See esmь in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "есмь"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: есмь (jesmĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: есмь (jesmĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "есмь"
},
"expansion": "Russian: есмь (jesmʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: есмь (jesmʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "єсьм"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: єсьм (jesʹm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: єсьм (jesʹm)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rue",
"2": "єм"
},
"expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: єм (jem)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Carpathian Rusyn: єм (jem)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ono",
"2": "есмь"
},
"expansion": "Old Novgorodian: есмь (jesmĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Novgorodian: есмь (jesmĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ѥсмь"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: ѥсмь (jesmĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: ѥсмь (jesmĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "съм",
"3": "сам"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: съм (sǎm), сам (sam)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: съм (sǎm), сам (sam)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "сум"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: сум (sum)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: сум (sum)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "јѐсам",
"3": "сам",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: јѐсам, сам",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: јѐсам, сам"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "jèsam",
"3": "sam",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: jèsam, sam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: jèsam, sam"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "ieſem"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: ieſem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Slovene: ieſem"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "sem"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: sem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: sem"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "jsem"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: jsem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: jsem"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "jsem"
},
"expansion": "Czech: jsem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: jsem"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Moravian: su"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "jem"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: jem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: jem"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "jeśm",
"alt": "jeśm (iesm/gesm)"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: jeśm (iesm/gesm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: jeśm (iesm/gesm)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-m"
},
"expansion": "Polish: -m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: -m"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "jest jeśm",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Polish: jest jeśm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Polish: jest jeśm, jestem"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "jestem"
},
"expansion": "Polish: jestem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: jestem"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-osk",
"2": "som"
},
"expansion": "Old Slovak: som",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Slovak: som"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"2": "сом"
},
"expansion": "Pannonian Rusyn: сом (som)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pannonian Rusyn: сом (som)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "som"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: som",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: som"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "sym"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: sym",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: sym"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "som"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: som",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: som"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*esmi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *esmi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁ésmi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "esmì"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian esmì",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "asmai"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian asmai",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "ṣem"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A ṣem",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "ṣeym"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B ṣeym",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अस्मि"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit अस्मि (asmi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬀𐬵𐬨𐬍"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬀𐬵𐬨𐬍 (ahmī)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "եմ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian եմ (em)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒂊𒌍𒈪",
"tr": "esmi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒈪 (esmi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "εἰμί"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek εἰμί (eimí)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc-aeo",
"2": "ἔμμι"
},
"expansion": "Aeolic Greek ἔμμι (émmi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "jam"
},
"expansion": "Albanian jam",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sum"
},
"expansion": "Latin sum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*immi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *immi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "am"
},
"expansion": "English am",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "em"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse em",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *esmi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi.\nBaltic cognates are\nLithuanian esmì,\nOld Prussian asmai.\nIndo-European cognates are\nTocharian A ṣem,\nTocharian B ṣeym,\nSanskrit अस्मि (asmi),\nAvestan 𐬀𐬵𐬨𐬍 (ahmī),\nOld Armenian եմ (em),\nHittite 𒂊𒌍𒈪 (esmi),\nAncient Greek εἰμί (eimí), Aeolic Greek ἔμμι (émmi),\nAlbanian jam,\nLatin sum,\nProto-Germanic *immi,\nEnglish am,\nOld Norse em.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "*esmь",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/esmь",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "I am",
"word": "byti"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present of *byti (I am)"
],
"id": "en-esmь-sla-pro-verb-xNmQol0~",
"links": [
[
"*byti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/byti"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"reconstruction",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "esmь"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "есмь"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: есмь (jesmĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: есмь (jesmĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "есмь"
},
"expansion": "Russian: есмь (jesmʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: есмь (jesmʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "єсьм"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: єсьм (jesʹm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: єсьм (jesʹm)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rue",
"2": "єм"
},
"expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: єм (jem)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Carpathian Rusyn: єм (jem)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ono",
"2": "есмь"
},
"expansion": "Old Novgorodian: есмь (jesmĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Novgorodian: есмь (jesmĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ѥсмь"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: ѥсмь (jesmĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: ѥсмь (jesmĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "съм",
"3": "сам"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: съм (sǎm), сам (sam)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: съм (sǎm), сам (sam)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "сум"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: сум (sum)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: сум (sum)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "јѐсам",
"3": "сам",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: јѐсам, сам",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: јѐсам, сам"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "jèsam",
"3": "sam",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: jèsam, sam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: jèsam, sam"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "ieſem"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: ieſem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Slovene: ieſem"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "sem"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: sem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: sem"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "jsem"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: jsem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: jsem"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "jsem"
},
"expansion": "Czech: jsem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: jsem"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Moravian: su"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "jem"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: jem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: jem"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "jeśm",
"alt": "jeśm (iesm/gesm)"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: jeśm (iesm/gesm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: jeśm (iesm/gesm)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-m"
},
"expansion": "Polish: -m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: -m"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "jest jeśm",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Polish: jest jeśm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Polish: jest jeśm, jestem"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "jestem"
},
"expansion": "Polish: jestem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: jestem"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-osk",
"2": "som"
},
"expansion": "Old Slovak: som",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Slovak: som"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"2": "сом"
},
"expansion": "Pannonian Rusyn: сом (som)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pannonian Rusyn: сом (som)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "som"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: som",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: som"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "sym"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: sym",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: sym"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "som"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: som",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: som"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*esmi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *esmi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁ésmi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "esmì"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian esmì",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "asmai"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian asmai",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "ṣem"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A ṣem",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "ṣeym"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B ṣeym",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अस्मि"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit अस्मि (asmi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬀𐬵𐬨𐬍"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬀𐬵𐬨𐬍 (ahmī)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "եմ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian եմ (em)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒂊𒌍𒈪",
"tr": "esmi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒈪 (esmi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "εἰμί"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek εἰμί (eimí)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc-aeo",
"2": "ἔμμι"
},
"expansion": "Aeolic Greek ἔμμι (émmi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "jam"
},
"expansion": "Albanian jam",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sum"
},
"expansion": "Latin sum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*immi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *immi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "am"
},
"expansion": "English am",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "em"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse em",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *esmi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi.\nBaltic cognates are\nLithuanian esmì,\nOld Prussian asmai.\nIndo-European cognates are\nTocharian A ṣem,\nTocharian B ṣeym,\nSanskrit अस्मि (asmi),\nAvestan 𐬀𐬵𐬨𐬍 (ahmī),\nOld Armenian եմ (em),\nHittite 𒂊𒌍𒈪 (esmi),\nAncient Greek εἰμί (eimí), Aeolic Greek ἔμμι (émmi),\nAlbanian jam,\nLatin sum,\nProto-Germanic *immi,\nEnglish am,\nOld Norse em.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "*esmь",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/esmь",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic non-lemma forms",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "I am",
"word": "byti"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present of *byti (I am)"
],
"links": [
[
"*byti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/byti"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"reconstruction",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "esmь"
}
Download raw JSONL data for esmь meaning in Proto-Slavic (7.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (f90d964 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.