See gorьkъ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "bitter appetizer",
"translation": "bitter appetizer",
"word": "gorьčica"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "bitter",
"translation": "bitter",
"word": "gorьčivъ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "hórki",
"word": "го́ркі"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "górʹkij",
"word": "го́рький"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "hirkýj",
"word": "гірки́й"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "górǎk",
"word": "го́рък"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "gorĭkŭ",
"word": "горькъ"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "gorok",
"word": "горок"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "го́рак"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "górak"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "bitter",
"word": "hořký"
},
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "hot",
"word": "horký"
},
{
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"word": "ďörťĕ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "bitter",
"word": "gorzki"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "gorski"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"sense": "bitter",
"word": "gorzki"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"sense": "hot",
"word": "gorki"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "gorki"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "bitter",
"word": "gorzki"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "gorski"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"sense": "bitter",
"word": "gorzki"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"sense": "hot",
"word": "gorki"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "gorski"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "bitter",
"word": "gorzki"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "gorski"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"sense": "bitter",
"word": "gorzki"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"sense": "hot",
"word": "gorki"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"sense": "bitter",
"word": "gorzki"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "gòrzczi"
},
{
"lang": "Slovincian",
"lang_code": "zlw-slv",
"word": "gôrzkjy"
}
],
"lang": "Pomeranian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "horký"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "górki"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "hórki"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷʰer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*goře",
"3": "*-ьkъ",
"t1": "sorrow, grief"
},
"expansion": "*goře (“sorrow, grief”) + *-ьkъ",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *goře (“sorrow, grief”) + *-ьkъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gȍrьkъ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkъjь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkajego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkajego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkujemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkujemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkъjь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkǫjǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjimь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkǫjǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjimь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkějemь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkějemь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkъjь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkiji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkъjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkъjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkъjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjimъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjimъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjimъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkiji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gorьkъ",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to burn",
"translation": "to burn",
"word": "gorěti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "fervent, scorching",
"translation": "fervent, scorching",
"word": "žarъkъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "technically the comparative degree of *gȍrьkъ",
"english": "worse",
"translation": "worse",
"word": "gořьjь"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ьkъ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bitter (for taste)"
],
"id": "en-gorьkъ-sla-pro-adj-wYkBKmes",
"links": [
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ьkъ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sorrowful (for situation, emotion)"
],
"id": "en-gorьkъ-sla-pro-adj-r2~mFW6N",
"links": [
[
"sorrowful",
"sorrowful"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) sorrowful (for situation, emotion)"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "gorьkъ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic adjectives",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard adjectives",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷʰer-",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ьkъ",
"sla-pro:Taste"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "bitter appetizer",
"translation": "bitter appetizer",
"word": "gorьčica"
},
{
"english": "bitter",
"translation": "bitter",
"word": "gorьčivъ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "hórki",
"word": "го́ркі"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "górʹkij",
"word": "го́рький"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "hirkýj",
"word": "гірки́й"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "górǎk",
"word": "го́рък"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "gorĭkŭ",
"word": "горькъ"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "gorok",
"word": "горок"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "го́рак"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "górak"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "bitter",
"word": "hořký"
},
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "hot",
"word": "horký"
},
{
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"word": "ďörťĕ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "bitter",
"word": "gorzki"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "gorski"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"sense": "bitter",
"word": "gorzki"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"sense": "hot",
"word": "gorki"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "gorki"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "bitter",
"word": "gorzki"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "gorski"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"sense": "bitter",
"word": "gorzki"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"sense": "hot",
"word": "gorki"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "gorski"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "bitter",
"word": "gorzki"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "gorski"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"sense": "bitter",
"word": "gorzki"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"sense": "hot",
"word": "gorki"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"sense": "bitter",
"word": "gorzki"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "gòrzczi"
},
{
"lang": "Slovincian",
"lang_code": "zlw-slv",
"word": "gôrzkjy"
}
],
"lang": "Pomeranian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "horký"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "górki"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "hórki"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷʰer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*goře",
"3": "*-ьkъ",
"t1": "sorrow, grief"
},
"expansion": "*goře (“sorrow, grief”) + *-ьkъ",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *goře (“sorrow, grief”) + *-ьkъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gȍrьkъ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkъjь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkajego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkajego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkujemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkujemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkъjь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkǫjǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjimь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkǫjǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjimь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkějemь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkějemь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkъjь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkiji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkъjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkъjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkъjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjimъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjimъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjimъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkiji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorьkaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gorьkъ",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"english": "to burn",
"translation": "to burn",
"word": "gorěti"
},
{
"english": "fervent, scorching",
"translation": "fervent, scorching",
"word": "žarъkъ"
},
{
"alt": "technically the comparative degree of *gȍrьkъ",
"english": "worse",
"translation": "worse",
"word": "gořьjь"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bitter (for taste)"
],
"links": [
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sorrowful (for situation, emotion)"
],
"links": [
[
"sorrowful",
"sorrowful"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) sorrowful (for situation, emotion)"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "gorьkъ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gorьkъ meaning in Proto-Slavic (16.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-10-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-10-21 using wiktextract (b9d36ff and 0a198a9). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.