See -aľь in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "-álʹ",
"word": "-а́ль"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-alʹ",
"word": "-аль"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-álʹ",
"word": "-а́ль"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-álʹ",
"word": "-а́ль"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "-alĭ",
"word": "-аль"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "-аљ"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "-alj"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
},
{
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "-ar"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "-ál"
},
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "-áľ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "-al"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "-ál"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "-áľ"
},
{
"lang": "Slovincian",
"lang_code": "zlw-slv",
"word": "-ol"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "-al"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"id": "nominal"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-lỹs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian -lỹs",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Lithuanian -lỹs in pirklỹs (< pir̃kti), piršlỹs (< pir̃šti).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľemъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľьmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľemь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-aľь",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "kovati (“to forge”) → *kovaľь (“blacksmith”)"
},
{
"text": "kopati (“to dig”) → *kopaľь (“digger”)"
},
{
"text": "xaxati → *xaxaľь"
},
{
"text": "obьrtati → *obьrtaľь (compare *obьrtalъ, *obьrtelъ)"
},
{
"text": "gora (“mountain”) → *goraľь (“mountain dweller”) (compare *gorakъ, *gorěnъ / *gorěninъ)"
},
{
"text": "nosъ (“nose”) → *nosaľь (“human with big nose”) (compare *nosačь, *nosakъ, *nosanъ, *nosařь)"
},
{
"text": "lysъ (“bald”) → *lysaľь (compare *lysačь, *lysakъ, *lysanъ)"
}
],
"id": "en--aľь-sla-pro-suffix-47DEQpj8",
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to verbs)",
"(added to nouns)",
"(added to adjectives)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to verbs",
"added to nouns",
"added to adjectives"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*-ařь"
},
{
"word": "*-čь"
},
{
"word": "*-ьcь"
}
],
"tags": [
"empty-gloss",
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"no-gloss",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-aľь"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "-álʹ",
"word": "-а́ль"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-alʹ",
"word": "-аль"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-álʹ",
"word": "-а́ль"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-álʹ",
"word": "-а́ль"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "-alĭ",
"word": "-аль"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "-аљ"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "-alj"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
},
{
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "-ar"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "-ál"
},
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "-áľ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "-al"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "-ál"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "-áľ"
},
{
"lang": "Slovincian",
"lang_code": "zlw-slv",
"word": "-ol"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "-al"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"id": "nominal"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-lỹs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian -lỹs",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Lithuanian -lỹs in pirklỹs (< pir̃kti), piršlỹs (< pir̃šti).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľemъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľьmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľemь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-aľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-aľь",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic soft masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic soft o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic suffixes"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "kovati (“to forge”) → *kovaľь (“blacksmith”)"
},
{
"text": "kopati (“to dig”) → *kopaľь (“digger”)"
},
{
"text": "xaxati → *xaxaľь"
},
{
"text": "obьrtati → *obьrtaľь (compare *obьrtalъ, *obьrtelъ)"
},
{
"text": "gora (“mountain”) → *goraľь (“mountain dweller”) (compare *gorakъ, *gorěnъ / *gorěninъ)"
},
{
"text": "nosъ (“nose”) → *nosaľь (“human with big nose”) (compare *nosačь, *nosakъ, *nosanъ, *nosařь)"
},
{
"text": "lysъ (“bald”) → *lysaľь (compare *lysačь, *lysakъ, *lysanъ)"
}
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to verbs)",
"(added to nouns)",
"(added to adjectives)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to verbs",
"added to nouns",
"added to adjectives"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*-ařь"
},
{
"word": "*-čь"
},
{
"word": "*-ьcь"
}
],
"tags": [
"empty-gloss",
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"no-gloss",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-aľь"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -aľь meaning in Proto-Slavic (5.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.