See bykъ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "бꙑкъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: бꙑкъ (bykŭ)\nOld Ruthenian: быкъ (byk)\nBelarusian: бык (byk)\nCarpathian Rusyn: бык (bŷk)\nUkrainian: бик (byk)\nRussian: бык (byk), быкъ (byk) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)\n→ Komi-Zyrian: бык (byk)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: бꙑкъ (bykŭ)\nOld Ruthenian: быкъ (byk)\nBelarusian: бык (byk)\nCarpathian Rusyn: бык (bŷk)\nUkrainian: бик (byk)\nRussian: бык (byk), быкъ (byk) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)\n→ Komi-Zyrian: бык (byk)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "бꙑкъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: бꙑкъ (bykŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: бꙑкъ (bykŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "бик"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: бик (bik)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: бик (bik)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "бик"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: бик (bik)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: бик (bik)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "би̏к",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: би̏к",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: би̏к"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "bȉk",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: bȉk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: bȉk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "bȉk",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: bȉk",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bȉk"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: bȉk (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: bȉk (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "býk"
},
"expansion": "Czech: býk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: býk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "byk"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: byk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: byk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "byk"
},
"expansion": "Polish: byk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: byk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "býk"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: býk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: býk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "byk"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: byk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: byk"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "byk"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: byk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: byk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "ביק",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yiddish: ביק (bik)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yiddish: ביק (bik)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"title": "Unclear"
},
"expansion": "Unclear",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bucêt",
"3": "",
"4": "to sound, to buzz"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian bucêt (“to sound, to buzz”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bukti",
"3": "",
"4": "to moo"
},
"expansion": "Latvian bukti (“to moo”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "bugad",
"3": "",
"4": "lowing, bellowing"
},
"expansion": "Welsh bugad (“lowing, bellowing”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*buka",
"3": "",
"4": "bull"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *buka (“bull”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "буга",
"3": "",
"4": "reindeer"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian буга (buga, “reindeer”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "bök",
"3": "",
"4": "to poke"
},
"expansion": "Hungarian bök (“to poke”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unclear, but likely of onomatopoeic origin. Akin to Lithuanian bucêt (“to sound, to buzz”), Latvian bukti (“to moo”), bukas (“bittern”) and further to Welsh bugad (“lowing, bellowing”).\nComparable also to Proto-Turkic *buka (“bull”), Mongolian буга (buga, “reindeer”), Hungarian bök (“to poke”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bỹkъ",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "bỹkъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bȳkà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "bȳcì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bȳkà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bȳkù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bỹkъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bȳkù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bȳkòma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bȳkòmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bỹkъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bȳkà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bȳkỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bȳkъ̀mь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bȳkòmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bȳkòma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "bỹky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bȳcě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bȳkù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "bỹcěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byče",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bȳkà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bȳcì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "b"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bykъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "bullock",
"word": "byčę"
},
{
"english": "bull-ralted",
"word": "byčьje"
},
{
"word": "byčьkъ"
},
{
"word": "byčina"
},
{
"english": "bulrush",
"sense": "*bykovъ (“bovine”)",
"word": "bykovica"
},
{
"english": "bulrush",
"sense": "*bykovъ (“bovine”)",
"word": "bykovina"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bull"
],
"id": "en-bykъ-sla-pro-noun-xnwSY2UU",
"links": [
[
"bull",
"bull"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "to thump, to moo",
"word": "bukati"
},
{
"english": "to paddle",
"word": "buxati"
},
{
"english": "to roar, to ramp",
"word": "bučati"
},
{
"english": "to prick, to clatter",
"word": "byčati"
},
{
"english": "to overthrow, to knock down",
"word": "bykati"
},
{
"english": "bee",
"word": "bьčela"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
]
}
],
"word": "bykъ"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "bullock",
"word": "byčę"
},
{
"english": "bull-ralted",
"word": "byčьje"
},
{
"word": "byčьkъ"
},
{
"word": "byčina"
},
{
"english": "bulrush",
"sense": "*bykovъ (“bovine”)",
"word": "bykovica"
},
{
"english": "bulrush",
"sense": "*bykovъ (“bovine”)",
"word": "bykovina"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "бꙑкъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: бꙑкъ (bykŭ)\nOld Ruthenian: быкъ (byk)\nBelarusian: бык (byk)\nCarpathian Rusyn: бык (bŷk)\nUkrainian: бик (byk)\nRussian: бык (byk), быкъ (byk) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)\n→ Komi-Zyrian: бык (byk)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: бꙑкъ (bykŭ)\nOld Ruthenian: быкъ (byk)\nBelarusian: бык (byk)\nCarpathian Rusyn: бык (bŷk)\nUkrainian: бик (byk)\nRussian: бык (byk), быкъ (byk) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)\n→ Komi-Zyrian: бык (byk)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "бꙑкъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: бꙑкъ (bykŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: бꙑкъ (bykŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "бик"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: бик (bik)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: бик (bik)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "бик"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: бик (bik)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: бик (bik)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "би̏к",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: би̏к",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: би̏к"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "bȉk",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: bȉk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: bȉk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "bȉk",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: bȉk",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bȉk"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: bȉk (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: bȉk (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "býk"
},
"expansion": "Czech: býk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: býk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "byk"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: byk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: byk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "byk"
},
"expansion": "Polish: byk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: byk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "býk"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: býk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: býk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "byk"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: byk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: byk"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "byk"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: byk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: byk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "ביק",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yiddish: ביק (bik)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yiddish: ביק (bik)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"title": "Unclear"
},
"expansion": "Unclear",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bucêt",
"3": "",
"4": "to sound, to buzz"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian bucêt (“to sound, to buzz”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bukti",
"3": "",
"4": "to moo"
},
"expansion": "Latvian bukti (“to moo”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "bugad",
"3": "",
"4": "lowing, bellowing"
},
"expansion": "Welsh bugad (“lowing, bellowing”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*buka",
"3": "",
"4": "bull"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *buka (“bull”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "буга",
"3": "",
"4": "reindeer"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian буга (buga, “reindeer”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "bök",
"3": "",
"4": "to poke"
},
"expansion": "Hungarian bök (“to poke”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unclear, but likely of onomatopoeic origin. Akin to Lithuanian bucêt (“to sound, to buzz”), Latvian bukti (“to moo”), bukas (“bittern”) and further to Welsh bugad (“lowing, bellowing”).\nComparable also to Proto-Turkic *buka (“bull”), Mongolian буга (buga, “reindeer”), Hungarian bök (“to poke”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bỹkъ",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "bỹkъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bȳkà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "bȳcì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bȳkà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bȳkù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bỹkъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bȳkù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bȳkòma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bȳkòmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bỹkъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bȳkà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bȳkỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bȳkъ̀mь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bȳkòmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bȳkòma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "bỹky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bȳcě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bȳkù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "bỹcěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byče",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bȳkà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bȳcì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "b"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bykъ",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "to thump, to moo",
"word": "bukati"
},
{
"english": "to paddle",
"word": "buxati"
},
{
"english": "to roar, to ramp",
"word": "bučati"
},
{
"english": "to prick, to clatter",
"word": "byčati"
},
{
"english": "to overthrow, to knock down",
"word": "bykati"
},
{
"english": "bee",
"word": "bьčela"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic onomatopoeias",
"Proto-Slavic terms with unknown etymologies",
"sla-pro:Bovines"
],
"glosses": [
"bull"
],
"links": [
[
"bull",
"bull"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
]
}
],
"word": "bykъ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bykъ meaning in Proto-Slavic (7.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (94ba7e1 and 5dea2a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.