See kuga in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ку́га"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: ку́га (kúga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: ку́га (kúga)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ку̏га",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: ку̏га",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: ку̏га"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "kȕga",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: kȕga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: kȕga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "kúga"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: kúga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: kúga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "kužba",
"der": "1",
"t": "contagion"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Slovene: kužba (“contagion”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Slovene: kužba (“contagion”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kujati",
"3": "*-ga",
"t1": "to caw, to cry"
},
"expansion": "*kujati (“to caw, to cry”) + *-ga",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kuhōną",
"3": "",
"4": "to cough, to gasp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kuhōną (“to cough, to gasp”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "goh",
"3": "koge",
"4": "",
"5": "infection"
},
"expansion": "Old High German koge (“infection”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "кугла",
"3": "",
"4": "ball"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian кугла (“ball”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kugel"
},
"expansion": "German Kugel",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "корпа",
"3": "",
"4": "box, basket"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian корпа (“box, basket”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Korb"
},
"expansion": "German Korb",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Per Trubachev, of onomatopoeic origin, probably from a semantic kernel like *kujati (“to caw, to cry”) + *-ga. Analogical to Proto-Germanic *kuhōną (“to cough, to gasp”).\nPer Snoj, a borrowing from Old High German koge (“infection”) (specifically Bawarian dialects) is suggested, however, that lemma is too young to have been reflected with *-u- in Slavic (compare Serbo-Croatian кугла (“ball”) < German Kugel : Serbo-Croatian корпа (“box, basket”) < German Korb). Rejected by Trubachev.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kùga",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kuga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kùdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kùdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kùdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgǭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgamī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kùdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kùdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kuga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ga",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to cough severely, to cry",
"word": "kugykati"
},
{
"english": "owl; East Slavic",
"tags": [
"regional"
],
"word": "kugačь"
},
{
"english": "contagion",
"sense": "*kužiti (“to get infected”)",
"word": "kužьba"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plague, epidemic"
],
"id": "en-kuga-sla-pro-noun-bcimSgpo",
"links": [
[
"plague",
"plague"
],
[
"epidemic",
"epidemic"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "to caw",
"word": "kujati"
},
{
"english": "to cuckoo",
"word": "kukati"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*čuma"
},
{
"word": "*prokaza"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kuga"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "to cough severely, to cry",
"word": "kugykati"
},
{
"english": "contagion",
"sense": "*kužiti (“to get infected”)",
"word": "kužьba"
},
{
"english": "owl; East Slavic",
"tags": [
"regional"
],
"word": "kugačь"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ку́га"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: ку́га (kúga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: ку́га (kúga)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ку̏га",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: ку̏га",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: ку̏га"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "kȕga",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: kȕga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: kȕga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "kúga"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: kúga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: kúga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "kužba",
"der": "1",
"t": "contagion"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Slovene: kužba (“contagion”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Slovene: kužba (“contagion”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kujati",
"3": "*-ga",
"t1": "to caw, to cry"
},
"expansion": "*kujati (“to caw, to cry”) + *-ga",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kuhōną",
"3": "",
"4": "to cough, to gasp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kuhōną (“to cough, to gasp”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "goh",
"3": "koge",
"4": "",
"5": "infection"
},
"expansion": "Old High German koge (“infection”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "кугла",
"3": "",
"4": "ball"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian кугла (“ball”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kugel"
},
"expansion": "German Kugel",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "корпа",
"3": "",
"4": "box, basket"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian корпа (“box, basket”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Korb"
},
"expansion": "German Korb",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Per Trubachev, of onomatopoeic origin, probably from a semantic kernel like *kujati (“to caw, to cry”) + *-ga. Analogical to Proto-Germanic *kuhōną (“to cough, to gasp”).\nPer Snoj, a borrowing from Old High German koge (“infection”) (specifically Bawarian dialects) is suggested, however, that lemma is too young to have been reflected with *-u- in Slavic (compare Serbo-Croatian кугла (“ball”) < German Kugel : Serbo-Croatian корпа (“box, basket”) < German Korb). Rejected by Trubachev.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kùga",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kuga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kùdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kùdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kùdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgǭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgamī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kùdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kùdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kùgy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kuga",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "to caw",
"word": "kujati"
},
{
"english": "to cuckoo",
"word": "kukati"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic onomatopoeias",
"Proto-Slavic terms borrowed from Old High German",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Old High German",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ga",
"sla-pro:Diseases"
],
"glosses": [
"plague, epidemic"
],
"links": [
[
"plague",
"plague"
],
[
"epidemic",
"epidemic"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*čuma"
},
{
"word": "*prokaza"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kuga"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kuga meaning in Proto-Slavic (5.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.