See cěsta in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "цѣста",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: цѣста (cěsta)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: цѣста (cěsta)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⱌⱑⱄⱅⰰ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱌⱑⱄⱅⰰ (cěsta)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: ⱌⱑⱄⱅⰰ (cěsta)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "цѐста",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: цѐста",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: цѐста"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "cèsta",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: cèsta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: cèsta"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "cẹ́sta",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: cẹ́sta",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cẹ́sta"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: cẹ́sta (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: cẹ́sta (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "cěsta",
"3": "ciesta"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: cěsta, ciesta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: cěsta, ciesta"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "cesta"
},
"expansion": "Czech: cesta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: cesta"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "cesta"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: cesta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: cesta"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*cěstiti",
"3": "*-a",
"t1": "to clean"
},
"expansion": "*cěstiti (“to clean”) + *-a",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "káišti",
"3": "",
"4": "to scrape"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian káišti (“to scrape”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*káyćas",
"3": "",
"4": "curl of hair"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *káyćas (“curl of hair”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keyḱ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to snap"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *keyḱ- (“to snap”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "via trita",
"3": "",
"4": "beaten path, safe path"
},
"expansion": "Latin via trita (“beaten path, safe path”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "utarta droga"
},
"expansion": "Polish utarta droga",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*haiþī",
"3": "",
"4": "heath, wasteland"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haiþī (“heath, wasteland”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*koɨd",
"3": "",
"4": "forest"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *koɨd (“forest”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)keyt-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cleanse, to cut"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)keyt- (“to cleanse, to cut”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "scissus",
"3": "",
"4": "cut, split"
},
"expansion": "Latin scissus (“cut, split”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σχῐστός",
"3": "",
"4": "cloven, dissected"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σχῐστός (skhistós, “cloven, dissected”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*skeyd-",
"4": "*(s)keyd-",
"t": "to split, to cleave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)keyd- (“to split, to cleave”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Most likely akin to *cěstiti (“to clean”) + *-a. Possibly an old calque of Latin strāta (“paved road”) or Ancient Greek πλατεῖα (plateîa, “street”), which according to Skok explains its limited distribution. According to Derksen, the best etymology is by Zubatý 1894 who connects it with Lithuanian káišti (“to scrape”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *káyćas (“curl of hair”) from Proto-Indo-European *keyḱ- (“to snap”), with \"road\" being a \"worn path\" or \"flattened/cleared path\"; compare Latin via trita (“beaten path, safe path”) and Polish utarta droga.\nAlternatively, from pre-Slavic *cětta/*cědta related to Proto-Germanic *haiþī (“heath, wasteland”), Proto-Brythonic *koɨd (“forest”) from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keyt- (“to cleanse, to cut”) or to Latin scissus (“cut, split”), Ancient Greek σχῐστός (skhistós, “cloven, dissected”) from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keyd- (“to split, to cleave”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cě̀sta",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀sta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀stě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀sty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀sty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀stu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀stъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀stě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀stama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀stamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀stǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀stě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀sty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀stojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀stǭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀stama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀stamī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀stě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀stu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀stasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀staxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀sto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀stě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀sty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cě̀sta",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/cěsta",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to cleanse, to castrate",
"word": "cěstiti"
}
],
"glosses": [
"road"
],
"id": "en-cěsta-sla-pro-noun-NiooSVLT",
"links": [
[
"road",
"road"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "clean",
"word": "čistъ"
},
{
"english": "to filter",
"word": "cěditi"
},
{
"english": "shield",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"word": "ščitъ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*dorga"
},
{
"word": "*pǫtь"
},
{
"word": "*stьdza"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "cěsta"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "to cleanse, to castrate",
"word": "cěstiti"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "цѣста",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: цѣста (cěsta)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: цѣста (cěsta)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⱌⱑⱄⱅⰰ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱌⱑⱄⱅⰰ (cěsta)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: ⱌⱑⱄⱅⰰ (cěsta)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "цѐста",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: цѐста",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: цѐста"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "cèsta",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: cèsta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: cèsta"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "cẹ́sta",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: cẹ́sta",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cẹ́sta"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: cẹ́sta (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: cẹ́sta (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "cěsta",
"3": "ciesta"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: cěsta, ciesta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: cěsta, ciesta"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "cesta"
},
"expansion": "Czech: cesta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: cesta"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "cesta"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: cesta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: cesta"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*cěstiti",
"3": "*-a",
"t1": "to clean"
},
"expansion": "*cěstiti (“to clean”) + *-a",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "káišti",
"3": "",
"4": "to scrape"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian káišti (“to scrape”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*káyćas",
"3": "",
"4": "curl of hair"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *káyćas (“curl of hair”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keyḱ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to snap"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *keyḱ- (“to snap”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "via trita",
"3": "",
"4": "beaten path, safe path"
},
"expansion": "Latin via trita (“beaten path, safe path”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "utarta droga"
},
"expansion": "Polish utarta droga",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*haiþī",
"3": "",
"4": "heath, wasteland"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haiþī (“heath, wasteland”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*koɨd",
"3": "",
"4": "forest"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *koɨd (“forest”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)keyt-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cleanse, to cut"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)keyt- (“to cleanse, to cut”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "scissus",
"3": "",
"4": "cut, split"
},
"expansion": "Latin scissus (“cut, split”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σχῐστός",
"3": "",
"4": "cloven, dissected"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σχῐστός (skhistós, “cloven, dissected”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*skeyd-",
"4": "*(s)keyd-",
"t": "to split, to cleave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)keyd- (“to split, to cleave”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Most likely akin to *cěstiti (“to clean”) + *-a. Possibly an old calque of Latin strāta (“paved road”) or Ancient Greek πλατεῖα (plateîa, “street”), which according to Skok explains its limited distribution. According to Derksen, the best etymology is by Zubatý 1894 who connects it with Lithuanian káišti (“to scrape”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *káyćas (“curl of hair”) from Proto-Indo-European *keyḱ- (“to snap”), with \"road\" being a \"worn path\" or \"flattened/cleared path\"; compare Latin via trita (“beaten path, safe path”) and Polish utarta droga.\nAlternatively, from pre-Slavic *cětta/*cědta related to Proto-Germanic *haiþī (“heath, wasteland”), Proto-Brythonic *koɨd (“forest”) from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keyt- (“to cleanse, to cut”) or to Latin scissus (“cut, split”), Ancient Greek σχῐστός (skhistós, “cloven, dissected”) from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keyd- (“to split, to cleave”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cě̀sta",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀sta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀stě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀sty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀sty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀stu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀stъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀stě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀stama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀stamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀stǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀stě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀sty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀stojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀stǭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀stama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀stamī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀stě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀stu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀stasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀staxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀sto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀stě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cě̀sty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cě̀sta",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/cěsta",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "clean",
"word": "čistъ"
},
{
"english": "to filter",
"word": "cěditi"
},
{
"english": "shield",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"word": "ščitъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-a",
"sla-pro:Transport"
],
"glosses": [
"road"
],
"links": [
[
"road",
"road"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*dorga"
},
{
"word": "*pǫtь"
},
{
"word": "*stьdza"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "cěsta"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cěsta meaning in Proto-Slavic (8.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (94ba7e1 and 5dea2a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.