See -ga in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -ga meaning in Proto-Slavic (25.9kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-ьba",
"3": "*-ba"
},
"expansion": "*-ba",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-ьda",
"3": "*-da"
},
"expansion": "*-da",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰe",
"4": "*-gʰo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-gʰo-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʰe",
"3": "*-gʰeh₂"
},
"expansion": "*-gʰeh₂",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "stógas",
"3": "",
"4": "build"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian stógas (“build”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "stóti",
"3": "",
"4": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian stóti (“to stand”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "",
"3": "-gas"
},
"expansion": "-gas",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-gô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-gô",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*frauþaz",
"3": "",
"4": "jumper"
},
"expansion": "*frauþaz (“jumper”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fruþgô",
"3": "",
"4": "frog"
},
"expansion": "*fruþgô (“frog”)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The suffix is one of several similar suffixes, namely *-ba, *-da, which formed derivative nouns from verbal or nominal roots. When attached to nouns or adjectives, it got compounded to the primal suffix of the stem, extending it into *-ьdza for i-stem roots or -oga for o-stem roots.\nUltimately, the suffix descends from Proto-Indo-European *-gʰo-, *-gʰeh₂. Encountered in Lithuanian stógas (“build”) = Lithuanian stóti (“to stand”) + -gas and analogous with Proto-Germanic *-gô (e.g. *frauþaz (“jumper”) → *fruþgô (“frog”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-ga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-gy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-gy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-gъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-dzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-gamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-gǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-gojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "locative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-gasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-go",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 45 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "strujiti (“to stream”) → *struga (“wave font”)"
},
{
"text": "sluti (“to be called, to utter”) → *sluga (“servant”)"
},
{
"text": "derti (“to tear”) → *dorga (“road”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deverbative, forming abstract nouns."
],
"id": "en--ga-sla-pro-suffix-gzXR6VQS",
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*-ьba"
},
{
"word": "*-ьda"
},
{
"word": "*-tva"
},
{
"word": "*-ežь"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 45 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "gobь (“share, wealth”) → *gobьdzъ (“fortune”), *gobьdza (“abundance”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, forming attributive nouns."
],
"id": "en--ga-sla-pro-suffix-9jLYTVzq",
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-gъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-go"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ogъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-oga"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-iga"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "i-stem",
"word": "-ežь"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "From basic root stems, forming attributional adjectives; Synonyms",
"word": "-bъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "From basic root stems, forming attributional adjectives; Synonyms",
"word": "-dъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"english": "to prolong; long",
"sense": "From basic root stems, forming attributional adjectives",
"word": "dьliti → *dьlgъ ()"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"english": "to blow, to swell; strong; with yo-declension",
"sense": "From basic root stems, forming attributional adjectives",
"word": "duti → *dužь ()"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"english": "to peel, to pluck; dear",
"sense": "From basic root stems, forming attributional adjectives",
"word": "dorti → *dorgъ ()"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "-ga"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "-га"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: -га (-ga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: -га (-ga)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "-га"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: -га (-ha)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: -га (-ha)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-га"
},
"expansion": "Russian: -га (-ga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: -га (-ga)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "-га"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: -га (-ha)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: -га (-ha)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-га",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: -га (-ga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: -га (-ga)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-ⰳⰰ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: -ⰳⰰ (-ga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: -ⰳⰰ (-ga)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-га"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: -га (-ga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: -га (-ga)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "-га"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: -га (-ga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: -га (-ga)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-га",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: -га",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: -га"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-ga",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: -ga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: -ga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "-ga"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: -ga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: -ga"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "-ha"
},
"expansion": "Czech: -ha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: -ha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-ga"
},
"expansion": "Polish: -ga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: -ga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "-ha"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: -ha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: -ha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "-ha"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: -ha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: -ha"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "-ha"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: -ha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: -ha"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-ьba",
"3": "*-ba"
},
"expansion": "*-ba",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-ьda",
"3": "*-da"
},
"expansion": "*-da",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰe",
"4": "*-gʰo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-gʰo-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʰe",
"3": "*-gʰeh₂"
},
"expansion": "*-gʰeh₂",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "stógas",
"3": "",
"4": "build"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian stógas (“build”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "stóti",
"3": "",
"4": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian stóti (“to stand”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "",
"3": "-gas"
},
"expansion": "-gas",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-gô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-gô",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*frauþaz",
"3": "",
"4": "jumper"
},
"expansion": "*frauþaz (“jumper”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fruþgô",
"3": "",
"4": "frog"
},
"expansion": "*fruþgô (“frog”)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The suffix is one of several similar suffixes, namely *-ba, *-da, which formed derivative nouns from verbal or nominal roots. When attached to nouns or adjectives, it got compounded to the primal suffix of the stem, extending it into *-ьdza for i-stem roots or -oga for o-stem roots.\nUltimately, the suffix descends from Proto-Indo-European *-gʰo-, *-gʰeh₂. Encountered in Lithuanian stógas (“build”) = Lithuanian stóti (“to stand”) + -gas and analogous with Proto-Germanic *-gô (e.g. *frauþaz (“jumper”) → *fruþgô (“frog”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-gъ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-adj-hard",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-gъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-go",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-go",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-že",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-go",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-go",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-gu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "-gu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-gu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "-goma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "-gama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-goma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "-ga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "-goma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "-gama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-goma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "-gu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "-gu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-gu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "-ga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-gy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-adj-hard",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-gъjь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-goje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gajego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gajego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gujemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gujemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gъjь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gǫjǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-goje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjimь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gǫjǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjimь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzějemь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzějemь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gъjь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-gaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-goje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-gaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-guju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "-guju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-guju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "-gaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"instrumental",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "-guju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "-guju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"feminine",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-guju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"locative",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "-gaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"feminine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dziji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gъjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gъjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gъjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjimъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjimъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjimъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dziji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-gaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "g"
},
"name": "sla-decl-adj-hard"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-gъ",
"10": "-gy",
"11": "-dzě",
"12": "-dzě",
"13": "-gojǫ",
"14": "-go",
"15": "-go",
"16": "-go",
"17": "-ga",
"18": "-dzě",
"19": "-gu",
"2": "-gъ",
"20": "-gomь",
"21": "-go",
"22": "-ga",
"23": "-ga",
"24": "-gu",
"25": "-gu",
"26": "-goma",
"27": "-goma",
"28": "-ga",
"29": "-dzě",
"3": "-ga",
"30": "-dzě",
"31": "-gu",
"32": "-gu",
"33": "-gama",
"34": "-gama",
"35": "-dzě",
"36": "-dzě",
"37": "-dzě",
"38": "-gu",
"39": "-gu",
"4": "-dzě",
"40": "-goma",
"41": "-goma",
"42": "-dzě",
"43": "-dzi",
"44": "-gy",
"45": "-gъ",
"46": "-dzěxъ",
"47": "-gomъ",
"48": "-gy",
"49": "-dzi",
"5": "-gu",
"50": "-gy",
"51": "-gy",
"52": "-gъ",
"53": "-gaxъ",
"54": "-gamъ",
"55": "-gami",
"56": "-gy",
"57": "-ga",
"58": "-ga",
"59": "-gъ",
"6": "-gomь",
"60": "-dzěxъ",
"61": "-gomъ",
"62": "-gy",
"63": "-ga",
"7": "-že",
"8": "-ga",
"9": "-gǫ",
"title": "Indefinite declension of *-ga (hard)"
},
"name": "sla-decl-adj-table"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-gъjь",
"10": "-gyję̇",
"11": "-dzěji",
"12": "-dzěji",
"13": "-gǫjǫ",
"14": "-gaja",
"15": "-goje",
"16": "-goje",
"17": "-gajego",
"18": "-dzějemь",
"19": "-gujemu",
"2": "-gъjь",
"20": "-gyjimь",
"21": "-goje",
"22": "-gaja",
"23": "-gaja",
"24": "-guju",
"25": "-guju",
"26": "-gyjima",
"27": "-gyjima",
"28": "-gaja",
"29": "-dzěji",
"3": "-gajego",
"30": "-dzěji",
"31": "-guju",
"32": "-guju",
"33": "-gyjima",
"34": "-gyjima",
"35": "-dzěji",
"36": "-dzěji",
"37": "-dzěji",
"38": "-guju",
"39": "-guju",
"4": "-dzějemь",
"40": "-gyjima",
"41": "-gyjima",
"42": "-dzěji",
"43": "-dziji",
"44": "-gyję̇",
"45": "-gъjixъ",
"46": "-gyjixъ",
"47": "-gyjimъ",
"48": "-gyjimi",
"49": "-dziji",
"5": "-gujemu",
"50": "-gyję̇",
"51": "-gyję̇",
"52": "-gъjixъ",
"53": "-gyjixъ",
"54": "-gyjimъ",
"55": "-gyjimi",
"56": "-gyję̇",
"57": "-gaja",
"58": "-gaja",
"59": "-gъjixъ",
"6": "-gyjimь",
"60": "-gyjixъ",
"61": "-gyjimъ",
"62": "-gyjimi",
"63": "-gaja",
"7": "-gъjь",
"8": "-gaja",
"9": "-gǫjǫ",
"title": "Definite declension of *-ga (hard)"
},
"name": "sla-decl-adj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 45 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "dьliti (“to prolong”) → *dьlgъ (“long”)"
},
{
"text": "duti (“to blow, to swell”) → *dužь (“strong”) (with yo-declension)"
},
{
"text": "dorti (“to peel, to pluck”) → *dorgъ (“dear”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From basic root stems, forming attributional adjectives"
],
"id": "en--ga-sla-pro-suffix-QFgLUnxw",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*-bъ"
},
{
"word": "*-dъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "-ga"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic adjective-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard adjectives",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-ьba",
"3": "*-ba"
},
"expansion": "*-ba",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-ьda",
"3": "*-da"
},
"expansion": "*-da",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰe",
"4": "*-gʰo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-gʰo-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʰe",
"3": "*-gʰeh₂"
},
"expansion": "*-gʰeh₂",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "stógas",
"3": "",
"4": "build"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian stógas (“build”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "stóti",
"3": "",
"4": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian stóti (“to stand”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "",
"3": "-gas"
},
"expansion": "-gas",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-gô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-gô",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*frauþaz",
"3": "",
"4": "jumper"
},
"expansion": "*frauþaz (“jumper”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fruþgô",
"3": "",
"4": "frog"
},
"expansion": "*fruþgô (“frog”)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The suffix is one of several similar suffixes, namely *-ba, *-da, which formed derivative nouns from verbal or nominal roots. When attached to nouns or adjectives, it got compounded to the primal suffix of the stem, extending it into *-ьdza for i-stem roots or -oga for o-stem roots.\nUltimately, the suffix descends from Proto-Indo-European *-gʰo-, *-gʰeh₂. Encountered in Lithuanian stógas (“build”) = Lithuanian stóti (“to stand”) + -gas and analogous with Proto-Germanic *-gô (e.g. *frauþaz (“jumper”) → *fruþgô (“frog”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-ga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-gy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-gy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-gъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-dzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-gamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-gǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-gojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "locative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-gasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-go",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "strujiti (“to stream”) → *struga (“wave font”)"
},
{
"text": "sluti (“to be called, to utter”) → *sluga (“servant”)"
},
{
"text": "derti (“to tear”) → *dorga (“road”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deverbative, forming abstract nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*-ьba"
},
{
"word": "*-ьda"
},
{
"word": "*-tva"
},
{
"word": "*-ežь"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "gobь (“share, wealth”) → *gobьdzъ (“fortune”), *gobьdza (“abundance”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, forming attributive nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-gъ"
},
{
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-go"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ogъ"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-oga"
},
{
"word": "-iga"
},
{
"roman": "i-stem",
"word": "-ežь"
},
{
"sense": "From basic root stems, forming attributional adjectives; Synonyms",
"word": "-bъ"
},
{
"sense": "From basic root stems, forming attributional adjectives; Synonyms",
"word": "-dъ"
},
{
"english": "to prolong; long",
"sense": "From basic root stems, forming attributional adjectives",
"word": "dьliti → *dьlgъ ()"
},
{
"english": "to blow, to swell; strong; with yo-declension",
"sense": "From basic root stems, forming attributional adjectives",
"word": "duti → *dužь ()"
},
{
"english": "to peel, to pluck; dear",
"sense": "From basic root stems, forming attributional adjectives",
"word": "dorti → *dorgъ ()"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "-ga"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic adjective-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard adjectives",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "-га"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: -га (-ga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: -га (-ga)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "-га"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: -га (-ha)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: -га (-ha)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-га"
},
"expansion": "Russian: -га (-ga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: -га (-ga)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "-га"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: -га (-ha)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: -га (-ha)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-га",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: -га (-ga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: -га (-ga)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-ⰳⰰ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: -ⰳⰰ (-ga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: -ⰳⰰ (-ga)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-га"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: -га (-ga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: -га (-ga)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "-га"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: -га (-ga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: -га (-ga)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-га",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: -га",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: -га"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-ga",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: -ga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: -ga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "-ga"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: -ga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: -ga"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "-ha"
},
"expansion": "Czech: -ha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: -ha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-ga"
},
"expansion": "Polish: -ga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: -ga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "-ha"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: -ha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: -ha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "-ha"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: -ha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: -ha"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "-ha"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: -ha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: -ha"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-ьba",
"3": "*-ba"
},
"expansion": "*-ba",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-ьda",
"3": "*-da"
},
"expansion": "*-da",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰe",
"4": "*-gʰo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-gʰo-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʰe",
"3": "*-gʰeh₂"
},
"expansion": "*-gʰeh₂",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "stógas",
"3": "",
"4": "build"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian stógas (“build”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "stóti",
"3": "",
"4": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian stóti (“to stand”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "",
"3": "-gas"
},
"expansion": "-gas",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-gô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-gô",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*frauþaz",
"3": "",
"4": "jumper"
},
"expansion": "*frauþaz (“jumper”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fruþgô",
"3": "",
"4": "frog"
},
"expansion": "*fruþgô (“frog”)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The suffix is one of several similar suffixes, namely *-ba, *-da, which formed derivative nouns from verbal or nominal roots. When attached to nouns or adjectives, it got compounded to the primal suffix of the stem, extending it into *-ьdza for i-stem roots or -oga for o-stem roots.\nUltimately, the suffix descends from Proto-Indo-European *-gʰo-, *-gʰeh₂. Encountered in Lithuanian stógas (“build”) = Lithuanian stóti (“to stand”) + -gas and analogous with Proto-Germanic *-gô (e.g. *frauþaz (“jumper”) → *fruþgô (“frog”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-gъ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-adj-hard",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-gъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-go",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-go",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-že",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-go",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-go",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-gu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "-gu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-gu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "-goma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "-gama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-goma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "-ga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "-goma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "-gama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-goma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "-gu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "-gu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-gu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "-ga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-gy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-adj-hard",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-gъjь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-goje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gajego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gajego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gujemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gujemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gъjь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gǫjǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-goje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjimь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gǫjǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjimь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzějemь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzějemь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gъjь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-gaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-goje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-gaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-guju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "-guju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-guju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "-gaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"instrumental",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "-guju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "-guju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"feminine",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-guju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"locative",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "-gaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"feminine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dzěji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dziji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gъjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gъjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gъjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjimъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjimъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjimъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dziji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-gyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-gaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "g"
},
"name": "sla-decl-adj-hard"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-gъ",
"10": "-gy",
"11": "-dzě",
"12": "-dzě",
"13": "-gojǫ",
"14": "-go",
"15": "-go",
"16": "-go",
"17": "-ga",
"18": "-dzě",
"19": "-gu",
"2": "-gъ",
"20": "-gomь",
"21": "-go",
"22": "-ga",
"23": "-ga",
"24": "-gu",
"25": "-gu",
"26": "-goma",
"27": "-goma",
"28": "-ga",
"29": "-dzě",
"3": "-ga",
"30": "-dzě",
"31": "-gu",
"32": "-gu",
"33": "-gama",
"34": "-gama",
"35": "-dzě",
"36": "-dzě",
"37": "-dzě",
"38": "-gu",
"39": "-gu",
"4": "-dzě",
"40": "-goma",
"41": "-goma",
"42": "-dzě",
"43": "-dzi",
"44": "-gy",
"45": "-gъ",
"46": "-dzěxъ",
"47": "-gomъ",
"48": "-gy",
"49": "-dzi",
"5": "-gu",
"50": "-gy",
"51": "-gy",
"52": "-gъ",
"53": "-gaxъ",
"54": "-gamъ",
"55": "-gami",
"56": "-gy",
"57": "-ga",
"58": "-ga",
"59": "-gъ",
"6": "-gomь",
"60": "-dzěxъ",
"61": "-gomъ",
"62": "-gy",
"63": "-ga",
"7": "-že",
"8": "-ga",
"9": "-gǫ",
"title": "Indefinite declension of *-ga (hard)"
},
"name": "sla-decl-adj-table"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-gъjь",
"10": "-gyję̇",
"11": "-dzěji",
"12": "-dzěji",
"13": "-gǫjǫ",
"14": "-gaja",
"15": "-goje",
"16": "-goje",
"17": "-gajego",
"18": "-dzějemь",
"19": "-gujemu",
"2": "-gъjь",
"20": "-gyjimь",
"21": "-goje",
"22": "-gaja",
"23": "-gaja",
"24": "-guju",
"25": "-guju",
"26": "-gyjima",
"27": "-gyjima",
"28": "-gaja",
"29": "-dzěji",
"3": "-gajego",
"30": "-dzěji",
"31": "-guju",
"32": "-guju",
"33": "-gyjima",
"34": "-gyjima",
"35": "-dzěji",
"36": "-dzěji",
"37": "-dzěji",
"38": "-guju",
"39": "-guju",
"4": "-dzějemь",
"40": "-gyjima",
"41": "-gyjima",
"42": "-dzěji",
"43": "-dziji",
"44": "-gyję̇",
"45": "-gъjixъ",
"46": "-gyjixъ",
"47": "-gyjimъ",
"48": "-gyjimi",
"49": "-dziji",
"5": "-gujemu",
"50": "-gyję̇",
"51": "-gyję̇",
"52": "-gъjixъ",
"53": "-gyjixъ",
"54": "-gyjimъ",
"55": "-gyjimi",
"56": "-gyję̇",
"57": "-gaja",
"58": "-gaja",
"59": "-gъjixъ",
"6": "-gyjimь",
"60": "-gyjixъ",
"61": "-gyjimъ",
"62": "-gyjimi",
"63": "-gaja",
"7": "-gъjь",
"8": "-gaja",
"9": "-gǫjǫ",
"title": "Definite declension of *-ga (hard)"
},
"name": "sla-decl-adj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "dьliti (“to prolong”) → *dьlgъ (“long”)"
},
{
"text": "duti (“to blow, to swell”) → *dužь (“strong”) (with yo-declension)"
},
{
"text": "dorti (“to peel, to pluck”) → *dorgъ (“dear”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From basic root stems, forming attributional adjectives"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*-bъ"
},
{
"word": "*-dъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "-ga"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (a644e18 and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.