See grьkъ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for grьkъ meaning in Proto-Slavic (7.5kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "грькъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: грькъ (grĭkŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: грькъ (grĭkŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "грекъ",
"3": "кгрекъ",
"noalts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: грекъ (hrek), кгрекъ (grek)\nBelarusian: грэк (hrek)\nCarpathian Rusyn: Ґрек (Grek)\nUkrainian: грек (hrek)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: грекъ (hrek), кгрекъ (grek)\nBelarusian: грэк (hrek)\nCarpathian Rusyn: Ґрек (Grek)\nUkrainian: грек (hrek)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "грек"
},
"expansion": "Russian: грек (grek)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: грек (grek)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⰳⱃⱐⰽⱏ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⰳⱃⱐⰽⱏ (grĭkŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: ⰳⱃⱐⰽⱏ (grĭkŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "грькъ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: грькъ (grĭkŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: грькъ (grĭkŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "Гр̏к",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: Гр̏к",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: Гр̏к"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "Gȑk",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: Gȑk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: Gȑk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "Gȓk",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: Gȓk",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Gȓk"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: Gȓk (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: Gȓk (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "Hřěk",
"3": "Řěk"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: Hřěk, Řěk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: Hřěk, Řěk"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "Řek"
},
"expansion": "Czech: Řek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: Řek"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "Hrjek",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lower Sorbian: Hrjek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lower Sorbian: Hrjek"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "Grek"
},
"expansion": "Polish: Grek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: Grek"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-osk",
"2": "Grék"
},
"expansion": "Old Slovak: Grék",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Slovak: Grék"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"2": "Грек"
},
"expansion": "Pannonian Rusyn: Грек (Hrek)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pannonian Rusyn: Грек (Hrek)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "Grék",
"3": ";",
"4": "Rék",
"qq": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: Grék; Rék (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: Grék; Rék (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "Grek"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: Grek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: Grek"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "Grjek"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: Grjek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: Grjek"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Non-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "gërk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: gërk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: gërk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "graecus"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin graecus",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "grc",
"3": "Γραικός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Γραικός (Graikós)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "grecíscus"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin grecíscus",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Balkan Vulgar Latin graecus, from Ancient Greek Γραικός (Graikós), of uncertain origin.\nIt's not entirely clear why near-open -ae- was substituted with close *ь (*ĭ). On the one hand Simeonov proposed Thracian-related influence. On the other hand Skok and Shevelyov proposed that Vulgar Latin grecíscus was borrowed into *grьčьskъ first, with back-formation of *grьci and *grьčinъ, and only then *grьkъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "grьkъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grьka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "grьci",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grьka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grьku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grьkъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grьku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grьkoma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grьkomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grьkъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grьka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grьky",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grьkъmь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grьkomь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grьkoma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "grьky",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grьcě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grьku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "grьcěxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grьče",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grьka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grьci",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grьkъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "Greek",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "grьčьskъ"
},
{
"word": "grьkyni"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Greek"
],
"id": "en-grьkъ-sla-pro-noun-XHTluBAM",
"links": [
[
"Greek",
"Greek"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "+ *-inъ",
"word": "grьčinъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Vladimir Orel"
]
}
],
"word": "grьkъ"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "Greek",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "grьčьskъ"
},
{
"word": "grьkyni"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "грькъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: грькъ (grĭkŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: грькъ (grĭkŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "грекъ",
"3": "кгрекъ",
"noalts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: грекъ (hrek), кгрекъ (grek)\nBelarusian: грэк (hrek)\nCarpathian Rusyn: Ґрек (Grek)\nUkrainian: грек (hrek)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: грекъ (hrek), кгрекъ (grek)\nBelarusian: грэк (hrek)\nCarpathian Rusyn: Ґрек (Grek)\nUkrainian: грек (hrek)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "грек"
},
"expansion": "Russian: грек (grek)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: грек (grek)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⰳⱃⱐⰽⱏ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⰳⱃⱐⰽⱏ (grĭkŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: ⰳⱃⱐⰽⱏ (grĭkŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "грькъ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: грькъ (grĭkŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: грькъ (grĭkŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "Гр̏к",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: Гр̏к",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: Гр̏к"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "Gȑk",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: Gȑk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: Gȑk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "Gȓk",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: Gȓk",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Gȓk"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: Gȓk (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: Gȓk (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "Hřěk",
"3": "Řěk"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: Hřěk, Řěk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: Hřěk, Řěk"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "Řek"
},
"expansion": "Czech: Řek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: Řek"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "Hrjek",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lower Sorbian: Hrjek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lower Sorbian: Hrjek"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "Grek"
},
"expansion": "Polish: Grek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: Grek"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-osk",
"2": "Grék"
},
"expansion": "Old Slovak: Grék",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Slovak: Grék"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"2": "Грек"
},
"expansion": "Pannonian Rusyn: Грек (Hrek)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pannonian Rusyn: Грек (Hrek)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "Grék",
"3": ";",
"4": "Rék",
"qq": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: Grék; Rék (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: Grék; Rék (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "Grek"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: Grek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: Grek"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "Grjek"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: Grjek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: Grjek"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Non-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "gërk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: gërk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: gërk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "graecus"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin graecus",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "grc",
"3": "Γραικός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Γραικός (Graikós)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "grecíscus"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin grecíscus",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Balkan Vulgar Latin graecus, from Ancient Greek Γραικός (Graikós), of uncertain origin.\nIt's not entirely clear why near-open -ae- was substituted with close *ь (*ĭ). On the one hand Simeonov proposed Thracian-related influence. On the other hand Skok and Shevelyov proposed that Vulgar Latin grecíscus was borrowed into *grьčьskъ first, with back-formation of *grьci and *grьčinъ, and only then *grьkъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "grьkъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grьka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "grьci",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grьka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grьku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grьkъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grьku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grьkoma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grьkomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grьkъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grьka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grьky",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grьkъmь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grьkomь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grьkoma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "grьky",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grьcě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grьku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "grьcěxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grьče",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grьka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grьci",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grьkъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms borrowed from Vulgar Latin",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Proto-Slavic terms with redundant head parameter",
"sla-pro:Demonyms",
"sla-pro:Nationalities"
],
"glosses": [
"Greek"
],
"links": [
[
"Greek",
"Greek"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Vladimir Orel"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "+ *-inъ",
"word": "grьčinъ"
}
],
"word": "grьkъ"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.