See dyra in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for dyra meaning in Proto-Slavic (5.2kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "дꙑрꙗ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: дꙑрꙗ (dyrja)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: дꙑрꙗ (dyrja)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "дыра́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: дыра́ (dyrá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: дыра́ (dyrá)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "darӑ"
},
"expansion": "Polabian: darӑ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polabian: darӑ"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*der-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dira"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *dira",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dьrati",
"3": "*-a",
"alt1": "*dъrati",
"t1": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "*dъrati (“to tear”) + *-a",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*der-",
"t": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*u-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *u-",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*udъriti",
"3": "",
"4": "to flench"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *udъriti (“to flench”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dùrti",
"3": "",
"4": "to stab, to prick"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian dùrti (“to stab, to prick”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "dur̃t",
"3": "",
"4": "to stab, to prick"
},
"expansion": "Latvian dur̃t (“to stab, to prick”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "U-vocalism of Proto-Slavic *dira, from the intensive stem of *dъrati (“to tear”) + *-a, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear”). Trubachev explains *-y- with the influence of prefixed forms in Proto-Slavic *u- such as Proto-Slavic *udъriti (“to flench”), which hardened the root vowel. A similar development is attested in Lithuanian dùrti (“to stab, to prick”), Latvian dur̃t (“to stab, to prick”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dyrà",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dyra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dyrě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dyry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dyry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dyru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dyrъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dyrě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dyrama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dyramъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dyrǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dyrě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dyry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dyrojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dyrǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dyrama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "dyrami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dyrě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dyru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "dyrasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dyraxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dyro",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dyrě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dyry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dyra",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "torn, engraved",
"word": "dyravъ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crack, snick, notch"
],
"id": "en-dyra-sla-pro-noun-F1dQhu4J",
"links": [
[
"crack",
"crack"
],
[
"snick",
"snick"
],
[
"notch",
"notch"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "derti"
},
{
"english": "to tear, to flay",
"word": "dьrati"
},
{
"word": "derъ"
},
{
"english": "skinning, flaying",
"word": "derьba"
},
{
"english": "tearing, split",
"word": "dorъ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*rězъ"
},
{
"word": "*pazina"
},
{
"word": "*želbъ"
},
{
"word": "dira"
},
{
"roman": "i-reflex",
"word": "diřa"
},
{
"roman": "enlonged e-grade",
"word": "děra"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "dyra"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "torn, engraved",
"word": "dyravъ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "дꙑрꙗ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: дꙑрꙗ (dyrja)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: дꙑрꙗ (dyrja)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "дыра́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: дыра́ (dyrá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: дыра́ (dyrá)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "darӑ"
},
"expansion": "Polabian: darӑ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polabian: darӑ"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*der-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dira"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *dira",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dьrati",
"3": "*-a",
"alt1": "*dъrati",
"t1": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "*dъrati (“to tear”) + *-a",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*der-",
"t": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*u-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *u-",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*udъriti",
"3": "",
"4": "to flench"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *udъriti (“to flench”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dùrti",
"3": "",
"4": "to stab, to prick"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian dùrti (“to stab, to prick”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "dur̃t",
"3": "",
"4": "to stab, to prick"
},
"expansion": "Latvian dur̃t (“to stab, to prick”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "U-vocalism of Proto-Slavic *dira, from the intensive stem of *dъrati (“to tear”) + *-a, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear”). Trubachev explains *-y- with the influence of prefixed forms in Proto-Slavic *u- such as Proto-Slavic *udъriti (“to flench”), which hardened the root vowel. A similar development is attested in Lithuanian dùrti (“to stab, to prick”), Latvian dur̃t (“to stab, to prick”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dyrà",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dyra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dyrě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dyry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dyry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dyru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dyrъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dyrě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dyrama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dyramъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dyrǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dyrě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dyry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dyrojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dyrǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dyrama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "dyrami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dyrě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dyru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "dyrasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dyraxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dyro",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dyrě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dyry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dyra",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "derti"
},
{
"english": "to tear, to flay",
"word": "dьrati"
},
{
"word": "derъ"
},
{
"english": "skinning, flaying",
"word": "derьba"
},
{
"english": "tearing, split",
"word": "dorъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *der-",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-a"
],
"glosses": [
"crack, snick, notch"
],
"links": [
[
"crack",
"crack"
],
[
"snick",
"snick"
],
[
"notch",
"notch"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*rězъ"
},
{
"word": "*pazina"
},
{
"word": "*želbъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dira"
},
{
"roman": "i-reflex",
"word": "diřa"
},
{
"roman": "enlonged e-grade",
"word": "děra"
}
],
"word": "dyra"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.