See časъ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "часъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: часъ (časŭ)\nBelarusian: час (čas)\nRussian: час (čas)\n→ Kildin Sami: ча̄сс (čāss, “hour, watch”)\n→ Yakut: чаас (caas, “hour”)\nCarpathian Rusyn: час (čas)\nUkrainian: час (čas)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: часъ (časŭ)\nBelarusian: час (čas)\nRussian: час (čas)\n→ Kildin Sami: ча̄сс (čāss, “hour, watch”)\n→ Yakut: чаас (caas, “hour”)\nCarpathian Rusyn: час (čas)\nUkrainian: час (čas)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⱍⰰⱄⱏ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱍⰰⱄⱏ (časŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: ⱍⰰⱄⱏ (časŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "часъ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: часъ (časŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: часъ (časŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "час"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: час (čas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: час (čas)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "час"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: час (čas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: час (čas)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "час",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: час",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: час"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "čas",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: čas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: čas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "čas"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: čas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: čas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "čas"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: čas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: čas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "čas"
},
"expansion": "Czech: čas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: čas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "Chod dialect"
},
"expansion": "(Chod dialect)",
"name": "a"
}
],
"text": "Bohemian (Chod dialect): čas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "Mistřice"
},
"expansion": "(Mistřice)",
"name": "a"
}
],
"text": "Moravian (Mistřice): čas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "czas"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: czas\nPolish: czas\nSilesian: czas",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: czas\nPolish: czas\nSilesian: czas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "czas"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: czas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: czas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "czas"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: czas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: czas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-osk",
"2": "čas"
},
"expansion": "Old Slovak: čas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Slovak: čas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"2": "час"
},
"expansion": "Pannonian Rusyn: час (čas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pannonian Rusyn: час (čas)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "čas"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: čas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: čas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "cas"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: cas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: cas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "čas"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: čas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: čas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ceas",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: ceas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: ceas"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*keˀs-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *keˀs-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*k(ʷ)eh₁s-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *k(ʷ)eh₁s-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "kīsman",
"3": "",
"4": "time"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian kīsman (“time”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "kohë",
"3": "",
"4": "time"
},
"expansion": "Albanian kohë (“time”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kes-",
"4": "",
"5": "to go"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to go”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अटति",
"3": "",
"4": "to go",
"tr": "átati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit अटति (átati, “to go”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *keˀs-, probably from Proto-Indo-European *k(ʷ)eh₁s-. Cognate with Old Prussian kīsman (“time”) and Albanian kohë (“time”). Akin to *čajati (“to wait, expect”) and *čakati, with a semantic development similar to the one found between *godъ and *žьdati (“to wait”).\nThe other possibility is from the lengthened grade of Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to go”), with a semantic development similar to the one found in Latin annus (“year”) (< earlier *atnos < PIE *h₂et- (“to go”); compare Sanskrit अटति (átati, “to go”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "čàsъ",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsȳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsě̄xъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čàse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "čàsъ",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/časъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"time"
],
"id": "en-časъ-sla-pro-noun-M2B0gF~I",
"links": [
[
"time",
"time"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "to wait, expect",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"word": "čajati"
},
{
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"word": "čakati"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "časъ"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "часъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: часъ (časŭ)\nBelarusian: час (čas)\nRussian: час (čas)\n→ Kildin Sami: ча̄сс (čāss, “hour, watch”)\n→ Yakut: чаас (caas, “hour”)\nCarpathian Rusyn: час (čas)\nUkrainian: час (čas)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: часъ (časŭ)\nBelarusian: час (čas)\nRussian: час (čas)\n→ Kildin Sami: ча̄сс (čāss, “hour, watch”)\n→ Yakut: чаас (caas, “hour”)\nCarpathian Rusyn: час (čas)\nUkrainian: час (čas)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⱍⰰⱄⱏ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱍⰰⱄⱏ (časŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: ⱍⰰⱄⱏ (časŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "часъ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: часъ (časŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: часъ (časŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "час"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: час (čas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: час (čas)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "час"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: час (čas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: час (čas)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "час",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: час",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: час"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "čas",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: čas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: čas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "čas"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: čas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: čas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "čas"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: čas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: čas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "čas"
},
"expansion": "Czech: čas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: čas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "Chod dialect"
},
"expansion": "(Chod dialect)",
"name": "a"
}
],
"text": "Bohemian (Chod dialect): čas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "Mistřice"
},
"expansion": "(Mistřice)",
"name": "a"
}
],
"text": "Moravian (Mistřice): čas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "czas"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: czas\nPolish: czas\nSilesian: czas",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: czas\nPolish: czas\nSilesian: czas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "czas"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: czas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: czas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "czas"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: czas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: czas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-osk",
"2": "čas"
},
"expansion": "Old Slovak: čas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Slovak: čas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"2": "час"
},
"expansion": "Pannonian Rusyn: час (čas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pannonian Rusyn: час (čas)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "čas"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: čas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: čas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "cas"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: cas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: cas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "čas"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: čas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: čas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ceas",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: ceas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: ceas"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*keˀs-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *keˀs-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*k(ʷ)eh₁s-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *k(ʷ)eh₁s-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "kīsman",
"3": "",
"4": "time"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian kīsman (“time”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "kohë",
"3": "",
"4": "time"
},
"expansion": "Albanian kohë (“time”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kes-",
"4": "",
"5": "to go"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to go”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अटति",
"3": "",
"4": "to go",
"tr": "átati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit अटति (átati, “to go”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *keˀs-, probably from Proto-Indo-European *k(ʷ)eh₁s-. Cognate with Old Prussian kīsman (“time”) and Albanian kohë (“time”). Akin to *čajati (“to wait, expect”) and *čakati, with a semantic development similar to the one found between *godъ and *žьdati (“to wait”).\nThe other possibility is from the lengthened grade of Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to go”), with a semantic development similar to the one found in Latin annus (“year”) (< earlier *atnos < PIE *h₂et- (“to go”); compare Sanskrit अटति (átati, “to go”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "čàsъ",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsȳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsě̄xъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čàse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čàsi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "čàsъ",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/časъ",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "to wait, expect",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"word": "čajati"
},
{
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"word": "čakati"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"glosses": [
"time"
],
"links": [
[
"time",
"time"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "časъ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for časъ meaning in Proto-Slavic (8.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.