See byvolъ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "бꙑволъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: бꙑволъ (byvolŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: бꙑволъ (byvolŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "бу́йвал",
"3": "ба́вал",
"4": "бу́йла"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: бу́йвал (bújval), ба́вал (bával), бу́йла (bújla)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: бу́йвал (bújval), ба́вал (bával), бу́йла (bújla)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "бу́йвол"
},
"expansion": "Russian: бу́йвол (bújvol)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Russian: бу́йвол (bújvol), (dialectal) бу́йла (bújla), бу́йло (bújlo)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "бу́йвіл",
"3": "бу́йвов"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: бу́йвіл (bújvil), бу́йвов (bújvov)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: бу́йвіл (bújvil), бу́йвов (bújvov)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Church Slavonic (Russian recension): бꙑволъ (byvolŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "би́вол"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: би́вол (bívol)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: би́вол (bívol)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "бивол"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: бивол (bivol)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: бивол (bivol)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "би́вол",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: би́вол",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: би́вол, би́во̄ (gen: би́вола)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "bívol",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: bívol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: bívol, bívō (gen: bívola)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "bȋvol"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: bȋvol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: bȋvol"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "bivaly",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hungarian: bivaly",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hungarian: bivaly"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "bivol",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: bivol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: bivol"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "byvol"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: byvol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: byvol"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "buvol"
},
"expansion": "Czech: buvol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: buvol"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "bawół"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: bawół\nPolish: bawół, bajwół (Middle Polish)\n→ Lower Sorbian: bawoł\nSilesian: bawōł",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: bawół\nPolish: bawół, bajwół (Middle Polish)\n→ Lower Sorbian: bawoł\nSilesian: bawōł"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "byvol"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: byvol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: byvol"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "buwoł"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: buwoł",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: buwoł"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "buwoł",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lower Sorbian: buwoł",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lower Sorbian: buwoł"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*būvalus"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Vulgar Latin *būvalus",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "būbalus"
},
"expansion": "Latin būbalus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "grc",
"3": "βούβαλος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek βούβαλος (boúbalos)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bujь",
"3": "*volъ",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "wild",
"t2": "ox"
},
"expansion": "*bujь (“wild”) + *volъ (“ox”)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Vulgar Latin *būvalus, from Latin būbalus, from Ancient Greek βούβαλος (boúbalos). Many of the descendants influenced by a reanalysis as *bujь (“wild”) + *volъ (“ox”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "byvolъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byvola",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "byvoli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byvola",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byvolu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "byvolъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byvolu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byvoloma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "byvolomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byvolъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byvola",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "byvoly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byvolъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byvolomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byvoloma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "byvoly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byvolě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byvolu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "byvolěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byvole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "byvola",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "byvoli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/byvolъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"buffalo"
],
"id": "en-byvolъ-sla-pro-noun-GYvsr5xF",
"links": [
[
"buffalo",
"buffalo"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bujьvolъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "byvolъ"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "бꙑволъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: бꙑволъ (byvolŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: бꙑволъ (byvolŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "бу́йвал",
"3": "ба́вал",
"4": "бу́йла"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: бу́йвал (bújval), ба́вал (bával), бу́йла (bújla)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: бу́йвал (bújval), ба́вал (bával), бу́йла (bújla)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "бу́йвол"
},
"expansion": "Russian: бу́йвол (bújvol)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Russian: бу́йвол (bújvol), (dialectal) бу́йла (bújla), бу́йло (bújlo)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "бу́йвіл",
"3": "бу́йвов"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: бу́йвіл (bújvil), бу́йвов (bújvov)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: бу́йвіл (bújvil), бу́йвов (bújvov)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Church Slavonic (Russian recension): бꙑволъ (byvolŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "би́вол"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: би́вол (bívol)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: би́вол (bívol)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "бивол"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: бивол (bivol)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: бивол (bivol)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "би́вол",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: би́вол",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: би́вол, би́во̄ (gen: би́вола)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "bívol",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: bívol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: bívol, bívō (gen: bívola)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "bȋvol"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: bȋvol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: bȋvol"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "bivaly",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hungarian: bivaly",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hungarian: bivaly"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "bivol",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: bivol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: bivol"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "byvol"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: byvol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: byvol"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "buvol"
},
"expansion": "Czech: buvol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: buvol"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "bawół"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: bawół\nPolish: bawół, bajwół (Middle Polish)\n→ Lower Sorbian: bawoł\nSilesian: bawōł",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: bawół\nPolish: bawół, bajwół (Middle Polish)\n→ Lower Sorbian: bawoł\nSilesian: bawōł"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "byvol"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: byvol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: byvol"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "buwoł"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: buwoł",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: buwoł"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "buwoł",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lower Sorbian: buwoł",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lower Sorbian: buwoł"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*būvalus"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Vulgar Latin *būvalus",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "būbalus"
},
"expansion": "Latin būbalus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "grc",
"3": "βούβαλος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek βούβαλος (boúbalos)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bujь",
"3": "*volъ",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "wild",
"t2": "ox"
},
"expansion": "*bujь (“wild”) + *volъ (“ox”)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Vulgar Latin *būvalus, from Latin būbalus, from Ancient Greek βούβαλος (boúbalos). Many of the descendants influenced by a reanalysis as *bujь (“wild”) + *volъ (“ox”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "byvolъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byvola",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "byvoli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byvola",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byvolu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "byvolъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byvolu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byvoloma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "byvolomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byvolъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byvola",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "byvoly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byvolъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byvolomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byvoloma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "byvoly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byvolě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byvolu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "byvolěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byvole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "byvola",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "byvoli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/byvolъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms borrowed from Vulgar Latin",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Latin",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"sla-pro:Bovines"
],
"glosses": [
"buffalo"
],
"links": [
[
"buffalo",
"buffalo"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bujьvolъ"
}
],
"word": "byvolъ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for byvolъ meaning in Proto-Slavic (7.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.