See hesternos in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for hesternos meaning in Proto-Italic (7.8kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "hesternus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: hesternus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: hesternus (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰǵʰyésteros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰyésteros",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*-nos"
},
"expansion": "*-nos",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yester-"
},
"expansion": "English yester-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gestern"
},
"expansion": "German gestern",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gisteren"
},
"expansion": "Dutch gisteren",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *xesternos (to differentiate it from a later form *hortos if the shift */x/ > */h/ in the Italic languages already happened during late Proto-Italic). From Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰyésteros + *-nos (the earlier version in Proto-Italic is generated by the apheresis of dʰ-, otherwise it would be **θesternos, but the regular development is x > h, hence Latin hesternus).\nCognate with English yester- (cf. yesterday), German gestern (cf. Gestern) and Dutch gisteren.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hesternjōs",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternisəmos",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "itc-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o/ā-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesterne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hesterna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternosjo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternosjo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternōi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternāi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternōi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternōd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternād",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternōd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternāi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternons",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternans",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternāzōm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "comparative",
"4": "*hesternjōs",
"5": "superlative",
"6": "*hesternisəmos"
},
"expansion": "*hesternos (comparative *hesternjōs, superlative *hesternisəmos)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hestern"
},
"name": "itc-decl-adj-o+a"
},
{
"args": {
"abl_pl_f": "*hesternais",
"abl_pl_m": "*hesternois",
"abl_pl_n": "*hesternois",
"abl_sg_f": "*hesternād",
"abl_sg_m": "*hesternōd",
"abl_sg_n": "*hesternōd",
"acc_pl_f": "*hesternans",
"acc_pl_m": "*hesternons",
"acc_pl_n": "*hesternā",
"acc_sg_f": "*hesternam",
"acc_sg_m": "*hesternom",
"acc_sg_n": "*hesternom",
"dat_pl_f": "*hesternais",
"dat_pl_m": "*hesternois",
"dat_pl_n": "*hesternois",
"dat_sg_f": "*hesternāi",
"dat_sg_m": "*hesternōi",
"dat_sg_n": "*hesternōi",
"gen_pl_f": "*hesternāzōm",
"gen_pl_m": "*hesternom",
"gen_pl_n": "*hesternom",
"gen_sg_f": "*hesternās",
"gen_sg_m": "*hesternosjo, hesternī",
"gen_sg_n": "*hesternosjo, hesternī",
"loc_pl_f": "*hesternais",
"loc_pl_m": "*hesternois",
"loc_pl_n": "*hesternois",
"loc_sg_f": "*hesternāi",
"loc_sg_m": "*hesternei",
"loc_sg_n": "*hesternei",
"nom_pl_f": "*hesternās",
"nom_pl_m": "*hesternōs, hesternoi",
"nom_pl_n": "*hesternā",
"nom_sg_f": "*hesternā",
"nom_sg_m": "*hesternos",
"nom_sg_n": "*hesternom",
"type": "o/ā-stem",
"voc_pl_f": "*hesternās",
"voc_pl_m": "*hesternōs, hesternoi",
"voc_pl_n": "*hesternā",
"voc_sg_f": "*hesterna",
"voc_sg_m": "*hesterne",
"voc_sg_n": "*hesternom"
},
"name": "itc-decl-adj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/hesternos",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Italic terms suffixed with *-nos",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"yesterday's"
],
"id": "en-hesternos-itc-pro-adj-EcD64zGW",
"links": [
[
"yesterday",
"yesterday"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "hesternos"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "hesternus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: hesternus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: hesternus (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰǵʰyésteros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰyésteros",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*-nos"
},
"expansion": "*-nos",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yester-"
},
"expansion": "English yester-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gestern"
},
"expansion": "German gestern",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gisteren"
},
"expansion": "Dutch gisteren",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *xesternos (to differentiate it from a later form *hortos if the shift */x/ > */h/ in the Italic languages already happened during late Proto-Italic). From Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰyésteros + *-nos (the earlier version in Proto-Italic is generated by the apheresis of dʰ-, otherwise it would be **θesternos, but the regular development is x > h, hence Latin hesternus).\nCognate with English yester- (cf. yesterday), German gestern (cf. Gestern) and Dutch gisteren.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hesternjōs",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternisəmos",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "itc-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o/ā-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesterne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hesterna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternosjo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternosjo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternōi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternāi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternōi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternōd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternād",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternōd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternāi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternons",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternans",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternāzōm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesternois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "comparative",
"4": "*hesternjōs",
"5": "superlative",
"6": "*hesternisəmos"
},
"expansion": "*hesternos (comparative *hesternjōs, superlative *hesternisəmos)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hestern"
},
"name": "itc-decl-adj-o+a"
},
{
"args": {
"abl_pl_f": "*hesternais",
"abl_pl_m": "*hesternois",
"abl_pl_n": "*hesternois",
"abl_sg_f": "*hesternād",
"abl_sg_m": "*hesternōd",
"abl_sg_n": "*hesternōd",
"acc_pl_f": "*hesternans",
"acc_pl_m": "*hesternons",
"acc_pl_n": "*hesternā",
"acc_sg_f": "*hesternam",
"acc_sg_m": "*hesternom",
"acc_sg_n": "*hesternom",
"dat_pl_f": "*hesternais",
"dat_pl_m": "*hesternois",
"dat_pl_n": "*hesternois",
"dat_sg_f": "*hesternāi",
"dat_sg_m": "*hesternōi",
"dat_sg_n": "*hesternōi",
"gen_pl_f": "*hesternāzōm",
"gen_pl_m": "*hesternom",
"gen_pl_n": "*hesternom",
"gen_sg_f": "*hesternās",
"gen_sg_m": "*hesternosjo, hesternī",
"gen_sg_n": "*hesternosjo, hesternī",
"loc_pl_f": "*hesternais",
"loc_pl_m": "*hesternois",
"loc_pl_n": "*hesternois",
"loc_sg_f": "*hesternāi",
"loc_sg_m": "*hesternei",
"loc_sg_n": "*hesternei",
"nom_pl_f": "*hesternās",
"nom_pl_m": "*hesternōs, hesternoi",
"nom_pl_n": "*hesternā",
"nom_sg_f": "*hesternā",
"nom_sg_m": "*hesternos",
"nom_sg_n": "*hesternom",
"type": "o/ā-stem",
"voc_pl_f": "*hesternās",
"voc_pl_m": "*hesternōs, hesternoi",
"voc_pl_n": "*hesternā",
"voc_sg_f": "*hesterna",
"voc_sg_m": "*hesterne",
"voc_sg_n": "*hesternom"
},
"name": "itc-decl-adj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/hesternos",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Italic adjectives",
"Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Italic lemmas",
"Proto-Italic o/ā-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Italic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Italic terms suffixed with *-nos"
],
"glosses": [
"yesterday's"
],
"links": [
[
"yesterday",
"yesterday"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "hesternos"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Italic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (4d5d0bb and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.