See -ivo in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "-иво"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: -иво (-ivo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: -иво (-ivo)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "-іва"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: -іва (-iva)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: -іва (-iva). -ыва (-yva)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-иво",
"alt": "-иво/-ево",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "Russian: -иво/-ево n (-ivo/-jevo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: -иво/-ево n (-ivo/-jevo)3, -ива f (-iva)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "-иво",
"alt": "-иво/-ево"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: -иво/-ево (-yvo/-evo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: -иво/-ево (-yvo/-evo)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-иво",
"alt": "-иво/-и́во"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: -иво/-и́во (-ivo/-ívo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: -иво/-и́во (-ivo/-ívo)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "-иво"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: -иво (-ivo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: -иво (-ivo)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-ӣво",
"alt": "-ӣво/-и̑во/-иво",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: -ӣво/-и̑во/-иво",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: -ӣво/-и̑во/-иво"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-īvo",
"alt": "-īvo/-ȋvo/-ivo",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: -īvo/-ȋvo/-ivo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: -īvo/-ȋvo/-ivo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "-ivo",
"3": "-iva",
"alt": "-ivo/-ȋvo",
"g": "n",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: -ivo/-ȋvo n, -iva f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: -ivo/-ȋvo n, -iva f"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "-ivo",
"3": "-iva",
"g": "n",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: -ivo n, -iva f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: -ivo n, -iva f"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "-ivo",
"3": "-iva",
"g": "n",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "Czech: -ivo n, -iva f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: -ivo n, -iva f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "-iwo"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: -iwo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: -iwo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-iwo",
"3": "-iwa",
"g": "n",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "Polish: -iwo n, -iwa f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: -iwo n, -iwa f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "-ivo"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: -ivo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: -ivo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "der",
"3": "ine-pro>*-wós>adjectival suffix",
"id": "nominal"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Resulted from the fossilization of proto-Indo-European *-wós, one of the Caland system's suffixes, attached to yé-denominative (e.g. in the case of *bělivo (“bleach”) ← *běliti ← *bělъ) or éye-causative (e.g. in the case of *gorivo (“fuel”) ← *gorěti) verbs.\nThe original suffix survives in adjectives like *lěvъ (“left”) (ultimately from the same proto-root as *lajati (“to ambush, to lurk”)) and nouns like *glěvъ (“slime”) or *griva (“mane”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-iva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-iva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-iva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ivo",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "melivo ← *melti"
},
{
"text": "prędivo ← *pręsti"
},
{
"text": "mazivo ← *mazati?"
},
{
"text": "lazivo ← *laziti"
},
{
"text": "sętivo ← *sętiti"
},
{
"text": "sěčivo ← *sěťi"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms instrumental and resultant terms from verb stems"
],
"id": "en--ivo-sla-pro-suffix-7KCLz26T",
"raw_glosses": [
"Forms instrumental and resultant terms from verb stems:"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ivo"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "-иво"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: -иво (-ivo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: -иво (-ivo)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "-іва"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: -іва (-iva)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: -іва (-iva). -ыва (-yva)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-иво",
"alt": "-иво/-ево",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "Russian: -иво/-ево n (-ivo/-jevo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: -иво/-ево n (-ivo/-jevo)3, -ива f (-iva)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "-иво",
"alt": "-иво/-ево"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: -иво/-ево (-yvo/-evo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: -иво/-ево (-yvo/-evo)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-иво",
"alt": "-иво/-и́во"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: -иво/-и́во (-ivo/-ívo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: -иво/-и́во (-ivo/-ívo)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "-иво"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: -иво (-ivo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: -иво (-ivo)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-ӣво",
"alt": "-ӣво/-и̑во/-иво",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: -ӣво/-и̑во/-иво",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: -ӣво/-и̑во/-иво"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-īvo",
"alt": "-īvo/-ȋvo/-ivo",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: -īvo/-ȋvo/-ivo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: -īvo/-ȋvo/-ivo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "-ivo",
"3": "-iva",
"alt": "-ivo/-ȋvo",
"g": "n",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: -ivo/-ȋvo n, -iva f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: -ivo/-ȋvo n, -iva f"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "-ivo",
"3": "-iva",
"g": "n",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: -ivo n, -iva f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: -ivo n, -iva f"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "-ivo",
"3": "-iva",
"g": "n",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "Czech: -ivo n, -iva f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: -ivo n, -iva f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "-iwo"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: -iwo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: -iwo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-iwo",
"3": "-iwa",
"g": "n",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "Polish: -iwo n, -iwa f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: -iwo n, -iwa f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "-ivo"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: -ivo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: -ivo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "der",
"3": "ine-pro>*-wós>adjectival suffix",
"id": "nominal"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Resulted from the fossilization of proto-Indo-European *-wós, one of the Caland system's suffixes, attached to yé-denominative (e.g. in the case of *bělivo (“bleach”) ← *běliti ← *bělъ) or éye-causative (e.g. in the case of *gorivo (“fuel”) ← *gorěti) verbs.\nThe original suffix survives in adjectives like *lěvъ (“left”) (ultimately from the same proto-root as *lajati (“to ambush, to lurk”)) and nouns like *glěvъ (“slime”) or *griva (“mane”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-iva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-iva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-iva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ivo",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard neuter o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic neuter suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "melivo ← *melti"
},
{
"text": "prędivo ← *pręsti"
},
{
"text": "mazivo ← *mazati?"
},
{
"text": "lazivo ← *laziti"
},
{
"text": "sętivo ← *sętiti"
},
{
"text": "sěčivo ← *sěťi"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms instrumental and resultant terms from verb stems"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Forms instrumental and resultant terms from verb stems:"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ivo"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ivo meaning in Proto-Slavic (6.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (aeaf2a1 and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.