗʰ cent." }, "expansion": "(16ᵗʰ cent.)", "name": "q" } ], "text": "Middle Russian: линѧ́ть (linjátʹ) (16ᵗʰ cent.)" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ru", "2": "линя́ть" }, "expansion": "Russian: линя́ть (linjátʹ)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "dialectal" }, "expansion": "(dialectal)", "name": "q" } ], "text": "Russian: линя́ть (linjátʹ); лина́ть (linátʹ) (dialectal)" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "uk", "2": "линя́ти" }, "expansion": "Ukrainian: линя́ти (lynjáty)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Ukrainian: линя́ти (lynjáty)" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "uk", "2": "ви́линяти", "3": "полиня́ти", "der": "1" }, "expansion": "⇒ Ukrainian: ви́линяти (výlynjaty), полиня́ти (polynjáty)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "⇒ Ukrainian: ви́линяти (výlynjaty), полиня́ти (polynjáty)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [], "text": "South Slavic:" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sh", "2": "-" }, "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Serbo-Croatian:" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sh", "2": "лѝњати", "sclb": "1" }, "expansion": "Cyrillic script: лѝњати", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Cyrillic script: лѝњати" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sh", "2": "lìnjati", "sclb": "1" }, "expansion": "Latin script: lìnjati", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Latin script: lìnjati" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [], "text": "West Slavic:" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "zlw-ocs", "2": "línati" }, "expansion": "Old Czech: línati", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Old Czech: línati" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cs", "2": "línat" }, "expansion": "Czech: línat", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Czech: línat" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "pl", "2": "liniać" }, "expansion": "Polish: liniać", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Polish: liniać" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sk", "2": "liеniť" }, "expansion": "Slovak: liеniť", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Slovak: liеniť" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [], "text": "Sorbian:" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "hsb", "2": "linać" }, "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: linać", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Upper Sorbian: linać" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "dsb", "2": "linaś" }, "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: linaś", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Lower Sorbian: linaś" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "derived terms", "2": "derived" }, "expansion": "derived", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "sla-pro", "2": "ine-bsl-pro", "3": "*leinás", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": "" }, "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *leinás", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "sla-pro", "2": "ine-bsl-pro", "3": "*leinás", "nocap": "1", "t1": "slender" }, "expansion": "derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic *leinás", "name": "der+" }, { "args": { "1": "sla-pro", "2": "*-jati" }, "expansion": "*-jati", "name": "affix" }, { "args": { "1": "lt", "2": "leĩnas", "3": "", "4": "thin, slender" }, "expansion": "Lithuanian leĩnas (“thin, slender”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "Probably derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic *leinás + *-jati. Stem cognate with Lithuanian leĩnas (“thin, slender”).\nVasmer proposes further relation to *lěnъ (“lazy, sluggish”).", "forms": [ { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "sla-conj", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "?", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "accent-paradigm" ] }, { "form": "liňanьje", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "noun-from-verb" ] }, { "form": "liňati", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "infinitive" ] }, { "form": "liňatъ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "supine" ] }, { "form": "liňalъ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "l-participle" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "sla-conj", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "?", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "accent-paradigm" ] }, { "form": "liňanъ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "participle", "passive", "past" ] }, { "form": "liňajemъ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "participle", "passive", "present" ] }, { "form": "liňavъ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "active", "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "liňaję", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "active", "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "sla-conj", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "?", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "accent-paradigm" ] }, { "form": "liňaxъ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "aorist", "first-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "liňa", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "aorist", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "liňa", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "aorist", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "liňajǫ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "liňaješi", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "liňajetь", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "liňaxově", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "aorist", "dual", "first-person" ] }, { "form": "liňasta", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "aorist", "dual", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "liňaste", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "aorist", "dual", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "liňajevě", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "dual", "first-person", "present" ] }, { "form": "liňajeta", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "dual", "present", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "liňajete", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "dual", "present", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "liňaxomъ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "aorist", "first-person", "plural" ] }, { "form": "liňaste", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "aorist", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "liňašę", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "aorist", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "liňajemъ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "plural", "present" ] }, { "form": "liňajete", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "plural", "present", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "liňajǫtь", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "plural", "present", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "liňaaxъ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "singular" ] }, { "form": "liňaaše", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "liňaaše", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "liňaji", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "liňaji", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "liňaaxově", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "dual", "first-person", "imperfect" ] }, { "form": "liňaašeta", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "dual", "imperfect", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "liňaašete", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "dual", "imperfect", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "liňajivě", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "dual", "first-person", "imperative" ] }, { "form": "liňajita", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "dual", "imperative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "dual", "imperative", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "liňaaxomъ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "plural" ] }, { "form": "liňaašete", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "liňaaxǫ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "liňajimъ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "liňajite", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "plural", "third-person" ] } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "", "2": "-1" }, "name": "sla-conj" } ], "lang": "Proto-Slavic", "lang_code": "sla-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/liňati", "pos": "verb", "related": [ { "_dis1": "0 0", "tags": [ "causative" ], "word": "liniti" }, { "_dis1": "0 0", "tags": [ "stative" ], "word": "liněti" } ], "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "to moult" ], "id": "en-liňati-sla-pro-verb-paqH7~6k", "links": [ [ "moult", "moult" ] ], "tags": [ "imperfective", "reconstruction" ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "32 68", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "29 71", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "19 81", "kind": "other", "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 87", "kind": "other", "name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-jati", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "14 86", "kind": "other", "name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a-", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "to fade, to wither" ], "id": "en-liňati-sla-pro-verb-ElyOEPff", "links": [ [ "fade", "fade" ], [ "wither", "wither" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(by extension) to fade, to wither" ], "tags": [ "broadly", "imperfective", "reconstruction" ] } ], "word": "liňati" }
{ "categories": [ "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header", "Proto-Slavic imperfective verbs", "Proto-Slavic lemmas", "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic", "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-jati", "Proto-Slavic terms with redundant head parameter", "Proto-Slavic verbs", "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a-", "sla-conj with extra parameters/n" ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [], "text": "East Slavic:" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "be", "2": "ліня́ць" }, "expansion": "Belarusian: ліня́ць (linjácʹ)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "dialectal" }, "expansion": "(dialectal)", "name": "q" } ], "text": "Belarusian: ліня́ць (linjácʹ); ліна́ць (linácʹ) ліні́цца (linícca) (dialectal)" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "zle-mru", "2": "линѧ́ть", "sc": "Cyrs" }, "expansion": "Middle Russian: линѧ́ть (linjátʹ)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "16ᵗʰ cent." }, "expansion": "(16ᵗʰ cent.)", "name": "q" } ], "text": "Middle Russian: линѧ́ть (linjátʹ) (16ᵗʰ cent.)" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ru", "2": "линя́ть" }, "expansion": "Russian: линя́ть (linjátʹ)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "dialectal" }, "expansion": "(dialectal)", "name": "q" } ], "text": "Russian: линя́ть (linjátʹ); лина́ть (linátʹ) (dialectal)" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "uk", "2": "линя́ти" }, "expansion": "Ukrainian: линя́ти (lynjáty)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Ukrainian: линя́ти (lynjáty)" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "uk", "2": "ви́линяти", "3": "полиня́ти", "der": "1" }, "expansion": "⇒ Ukrainian: ви́линяти (výlynjaty), полиня́ти (polynjáty)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "⇒ Ukrainian: ви́линяти (výlynjaty), полиня́ти (polynjáty)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [], "text": "South Slavic:" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sh", "2": "-" }, "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Serbo-Croatian:" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sh", "2": "лѝњати", "sclb": "1" }, "expansion": "Cyrillic script: лѝњати", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Cyrillic script: лѝњати" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sh", "2": "lìnjati", "sclb": "1" }, "expansion": "Latin script: lìnjati", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Latin script: lìnjati" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [], "text": "West Slavic:" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "zlw-ocs", "2": "línati" }, "expansion": "Old Czech: línati", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Old Czech: línati" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cs", "2": "línat" }, "expansion": "Czech: línat", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Czech: línat" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "pl", "2": "liniać" }, "expansion": "Polish: liniać", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Polish: liniać" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sk", "2": "liеniť" }, "expansion": "Slovak: liеniť", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Slovak: liеniť" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [], "text": "Sorbian:" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "hsb", "2": "linać" }, "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: linać", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Upper Sorbian: linać" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "dsb", "2": "linaś" }, "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: linaś", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Lower Sorbian: linaś" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "derived terms", "2": "derived" }, "expansion": "derived", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "sla-pro", "2": "ine-bsl-pro", "3": "*leinás", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": "" }, "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *leinás", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "sla-pro", "2": "ine-bsl-pro", "3": "*leinás", "nocap": "1", "t1": "slender" }, "expansion": "derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic *leinás", "name": "der+" }, { "args": { "1": "sla-pro", "2": "*-jati" }, "expansion": "*-jati", "name": "affix" }, { "args": { "1": "lt", "2": "leĩnas", "3": "", "4": "thin, slender" }, "expansion": "Lithuanian leĩnas (“thin, slender”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "Probably derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic *leinás + *-jati. Stem cognate with Lithuanian leĩnas (“thin, slender”).\nVasmer proposes further relation to *lěnъ (“lazy, sluggish”).", "forms": [ { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "sla-conj", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "?", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "accent-paradigm" ] }, { "form": "liňanьje", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "noun-from-verb" ] }, { "form": "liňati", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "infinitive" ] }, { "form": "liňatъ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "supine" ] }, { "form": "liňalъ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "l-participle" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "sla-conj", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "?", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "accent-paradigm" ] }, { "form": "liňanъ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "participle", "passive", "past" ] }, { "form": "liňajemъ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "participle", "passive", "present" ] }, { "form": "liňavъ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "active", "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "liňaję", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "active", "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "sla-conj", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "?", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "accent-paradigm" ] }, { "form": "liňaxъ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "aorist", "first-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "liňa", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "aorist", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "liňa", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "aorist", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "liňajǫ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "liňaješi", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "liňajetь", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "liňaxově", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "aorist", "dual", "first-person" ] }, { "form": "liňasta", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "aorist", "dual", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "liňaste", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "aorist", "dual", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "liňajevě", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "dual", "first-person", "present" ] }, { "form": "liňajeta", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "dual", "present", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "liňajete", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "dual", "present", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "liňaxomъ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "aorist", "first-person", "plural" ] }, { "form": "liňaste", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "aorist", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "liňašę", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "aorist", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "liňajemъ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "plural", "present" ] }, { "form": "liňajete", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "plural", "present", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "liňajǫtь", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "plural", "present", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "liňaaxъ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "singular" ] }, { "form": "liňaaše", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "liňaaše", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "liňaji", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "liňaji", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "liňaaxově", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "dual", "first-person", "imperfect" ] }, { "form": "liňaašeta", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "dual", "imperfect", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "liňaašete", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "dual", "imperfect", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "liňajivě", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "dual", "first-person", "imperative" ] }, { "form": "liňajita", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "dual", "imperative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "dual", "imperative", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "liňaaxomъ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "plural" ] }, { "form": "liňaašete", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "liňaaxǫ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "liňajimъ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "liňajite", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "plural", "third-person" ] } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "", "2": "-1" }, "name": "sla-conj" } ], "lang": "Proto-Slavic", "lang_code": "sla-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/liňati", "pos": "verb", "related": [ { "tags": [ "causative" ], "word": "liniti" }, { "tags": [ "stative" ], "word": "liněti" } ], "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "to moult" ], "links": [ [ "moult", "moult" ] ], "tags": [ "imperfective", "reconstruction" ] }, { "glosses": [ "to fade, to wither" ], "links": [ [ "fade", "fade" ], [ "wither", "wither" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(by extension) to fade, to wither" ], "tags": [ "broadly", "imperfective", "reconstruction" ] } ], "word": "liňati" }
Download raw JSONL data for liňati meaning in Proto-Slavic (9.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.