See aščerъ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "aščerica"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "aščerъka"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "jáščar",
"word": "я́шчар"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "jáščir",
"word": "я́щір"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "jáščer",
"word": "ꙗ́щеръ"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "jáščer",
"word": "я́щер"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "jaščerŭ",
"word": "ꙗщеръ"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"roman": "ašterŭ",
"word": "ащєръ"
},
{
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"raw_tags": [
"f"
],
"roman": "aštera",
"word": "ащєра"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "jášter",
"word": "я́щер"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "ја̏штер"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "jȁšter"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "ještěr"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "wieszczór"
},
{
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"word": "vistăr"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "jaszczur"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "jaščur",
"word": "ящур"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "jašter"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "jaśčur"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "jašter"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "jašćeŕ"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*a-",
"3": "*ščerъ",
"t1": "no-"
},
"expansion": "*a- (“no-”) + *ščerъ",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*skorъ",
"3": "",
"4": "speedy, quick"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *skorъ (“speedy, quick”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skėrỹs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian skėrỹs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "šķírgaîlis",
"3": "",
"4": "lizard"
},
"expansion": "Latvian šķírgaîlis (“lizard”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*skora",
"3": "",
"4": "hide"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *skora (“hide”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "shqarr",
"3": "",
"4": "marten"
},
"expansion": "Albanian shqarr (“marten”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "я́щер",
"3": "",
"4": "rough leather"
},
"expansion": "Russian я́щер (jáščer, “rough leather”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "आखु",
"3": "",
"4": "mole",
"tr": "ākhú"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit आखु (ākhú, “mole”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκίουρος",
"3": "",
"4": "squirrel"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σκίουρος (skíouros, “squirrel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "आश्चर्य",
"3": "",
"4": "wonderful, marvelous"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit आश्चर्य (āścarya, “wonderful, marvelous”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*askъ",
"3": "*-erъ",
"t1": "burrow, hollow"
},
"expansion": "*askъ (“burrow, hollow”) + *-erъ",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps from *a- (“no-”) + *ščerъ with second element possibly meaning:\n* “agile, nimble” in reference to the reptilian locomotion of lizards. Akin to Proto-Slavic *skorъ (“speedy, quick”), possibly *xъrtъ (“hound”), *čьrtъ (“demon”). Further cognate with Lithuanian skėrỹs, skėrẽlis (“locust”), Latvian šķírgaîlis (“lizard”).\n* “fur, pelt” in reference to the hairless skin of lizards. Akin to Proto-Slavic *skora (“hide”) and cognate with Albanian shqarr (“marten”). Similar meaning is attested in secondary Russian я́щер (jáščer, “rough leather”). A variation of this hypothesis (due to Potebnja) proposes that the prefix *a- is instead a clipping of unattested *aхъ (“prickly, scrubby”), cognate with Sanskrit आखु (ākhú, “mole”), possibly Ancient Greek σκίουρος (skíouros, “squirrel”).\nIn either case, possibly cognate with Sanskrit आश्चर्य (āścarya, “wonderful, marvelous”) (according to Machek).\nPer Brückner, may alternatively reflect *askъ (“burrow, hollow”) + *-erъ in view of some rare forms with alternative ending (in *-elь, *-jurъ). Effectively meaning “burrow-dwelling animal” (even though lizards are not known to dig their lairs).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "*jaščerъ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*guščerъ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "aščerъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aščera",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "aščeri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aščera",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aščeru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "aščerъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aščeru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aščeroma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "aščeromъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aščerъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aščera",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "aščery",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aščerъmь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aščeromь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aščeroma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "aščery",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aščerě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aščeru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "aščerěxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aščere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "aščera",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "aščeri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/aščerъ",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "aščerь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "amphibian",
"translation": "amphibian",
"word": "aščelь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "lizard, reptile",
"translation": "lizard, reptile",
"word": "jaščurъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"lizard"
],
"id": "en-aščerъ-sla-pro-noun-uVy8~gzS",
"links": [
[
"lizard",
"lizard"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 48 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 55 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms prefixed with *a-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 55 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-erъ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"salamander"
],
"id": "en-aščerъ-sla-pro-noun-r~ffvkYU",
"links": [
[
"salamander",
"salamander"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 21 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 17 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 48 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sort of skin inflammation (mycosis, scleroderma, aphtha, sore throat, etc.)"
],
"id": "en-aščerъ-sla-pro-noun-qw3xujjU",
"links": [
[
"skin",
"skin"
],
[
"inflammation",
"inflammation"
],
[
"mycosis",
"mycosis"
],
[
"scleroderma",
"scleroderma"
],
[
"aphtha",
"aphtha"
],
[
"sore throat",
"sore throat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) sort of skin inflammation (mycosis, scleroderma, aphtha, sore throat, etc.)"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "aščerъ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms prefixed with *a-",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-erъ"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "aščerica"
},
{
"word": "aščerъka"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "jáščar",
"word": "я́шчар"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "jáščir",
"word": "я́щір"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "jáščer",
"word": "ꙗ́щеръ"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "jáščer",
"word": "я́щер"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "jaščerŭ",
"word": "ꙗщеръ"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"roman": "ašterŭ",
"word": "ащєръ"
},
{
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"raw_tags": [
"f"
],
"roman": "aštera",
"word": "ащєра"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "jášter",
"word": "я́щер"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "ја̏штер"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "jȁšter"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "ještěr"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "wieszczór"
},
{
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"word": "vistăr"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "jaszczur"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "jaščur",
"word": "ящур"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "jašter"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "jaśčur"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "jašter"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "jašćeŕ"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*a-",
"3": "*ščerъ",
"t1": "no-"
},
"expansion": "*a- (“no-”) + *ščerъ",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*skorъ",
"3": "",
"4": "speedy, quick"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *skorъ (“speedy, quick”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skėrỹs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian skėrỹs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "šķírgaîlis",
"3": "",
"4": "lizard"
},
"expansion": "Latvian šķírgaîlis (“lizard”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*skora",
"3": "",
"4": "hide"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *skora (“hide”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "shqarr",
"3": "",
"4": "marten"
},
"expansion": "Albanian shqarr (“marten”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "я́щер",
"3": "",
"4": "rough leather"
},
"expansion": "Russian я́щер (jáščer, “rough leather”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "आखु",
"3": "",
"4": "mole",
"tr": "ākhú"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit आखु (ākhú, “mole”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκίουρος",
"3": "",
"4": "squirrel"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σκίουρος (skíouros, “squirrel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "आश्चर्य",
"3": "",
"4": "wonderful, marvelous"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit आश्चर्य (āścarya, “wonderful, marvelous”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*askъ",
"3": "*-erъ",
"t1": "burrow, hollow"
},
"expansion": "*askъ (“burrow, hollow”) + *-erъ",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps from *a- (“no-”) + *ščerъ with second element possibly meaning:\n* “agile, nimble” in reference to the reptilian locomotion of lizards. Akin to Proto-Slavic *skorъ (“speedy, quick”), possibly *xъrtъ (“hound”), *čьrtъ (“demon”). Further cognate with Lithuanian skėrỹs, skėrẽlis (“locust”), Latvian šķírgaîlis (“lizard”).\n* “fur, pelt” in reference to the hairless skin of lizards. Akin to Proto-Slavic *skora (“hide”) and cognate with Albanian shqarr (“marten”). Similar meaning is attested in secondary Russian я́щер (jáščer, “rough leather”). A variation of this hypothesis (due to Potebnja) proposes that the prefix *a- is instead a clipping of unattested *aхъ (“prickly, scrubby”), cognate with Sanskrit आखु (ākhú, “mole”), possibly Ancient Greek σκίουρος (skíouros, “squirrel”).\nIn either case, possibly cognate with Sanskrit आश्चर्य (āścarya, “wonderful, marvelous”) (according to Machek).\nPer Brückner, may alternatively reflect *askъ (“burrow, hollow”) + *-erъ in view of some rare forms with alternative ending (in *-elь, *-jurъ). Effectively meaning “burrow-dwelling animal” (even though lizards are not known to dig their lairs).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "*jaščerъ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*guščerъ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "aščerъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aščera",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "aščeri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aščera",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aščeru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "aščerъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aščeru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aščeroma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "aščeromъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aščerъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aščera",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "aščery",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aščerъmь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aščeromь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aščeroma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "aščery",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aščerě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aščeru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "aščerěxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aščere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "aščera",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "aščeri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/aščerъ",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "aščerь"
},
{
"english": "amphibian",
"translation": "amphibian",
"word": "aščelь"
},
{
"english": "lizard, reptile",
"translation": "lizard, reptile",
"word": "jaščurъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"sla-pro:Reptiles"
],
"glosses": [
"lizard"
],
"links": [
[
"lizard",
"lizard"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"sla-pro:Amphibians"
],
"glosses": [
"salamander"
],
"links": [
[
"salamander",
"salamander"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sort of skin inflammation (mycosis, scleroderma, aphtha, sore throat, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"skin",
"skin"
],
[
"inflammation",
"inflammation"
],
[
"mycosis",
"mycosis"
],
[
"scleroderma",
"scleroderma"
],
[
"aphtha",
"aphtha"
],
[
"sore throat",
"sore throat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) sort of skin inflammation (mycosis, scleroderma, aphtha, sore throat, etc.)"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "aščerъ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for aščerъ meaning in Proto-Slavic (8.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (ffdbfc3 and b9346a0). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.