"buga" meaning in Proto-Slavic

See buga in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *baugāˀ, of disputed origin: * Vasmer, Georgiev: From Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ- (“to curve, to bow”). Cognate with Latvian bauga (“marshy riverside, damp soil”) and akin to Proto-Celtic *buggos (“soft”) whence Irish bogach (“boggy ground”), English bog. * W. Osten-Sacken: Reflecting an underlying *bǫga, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeng- (“to breach, to split”), perhaps a nasalized biform of *bʰeg- (“to break”). Cognate with Lithuanian bangà (“wave, billow”), Latvian buoga (“cleansed area within a field”), possibly further akin to Proto-Germanic *bankô (“enbankment, shore”), Sanskrit भङ्ग (bhaṅgá, “breach, fold, ripple”). Usually met with scepticism by other Slavists, but note nonetheless regional Russian бу́жать (búžatʹ, “to dig sand/clay from a riverbank”) - per Vasmer, likely a derivative of descendant Russian бу́га (búga). Unclear if related to either of Old Church Slavonic боугъ (bugŭ, “armband”), dial. Bulgarian бу́гла (búgla, “wedding pendant”) (seemingly cognate with Proto-Germanic *baugaz (“bracelet, badge”)); Russian буго́р (bugór, “hillock; strong wirlwind”); or hydronym *Bugъ, whence Western Bug, Southern Bug. Etymology templates: {{inh|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*baugāˀ}} Proto-Balto-Slavic *baugāˀ, {{unk|sla-pro|disputed}} disputed, {{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*bʰewgʰ-||to curve, to bow}} Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ- (“to curve, to bow”), {{cog|lv|bauga||marshy riverside, damp soil}} Latvian bauga (“marshy riverside, damp soil”), {{cog|cel-pro|*buggos||soft}} Proto-Celtic *buggos (“soft”), {{cog|ga|bogach||boggy ground}} Irish bogach (“boggy ground”), {{cog|en|bog}} English bog, {{m|sla-pro|*bǫga}} *bǫga, {{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*bʰeng-||to breach, to split}} Proto-Indo-European *bʰeng- (“to breach, to split”), {{m|ine-pro|*bʰeg-||to break}} *bʰeg- (“to break”), {{cog|lt|bangà||wave, billow}} Lithuanian bangà (“wave, billow”), {{cog|lv|buoga||cleansed area within a field}} Latvian buoga (“cleansed area within a field”), {{cog|gem-pro|*bankô||enbankment, shore}} Proto-Germanic *bankô (“enbankment, shore”), {{cog|sa|भङ्ग||breach, fold, ripple|tr=bhaṅgá}} Sanskrit भङ्ग (bhaṅgá, “breach, fold, ripple”), {{cog|ru|бу́жать||to dig sand/clay from a riverbank}} Russian бу́жать (búžatʹ, “to dig sand/clay from a riverbank”), {{cog|ru|бу́га}} Russian бу́га (búga), {{cog|cu|боугъ||armband}} Old Church Slavonic боугъ (bugŭ, “armband”), {{cog|bg|бу́гла||wedding pendant}} Bulgarian бу́гла (búgla, “wedding pendant”), {{cog|gem-pro|*baugaz||bracelet, badge}} Proto-Germanic *baugaz (“bracelet, badge”), {{cog|ru|буго́р||hillock; strong wirlwind}} Russian буго́р (bugór, “hillock; strong wirlwind”), {{m|sla-pro|*Bugъ}} *Bugъ Inflection templates: {{sla-decl-noun}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], nominative, buga [singular], budzě [dual], bugy [plural], genitive, bugy [singular], bugu [dual], bugъ [plural], dative, budzě [singular], bugama [dual], bugamъ [plural], accusative, bugǫ [singular], instrumental, bugojǫ [singular], bugami [plural], locative, bugasъ [plural], bugaxъ [plural], vocative, bugo [singular]
  1. low riverbank Tags: feminine, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-buga-sla-pro-noun-VgIM9qIh Categories (other): Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header: 47 53
  2. wetland, slough, marsh (per Georgiev (BER): originally sharp riparian bend where water subsides after flood) Tags: feminine, reconstruction Synonyms: *molka, *močurъ, *glibъ
    Sense id: en-buga-sla-pro-noun-a8yldEZ3 Categories (other): Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header: 47 53
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: bužati (english: probably), bugavъ (english: oozy, silty), bugajъ, buganь (english: heather grass/shrub)

Download JSON data for buga meaning in Proto-Slavic (9.0kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "probably",
      "word": "bužati"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "oozy, silty",
      "word": "bugavъ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "bugajъ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "heather grass/shrub",
      "word": "buganь"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "бу́га"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: бу́га (búga)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: бу́га (búga) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "бу́га"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: бу́га (búga)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "regional",
            "2": "mainly in Western dialects"
          },
          "expansion": "(regional, mainly in Western dialects)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: бу́га (búga) (regional, mainly in Western dialects)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "буга",
            "t": "drench, mold"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: буга (buga, “drench, mold”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: буга (buga, “drench, mold”) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "бу̀га"
          },
          "expansion": "бу̀га",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "бу̏ђа",
            "3": "",
            "4": "mold, damp, dew"
          },
          "expansion": "бу̏ђа (“mold, damp, dew”)",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ota",
            "2": "بوگه",
            "tr": "büğe"
          },
          "expansion": "Ottoman Turkish بوگه (büğe)",
          "name": "noncog"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal",
            "2": "merged with the reflex of Ottoman Turkish <i class=\"Arab ota-Arab mention\" lang=\"ota\">بوگه</i> (büğe)"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal, merged with the reflex of Ottoman Turkish بوگه (büğe))",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbian: бу̀га, possibly бу̏ђа (“mold, damp, dew”) (dialectal, merged with the reflex of Ottoman Turkish بوگه (büğe))"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*baugāˀ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *baugāˀ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "disputed"
      },
      "expansion": "disputed",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰewgʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to curve, to bow"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ- (“to curve, to bow”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bauga",
        "3": "",
        "4": "marshy riverside, damp soil"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian bauga (“marshy riverside, damp soil”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*buggos",
        "3": "",
        "4": "soft"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *buggos (“soft”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "bogach",
        "3": "",
        "4": "boggy ground"
      },
      "expansion": "Irish bogach (“boggy ground”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "bog"
      },
      "expansion": "English bog",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*bǫga"
      },
      "expansion": "*bǫga",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰeng-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to breach, to split"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeng- (“to breach, to split”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*bʰeg-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to break"
      },
      "expansion": "*bʰeg- (“to break”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "bangà",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wave, billow"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian bangà (“wave, billow”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "buoga",
        "3": "",
        "4": "cleansed area within a field"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian buoga (“cleansed area within a field”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*bankô",
        "3": "",
        "4": "enbankment, shore"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bankô (“enbankment, shore”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "भङ्ग",
        "3": "",
        "4": "breach, fold, ripple",
        "tr": "bhaṅgá"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit भङ्ग (bhaṅgá, “breach, fold, ripple”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "бу́жать",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to dig sand/clay from a riverbank"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian бу́жать (búžatʹ, “to dig sand/clay from a riverbank”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "бу́га"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian бу́га (búga)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cu",
        "2": "боугъ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "armband"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic боугъ (bugŭ, “armband”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "бу́гла",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wedding pendant"
      },
      "expansion": "Bulgarian бу́гла (búgla, “wedding pendant”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*baugaz",
        "3": "",
        "4": "bracelet, badge"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *baugaz (“bracelet, badge”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "буго́р",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hillock; strong wirlwind"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian буго́р (bugór, “hillock; strong wirlwind”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*Bugъ"
      },
      "expansion": "*Bugъ",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *baugāˀ, of disputed origin:\n* Vasmer, Georgiev: From Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ- (“to curve, to bow”). Cognate with Latvian bauga (“marshy riverside, damp soil”) and akin to Proto-Celtic *buggos (“soft”) whence Irish bogach (“boggy ground”), English bog.\n* W. Osten-Sacken: Reflecting an underlying *bǫga, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeng- (“to breach, to split”), perhaps a nasalized biform of *bʰeg- (“to break”). Cognate with Lithuanian bangà (“wave, billow”), Latvian buoga (“cleansed area within a field”), possibly further akin to Proto-Germanic *bankô (“enbankment, shore”), Sanskrit भङ्ग (bhaṅgá, “breach, fold, ripple”). Usually met with scepticism by other Slavists, but note nonetheless regional Russian бу́жать (búžatʹ, “to dig sand/clay from a riverbank”) - per Vasmer, likely a derivative of descendant Russian бу́га (búga).\nUnclear if related to either of Old Church Slavonic боугъ (bugŭ, “armband”), dial. Bulgarian бу́гла (búgla, “wedding pendant”) (seemingly cognate with Proto-Germanic *baugaz (“bracelet, badge”)); Russian буго́р (bugór, “hillock; strong wirlwind”); or hydronym *Bugъ, whence Western Bug, Southern Bug.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nominative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "buga",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "budzě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "genitive",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "bugy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "budzě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugamъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accusative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "bugǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "instrumental",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "bugojǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "locative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "bugasъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugaxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vocative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "bugo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/buga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "47 53",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "low riverbank"
      ],
      "id": "en-buga-sla-pro-noun-VgIM9qIh",
      "links": [
        [
          "low",
          "low"
        ],
        [
          "riverbank",
          "riverbank"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "47 53",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "→ drenching, grime, mold (in Macedonian, Serbian)"
        },
        {
          "text": "→ ooze, mudge, soft silt (in Russian)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "wetland, slough, marsh (per Georgiev (BER): originally sharp riparian bend where water subsides after flood)"
      ],
      "id": "en-buga-sla-pro-noun-a8yldEZ3",
      "links": [
        [
          "wetland",
          "wetland"
        ],
        [
          "slough",
          "slough"
        ],
        [
          "marsh",
          "marsh"
        ],
        [
          "sharp riparian bend",
          "w:Meander cutoff"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*molka"
        },
        {
          "word": "*močurъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "*glibъ"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "buga"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
    "Proto-Slavic nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Proto-Slavic terms with unknown etymologies",
    "sla-pro:Landforms"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "probably",
      "word": "bužati"
    },
    {
      "english": "oozy, silty",
      "word": "bugavъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "bugajъ"
    },
    {
      "english": "heather grass/shrub",
      "word": "buganь"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "бу́га"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: бу́га (búga)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: бу́га (búga) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "бу́га"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: бу́га (búga)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "regional",
            "2": "mainly in Western dialects"
          },
          "expansion": "(regional, mainly in Western dialects)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: бу́га (búga) (regional, mainly in Western dialects)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "буга",
            "t": "drench, mold"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: буга (buga, “drench, mold”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: буга (buga, “drench, mold”) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "бу̀га"
          },
          "expansion": "бу̀га",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "бу̏ђа",
            "3": "",
            "4": "mold, damp, dew"
          },
          "expansion": "бу̏ђа (“mold, damp, dew”)",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ota",
            "2": "بوگه",
            "tr": "büğe"
          },
          "expansion": "Ottoman Turkish بوگه (büğe)",
          "name": "noncog"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal",
            "2": "merged with the reflex of Ottoman Turkish <i class=\"Arab ota-Arab mention\" lang=\"ota\">بوگه</i> (büğe)"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal, merged with the reflex of Ottoman Turkish بوگه (büğe))",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbian: бу̀га, possibly бу̏ђа (“mold, damp, dew”) (dialectal, merged with the reflex of Ottoman Turkish بوگه (büğe))"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*baugāˀ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *baugāˀ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "disputed"
      },
      "expansion": "disputed",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰewgʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to curve, to bow"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ- (“to curve, to bow”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bauga",
        "3": "",
        "4": "marshy riverside, damp soil"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian bauga (“marshy riverside, damp soil”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*buggos",
        "3": "",
        "4": "soft"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *buggos (“soft”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "bogach",
        "3": "",
        "4": "boggy ground"
      },
      "expansion": "Irish bogach (“boggy ground”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "bog"
      },
      "expansion": "English bog",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*bǫga"
      },
      "expansion": "*bǫga",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰeng-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to breach, to split"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeng- (“to breach, to split”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*bʰeg-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to break"
      },
      "expansion": "*bʰeg- (“to break”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "bangà",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wave, billow"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian bangà (“wave, billow”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "buoga",
        "3": "",
        "4": "cleansed area within a field"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian buoga (“cleansed area within a field”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*bankô",
        "3": "",
        "4": "enbankment, shore"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bankô (“enbankment, shore”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "भङ्ग",
        "3": "",
        "4": "breach, fold, ripple",
        "tr": "bhaṅgá"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit भङ्ग (bhaṅgá, “breach, fold, ripple”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "бу́жать",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to dig sand/clay from a riverbank"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian бу́жать (búžatʹ, “to dig sand/clay from a riverbank”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "бу́га"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian бу́га (búga)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cu",
        "2": "боугъ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "armband"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic боугъ (bugŭ, “armband”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "бу́гла",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wedding pendant"
      },
      "expansion": "Bulgarian бу́гла (búgla, “wedding pendant”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*baugaz",
        "3": "",
        "4": "bracelet, badge"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *baugaz (“bracelet, badge”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "буго́р",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hillock; strong wirlwind"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian буго́р (bugór, “hillock; strong wirlwind”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*Bugъ"
      },
      "expansion": "*Bugъ",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *baugāˀ, of disputed origin:\n* Vasmer, Georgiev: From Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ- (“to curve, to bow”). Cognate with Latvian bauga (“marshy riverside, damp soil”) and akin to Proto-Celtic *buggos (“soft”) whence Irish bogach (“boggy ground”), English bog.\n* W. Osten-Sacken: Reflecting an underlying *bǫga, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeng- (“to breach, to split”), perhaps a nasalized biform of *bʰeg- (“to break”). Cognate with Lithuanian bangà (“wave, billow”), Latvian buoga (“cleansed area within a field”), possibly further akin to Proto-Germanic *bankô (“enbankment, shore”), Sanskrit भङ्ग (bhaṅgá, “breach, fold, ripple”). Usually met with scepticism by other Slavists, but note nonetheless regional Russian бу́жать (búžatʹ, “to dig sand/clay from a riverbank”) - per Vasmer, likely a derivative of descendant Russian бу́га (búga).\nUnclear if related to either of Old Church Slavonic боугъ (bugŭ, “armband”), dial. Bulgarian бу́гла (búgla, “wedding pendant”) (seemingly cognate with Proto-Germanic *baugaz (“bracelet, badge”)); Russian буго́р (bugór, “hillock; strong wirlwind”); or hydronym *Bugъ, whence Western Bug, Southern Bug.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nominative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "buga",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "budzě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "genitive",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "bugy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "budzě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugamъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accusative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "bugǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "instrumental",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "bugojǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "locative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "bugasъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugaxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vocative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "bugo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/buga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "low riverbank"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "low",
          "low"
        ],
        [
          "riverbank",
          "riverbank"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "→ drenching, grime, mold (in Macedonian, Serbian)"
        },
        {
          "text": "→ ooze, mudge, soft silt (in Russian)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "wetland, slough, marsh (per Georgiev (BER): originally sharp riparian bend where water subsides after flood)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "wetland",
          "wetland"
        ],
        [
          "slough",
          "slough"
        ],
        [
          "marsh",
          "marsh"
        ],
        [
          "sharp riparian bend",
          "w:Meander cutoff"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*molka"
        },
        {
          "word": "*močurъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "*glibъ"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "buga"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (4d5d0bb and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.