fars in Proto-Italic

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Etymology: Many apparent cognates can be found around Europe, such as Old Irish bairgen (“bread”), Welsh bara (“bread”), Proto-Slavic *boršьno, and Proto-Germanic *baraz (“barley”), tentatively from Proto-Indo-European *bʰers- (“spike, bristle”). The matching s-stem in Germanic could point to *bʰóros ~ *bʰóresos with unusual o-grade. However, De Vaan doubts the existence of an inherited Indo-European root for these, given the *a shared by the words, and wonders if they were derived from a foreign source. Etymology templates: {{dercat|itc-pro|ine-pro|qfa-sub|inh=1}}, {{cog|sga|bairgen|t=bread}} Old Irish bairgen (“bread”), {{cog|cy|bara|t=bread}} Welsh bara (“bread”), {{cog|sla-pro|*boršьno}} Proto-Slavic *boršьno, {{cog|gem-pro|*baraz|t=barley}} Proto-Germanic *baraz (“barley”), {{der|itc-pro|ine-pro|*bʰers-|t=spike, bristle}} Proto-Indo-European *bʰers- (“spike, bristle”) Head templates: {{head|itc-pro|noun|g=n}} *fars n Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], fars [nominative, singular], farsā [nominative, plural], fars [singular, vocative], farsā [plural, vocative], fars [accusative, singular], farsā [accusative, plural], farses [genitive, singular], farsos [genitive, singular], farsom [genitive, plural], farsei [dative, singular], farsβos [dative, plural], farsi? farse? [ablative, singular], farsβos [ablative, plural], farsi? farse? [locative, singular], farsβos [locative, plural]

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{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "farsāsios"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "farseos"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "far"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: far",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: far (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osc",
            "2": "𐌚𐌀𐌓"
          },
          "expansion": "Oscan: 𐌚𐌀𐌓 (far)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Oscan: 𐌚𐌀𐌓 (far)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xum",
            "2": "far",
            "3": "farer",
            "pos1": "acc. sg",
            "pos2": "gen. sg."
          },
          "expansion": "Umbrian: far (acc. sg), farer (gen. sg.)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Umbrian: far (acc. sg), farer (gen. sg.)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "qfa-sub",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "bairgen",
        "t": "bread"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish bairgen (“bread”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "bara",
        "t": "bread"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh bara (“bread”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*boršьno"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *boršьno",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*baraz",
        "t": "barley"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *baraz (“barley”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰers-",
        "t": "spike, bristle"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰers- (“spike, bristle”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Many apparent cognates can be found around Europe, such as Old Irish bairgen (“bread”), Welsh bara (“bread”), Proto-Slavic *boršьno, and Proto-Germanic *baraz (“barley”), tentatively from Proto-Indo-European *bʰers- (“spike, bristle”). The matching s-stem in Germanic could point to *bʰóros ~ *bʰóresos with unusual o-grade. However, De Vaan doubts the existence of an inherited Indo-European root for these, given the *a shared by the words, and wonders if they were derived from a foreign source.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fars",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "farsā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fars",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "farsā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fars",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "farsā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "farses",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "farsos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "farsom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "farsei",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "farsβos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "farsi? farse?",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "farsβos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "farsi? farse?",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "farsβos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "n"
      },
      "expansion": "*fars n",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Italic",
  "lang_code": "itc-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/fars",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "81 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "91 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "flour"
      ],
      "id": "en-fars-itc-pro-noun-9V-Xz6Dd",
      "links": [
        [
          "flour",
          "flour"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "grain"
      ],
      "id": "en-fars-itc-pro-noun-LCJAIXtk",
      "links": [
        [
          "grain",
          "grain"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "fars"
}

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{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Italic consonant stem nouns",
    "Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Italic lemmas",
    "Proto-Italic neuter nouns",
    "Proto-Italic nouns",
    "Proto-Italic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Italic terms derived from substrate languages",
    "Proto-Italic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "farsāsios"
    },
    {
      "word": "farseos"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "far"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: far",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: far (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osc",
            "2": "𐌚𐌀𐌓"
          },
          "expansion": "Oscan: 𐌚𐌀𐌓 (far)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Oscan: 𐌚𐌀𐌓 (far)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xum",
            "2": "far",
            "3": "farer",
            "pos1": "acc. sg",
            "pos2": "gen. sg."
          },
          "expansion": "Umbrian: far (acc. sg), farer (gen. sg.)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Umbrian: far (acc. sg), farer (gen. sg.)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "qfa-sub",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "bairgen",
        "t": "bread"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish bairgen (“bread”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "bara",
        "t": "bread"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh bara (“bread”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*boršьno"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *boršьno",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*baraz",
        "t": "barley"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *baraz (“barley”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰers-",
        "t": "spike, bristle"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰers- (“spike, bristle”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Many apparent cognates can be found around Europe, such as Old Irish bairgen (“bread”), Welsh bara (“bread”), Proto-Slavic *boršьno, and Proto-Germanic *baraz (“barley”), tentatively from Proto-Indo-European *bʰers- (“spike, bristle”). The matching s-stem in Germanic could point to *bʰóros ~ *bʰóresos with unusual o-grade. However, De Vaan doubts the existence of an inherited Indo-European root for these, given the *a shared by the words, and wonders if they were derived from a foreign source.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fars",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "farsā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fars",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "farsā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fars",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "farsā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "farses",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "farsos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "farsom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "farsei",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "farsβos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "farsi? farse?",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "farsβos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "farsi? farse?",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "farsβos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "n"
      },
      "expansion": "*fars n",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Italic",
  "lang_code": "itc-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/fars",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "flour"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "flour",
          "flour"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "grain"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grain",
          "grain"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "fars"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Italic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (f2d86ce and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"fars" meaning in Proto-Italic

Noun