hortos in Proto-Italic

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Etymology: From earlier *xortos (to differentiate it from a later form *hortos if the shift */x/ > */h/ in the Italic languages already happened during late Proto-Italic), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰórtos, from *ǵʰer- (“to enclose”). De Vaan is suspicious of the o-grade (*-tós usually demanding the zero grade), believing that the similar o-grade *gʰórdʰos (from *gʰerdʰ- + *-os) must have contaminated it. Etymology templates: {{inh|itc-pro|ine-pro|*ǵʰórtos}} Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰórtos, {{m|ine-pro|*ǵʰer-|t=to enclose}} *ǵʰer- (“to enclose”), {{m|ine-pro|*-tós}} *-tós, {{m|ine-pro||*gʰórdʰos}} *gʰórdʰos, {{af|ine-pro|*gʰerdʰ-|*-os|nocat=1}} *gʰerdʰ- + *-os Head templates: {{head|itc-pro|noun|g=m}} *hortos m Inflection templates: {{itc-decl-noun-o-mf|hort}}, {{itc-decl-noun-table|abl_pl=*hortois|abl_sg=*hortōd|acc_pl=*hortons|acc_sg=*hortom|dat_pl=*hortois|dat_sg=*hortōi|gen_pl=*hortom|gen_sg=*hortosjo, hortī|loc_pl=*hortois|loc_sg=*hortei|nom_pl=*hortōs, hortoi|nom_sg=*hortos|type=o-stem|voc_pl=*hortōs, hortoi|voc_sg=*horte}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], hortos [nominative, singular], hortōs [nominative, plural], hortoi [nominative, plural], horte [singular, vocative], hortōs [plural, vocative], hortoi [plural, vocative], hortom [accusative, singular], hortons [accusative, plural], hortosjo [genitive, singular], hortī [genitive, singular], hortom [genitive, plural], hortōi [dative, singular], hortois [dative, plural], hortōd [ablative, singular], hortois [ablative, plural], hortei [locative, singular], hortois [locative, plural]

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{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "hortus",
            "t": "garden"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: hortus (“garden”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: hortus (“garden”) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osc",
            "2": "𐌇𐌞𐌓𐌆",
            "t": "enclosure"
          },
          "expansion": "Oscan: 𐌇𐌞𐌓𐌆 (húrz, “enclosure”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Oscan: 𐌇𐌞𐌓𐌆 (húrz, “enclosure”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ǵʰórtos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰórtos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ǵʰer-",
        "t": "to enclose"
      },
      "expansion": "*ǵʰer- (“to enclose”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*-tós"
      },
      "expansion": "*-tós",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*gʰórdʰos"
      },
      "expansion": "*gʰórdʰos",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*gʰerdʰ-",
        "3": "*-os",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "*gʰerdʰ- + *-os",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier *xortos (to differentiate it from a later form *hortos if the shift */x/ > */h/ in the Italic languages already happened during late Proto-Italic), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰórtos, from *ǵʰer- (“to enclose”). De Vaan is suspicious of the o-grade (*-tós usually demanding the zero grade), believing that the similar o-grade *gʰórdʰos (from *gʰerdʰ- + *-os) must have contaminated it.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "itc-decl-noun-o-mf",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hortos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hortōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hortoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "horte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hortōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hortoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hortom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hortons",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hortosjo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hortī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hortom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hortōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hortois",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hortōd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hortois",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hortei",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hortois",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "*hortos m",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hort"
      },
      "name": "itc-decl-noun-o-mf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "abl_pl": "*hortois",
        "abl_sg": "*hortōd",
        "acc_pl": "*hortons",
        "acc_sg": "*hortom",
        "dat_pl": "*hortois",
        "dat_sg": "*hortōi",
        "gen_pl": "*hortom",
        "gen_sg": "*hortosjo, hortī",
        "loc_pl": "*hortois",
        "loc_sg": "*hortei",
        "nom_pl": "*hortōs, hortoi",
        "nom_sg": "*hortos",
        "type": "o-stem",
        "voc_pl": "*hortōs, hortoi",
        "voc_sg": "*horte"
      },
      "name": "itc-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Italic",
  "lang_code": "itc-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/hortos",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "enclosure"
      ],
      "id": "en-hortos-itc-pro-noun-le~sxbl9",
      "links": [
        [
          "enclosure",
          "enclosure"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "hortos"
}

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{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "hortus",
            "t": "garden"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: hortus (“garden”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: hortus (“garden”) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osc",
            "2": "𐌇𐌞𐌓𐌆",
            "t": "enclosure"
          },
          "expansion": "Oscan: 𐌇𐌞𐌓𐌆 (húrz, “enclosure”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Oscan: 𐌇𐌞𐌓𐌆 (húrz, “enclosure”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ǵʰórtos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰórtos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ǵʰer-",
        "t": "to enclose"
      },
      "expansion": "*ǵʰer- (“to enclose”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*-tós"
      },
      "expansion": "*-tós",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*gʰórdʰos"
      },
      "expansion": "*gʰórdʰos",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*gʰerdʰ-",
        "3": "*-os",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "*gʰerdʰ- + *-os",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier *xortos (to differentiate it from a later form *hortos if the shift */x/ > */h/ in the Italic languages already happened during late Proto-Italic), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰórtos, from *ǵʰer- (“to enclose”). De Vaan is suspicious of the o-grade (*-tós usually demanding the zero grade), believing that the similar o-grade *gʰórdʰos (from *gʰerdʰ- + *-os) must have contaminated it.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "itc-decl-noun-o-mf",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hortos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hortōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hortoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "horte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hortōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hortoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hortom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hortons",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hortosjo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hortī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hortom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hortōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hortois",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hortōd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hortois",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hortei",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hortois",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "*hortos m",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hort"
      },
      "name": "itc-decl-noun-o-mf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "abl_pl": "*hortois",
        "abl_sg": "*hortōd",
        "acc_pl": "*hortons",
        "acc_sg": "*hortom",
        "dat_pl": "*hortois",
        "dat_sg": "*hortōi",
        "gen_pl": "*hortom",
        "gen_sg": "*hortosjo, hortī",
        "loc_pl": "*hortois",
        "loc_sg": "*hortei",
        "nom_pl": "*hortōs, hortoi",
        "nom_sg": "*hortos",
        "type": "o-stem",
        "voc_pl": "*hortōs, hortoi",
        "voc_sg": "*horte"
      },
      "name": "itc-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Italic",
  "lang_code": "itc-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/hortos",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Italic lemmas",
        "Proto-Italic masculine nouns",
        "Proto-Italic nouns",
        "Proto-Italic o-stem nouns",
        "Proto-Italic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Italic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "enclosure"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "enclosure",
          "enclosure"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "hortos"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Italic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"hortos" meaning in Proto-Italic

Noun