See -ežь in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "-ежь"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: -ежь (-ežĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: -ежь (-ežĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "-еж",
"3": "-ёж"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: -еж (-jež), -ёж (-jož)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: -еж (-jež), -ёж (-jož)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-ёжь",
"3": "-ёж",
"4": "-еж"
},
"expansion": "Russian: -ёжь (-jóžʹ), -ёж (-jóž), -еж (-ež)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: -ёжь (-jóžʹ), -ёж (-jóž), -еж (-ež)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "-іж"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: -іж (-iž)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: -іж (-iž)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-єжь",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: -єжь (-ežĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: -єжь (-ežĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-ⰵⰶⱐ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: -ⰵⰶⱐ (-ežĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: -ⰵⰶⱐ (-ežĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-еж"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: -еж (-ež)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: -еж (-ež)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "-еж"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: -еж (-ež)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: -еж (-ež)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-еж",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: -еж",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: -еж"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-ež",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: -ež",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: -ež"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "-ež"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: -ež",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: -ež"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "-ež"
},
"expansion": "Czech: -ež",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: -ež"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "-éż",
"3": "-éżô",
"4": "-ża"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: -éż, -éżô, -ża",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: -éż, -éżô, -ża"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-eż"
},
"expansion": "Polish: -eż",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: -eż"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "-ež"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: -ež",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: -ež"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "-éż"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: -éż",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: -éż"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la-vul",
"2": "-āgium"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin -āgium",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to Matasović, the origin of the suffix is unclear. He dismisses an old theory due to Vaillant for borrowing ultimately from Vulgar Latin -āgium, because there are not any loanwords in proto-Slavic which display this suffix.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ežь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eža",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-eži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eža",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ežu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ežь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ežu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ežema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ežemъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ežь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eža",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ežę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ežьmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ežemь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ežema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-eži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ežu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ežixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ežu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-eža",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-eži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ežь",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic_verbs_ending_in_-C-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic_verbs_ending_in_-a-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic_verbs_ending_in_-i-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "From verbs ending in -C- */padti/ > *pasti (“to fall”) → *padežь (“fall”)",
"text": "/mętti/ > *męsti (“to mix”) → *mętežь (“chaos, confusion”)\nsluti (“to utter”) → *slovežь (“utterance”)\norsti (“to grow, to rise”) → *orstežь (“growth”)"
},
{
"ref": "From verbs ending in -i- *grabiti (“to grab, to seize”) → *grabežь (“grabbing”)",
"text": "paliti (“to ignite, to set on fire”) → *paležь (“arson”)"
},
{
"ref": "From verbs ending in -a- *drapati (“to scratch”) → *drapežь (“plunder”)",
"text": "čьrtati (“to draw”) → *čьrtežь (“sketch”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deverbal, forming action nouns."
],
"id": "en--ežь-sla-pro-suffix-mlp6DeW2",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "moldъ (“young”) → *moldežь (“youth”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deadjectival, forming abstract or agent nouns."
],
"id": "en--ežь-sla-pro-suffix-rlGnln1W",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-ěžь"
}
],
"word": "-ežь"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic soft masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic soft o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic suffixes"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "-ежь"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: -ежь (-ežĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: -ежь (-ežĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "-еж",
"3": "-ёж"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: -еж (-jež), -ёж (-jož)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: -еж (-jež), -ёж (-jož)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-ёжь",
"3": "-ёж",
"4": "-еж"
},
"expansion": "Russian: -ёжь (-jóžʹ), -ёж (-jóž), -еж (-ež)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: -ёжь (-jóžʹ), -ёж (-jóž), -еж (-ež)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "-іж"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: -іж (-iž)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: -іж (-iž)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-єжь",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: -єжь (-ežĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: -єжь (-ežĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-ⰵⰶⱐ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: -ⰵⰶⱐ (-ežĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: -ⰵⰶⱐ (-ežĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-еж"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: -еж (-ež)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: -еж (-ež)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "-еж"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: -еж (-ež)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: -еж (-ež)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-еж",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: -еж",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: -еж"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-ež",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: -ež",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: -ež"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "-ež"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: -ež",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: -ež"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "-ež"
},
"expansion": "Czech: -ež",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: -ež"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "-éż",
"3": "-éżô",
"4": "-ża"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: -éż, -éżô, -ża",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: -éż, -éżô, -ża"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-eż"
},
"expansion": "Polish: -eż",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: -eż"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "-ež"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: -ež",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: -ež"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "-éż"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: -éż",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: -éż"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la-vul",
"2": "-āgium"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin -āgium",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to Matasović, the origin of the suffix is unclear. He dismisses an old theory due to Vaillant for borrowing ultimately from Vulgar Latin -āgium, because there are not any loanwords in proto-Slavic which display this suffix.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ežь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eža",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-eži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eža",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ežu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ežь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ežu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ežema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ežemъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ežь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eža",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ežę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ežьmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ežemь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ežema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-eži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ežu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ežixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ežu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-eža",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-eži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ežь",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic_verbs_ending_in_-C-",
"Proto-Slavic_verbs_ending_in_-a-",
"Proto-Slavic_verbs_ending_in_-i-"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "From verbs ending in -C- */padti/ > *pasti (“to fall”) → *padežь (“fall”)",
"text": "/mętti/ > *męsti (“to mix”) → *mętežь (“chaos, confusion”)\nsluti (“to utter”) → *slovežь (“utterance”)\norsti (“to grow, to rise”) → *orstežь (“growth”)"
},
{
"ref": "From verbs ending in -i- *grabiti (“to grab, to seize”) → *grabežь (“grabbing”)",
"text": "paliti (“to ignite, to set on fire”) → *paležь (“arson”)"
},
{
"ref": "From verbs ending in -a- *drapati (“to scratch”) → *drapežь (“plunder”)",
"text": "čьrtati (“to draw”) → *čьrtežь (“sketch”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deverbal, forming action nouns."
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "moldъ (“young”) → *moldežь (“youth”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deadjectival, forming abstract or agent nouns."
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ěžь"
}
],
"word": "-ežь"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ežь meaning in Proto-Slavic (7.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.