spēs in Proto-Italic

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Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *spéh₁s (“prosperity”). Etymology templates: {{etymon|itc-pro|inh|ine-pro>*spéh₁s>prosperity|id=hope}}, {{inh|itc-pro|ine-pro|*spéh₁s||prosperity}} Proto-Indo-European *spéh₁s (“prosperity”) Head templates: {{head|itc-pro|noun|g=f}} *spēs f Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], spēs [nominative, singular], spēzes [nominative, plural], spēs [singular, vocative], spēzes [plural, vocative], spēzem [accusative, singular], spēzens [accusative, plural], spēzes [genitive, singular], spēzos [genitive, singular], spēzom [genitive, plural], spēzei [dative, singular], spēzβos [dative, plural], spēzi? spēze? [ablative, singular], spēzβos [ablative, plural], spēzi? spēze? [locative, singular], spēzβos [locative, plural]

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{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "spēs"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: spēs",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: spēs"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "inh",
        "3": "ine-pro>*spéh₁s>prosperity",
        "id": "hope"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*spéh₁s",
        "4": "",
        "5": "prosperity"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *spéh₁s (“prosperity”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *spéh₁s (“prosperity”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēzes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēzes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēzem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēzens",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēzes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēzos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēzom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēzei",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēzβos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēzi? spēze?",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēzβos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēzi? spēze?",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēzβos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "*spēs f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Italic",
  "lang_code": "itc-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/spēs",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hope"
      ],
      "id": "en-spēs-itc-pro-noun-wpJ39V-z",
      "links": [
        [
          "hope",
          "hope"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "spēs"
}

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{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "spēs"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: spēs",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: spēs"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "inh",
        "3": "ine-pro>*spéh₁s>prosperity",
        "id": "hope"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*spéh₁s",
        "4": "",
        "5": "prosperity"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *spéh₁s (“prosperity”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *spéh₁s (“prosperity”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēzes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēzes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēzem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēzens",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēzes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēzos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēzom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēzei",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēzβos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēzi? spēze?",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēzβos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēzi? spēze?",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēzβos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "*spēs f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Italic",
  "lang_code": "itc-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/spēs",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Italic consonant stem nouns",
        "Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Italic feminine nouns",
        "Proto-Italic lemmas",
        "Proto-Italic nouns",
        "Proto-Italic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Italic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *speh₁-",
        "Proto-Italic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hope"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hope",
          "hope"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "spēs"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Italic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (74c5344 and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"spēs" meaning in Proto-Italic

Noun