See esto in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "iste"
},
"expansion": "Latin: iste",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: iste"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spx",
"2": "𐌄𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌔",
"pos1": "nom pl fem."
},
"expansion": "South Picene: 𐌄𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌔 (estas, nom pl fem.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "South Picene: 𐌄𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌔 (estas, nom pl fem.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "𐌄𐌔𐌕𐌖",
"3": "𐌄𐌔𐌕𐌄",
"pos1": "acc sg masc.",
"pos2": "acc sg neut."
},
"expansion": "Umbrian: 𐌄𐌔𐌕𐌖 (estu, acc sg masc.), 𐌄𐌔𐌕𐌄 (este, acc sg neut.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Umbrian: 𐌄𐌔𐌕𐌖 (estu, acc sg masc.), 𐌄𐌔𐌕𐌄 (este, acc sg neut.)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ís",
"4": "*(h₁)es-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)es-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A compound pronoun from Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)es- + *só, with the s-initial forms of the latter element replaced with t-initial forms.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "estā",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "estod",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "irregular",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "itc-decl-pron-to",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "esto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estod",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "este",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "esta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "estod",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "estom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estod",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estosjo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estosjās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estosjo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estōi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estāi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estōi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estōd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estād",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estōd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estāi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "estās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "estā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "estons",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estans",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estāzōm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "feminine",
"4": "*estā",
"5": "neuter",
"6": "*estod",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*esto m (feminine *estā, neuter *estod)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "est"
},
"name": "itc-decl-pron-to"
},
{
"args": {
"abl_pl_f": "*estais",
"abl_pl_m": "*estois",
"abl_pl_n": "*estois",
"abl_sg_f": "*estād",
"abl_sg_m": "*estōd",
"abl_sg_n": "*estōd",
"acc_pl_f": "*estans",
"acc_pl_m": "*estons",
"acc_pl_n": "*estā",
"acc_sg_f": "*estam",
"acc_sg_m": "*estom",
"acc_sg_n": "*estod",
"dat_pl_f": "*estais",
"dat_pl_m": "*estois",
"dat_pl_n": "*estois",
"dat_sg_f": "*estāi",
"dat_sg_m": "*estōi",
"dat_sg_n": "*estōi",
"gen_pl_f": "*estāzōm",
"gen_pl_m": "*estom",
"gen_pl_n": "*estom",
"gen_sg_f": "*estosjās",
"gen_sg_m": "*estosjo",
"gen_sg_n": "*estosjo",
"loc_pl_f": "*estais",
"loc_pl_m": "*estois",
"loc_pl_n": "*estois",
"loc_sg_f": "*estāi",
"loc_sg_m": "*estei",
"loc_sg_n": "*estei",
"nom_pl_f": "*estās",
"nom_pl_m": "*estoi",
"nom_pl_n": "*estā",
"nom_sg_f": "*estā",
"nom_sg_m": "*esto",
"nom_sg_n": "*estod",
"type": "irregular pronoun",
"voc_pl_f": "*estās",
"voc_pl_m": "*estoi",
"voc_pl_n": "*estā",
"voc_sg_f": "*esta",
"voc_sg_m": "*este",
"voc_sg_n": "*estod"
},
"name": "itc-decl-adj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/esto",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Italic pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"this"
],
"id": "en-esto-itc-pro-pron-HreWAkEe",
"links": [
[
"this",
"this"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "esto"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "iste"
},
"expansion": "Latin: iste",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: iste"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spx",
"2": "𐌄𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌔",
"pos1": "nom pl fem."
},
"expansion": "South Picene: 𐌄𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌔 (estas, nom pl fem.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "South Picene: 𐌄𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌔 (estas, nom pl fem.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "𐌄𐌔𐌕𐌖",
"3": "𐌄𐌔𐌕𐌄",
"pos1": "acc sg masc.",
"pos2": "acc sg neut."
},
"expansion": "Umbrian: 𐌄𐌔𐌕𐌖 (estu, acc sg masc.), 𐌄𐌔𐌕𐌄 (este, acc sg neut.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Umbrian: 𐌄𐌔𐌕𐌖 (estu, acc sg masc.), 𐌄𐌔𐌕𐌄 (este, acc sg neut.)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ís",
"4": "*(h₁)es-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)es-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A compound pronoun from Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)es- + *só, with the s-initial forms of the latter element replaced with t-initial forms.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "estā",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "estod",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "irregular",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "itc-decl-pron-to",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "esto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estod",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "este",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "esta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "estod",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "estom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estod",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estosjo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estosjās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estosjo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estōi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estāi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estōi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estōd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estād",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estōd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estāi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "estoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "estās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "estā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "estons",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estans",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estāzōm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "estois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "feminine",
"4": "*estā",
"5": "neuter",
"6": "*estod",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*esto m (feminine *estā, neuter *estod)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "est"
},
"name": "itc-decl-pron-to"
},
{
"args": {
"abl_pl_f": "*estais",
"abl_pl_m": "*estois",
"abl_pl_n": "*estois",
"abl_sg_f": "*estād",
"abl_sg_m": "*estōd",
"abl_sg_n": "*estōd",
"acc_pl_f": "*estans",
"acc_pl_m": "*estons",
"acc_pl_n": "*estā",
"acc_sg_f": "*estam",
"acc_sg_m": "*estom",
"acc_sg_n": "*estod",
"dat_pl_f": "*estais",
"dat_pl_m": "*estois",
"dat_pl_n": "*estois",
"dat_sg_f": "*estāi",
"dat_sg_m": "*estōi",
"dat_sg_n": "*estōi",
"gen_pl_f": "*estāzōm",
"gen_pl_m": "*estom",
"gen_pl_n": "*estom",
"gen_sg_f": "*estosjās",
"gen_sg_m": "*estosjo",
"gen_sg_n": "*estosjo",
"loc_pl_f": "*estais",
"loc_pl_m": "*estois",
"loc_pl_n": "*estois",
"loc_sg_f": "*estāi",
"loc_sg_m": "*estei",
"loc_sg_n": "*estei",
"nom_pl_f": "*estās",
"nom_pl_m": "*estoi",
"nom_pl_n": "*estā",
"nom_sg_f": "*estā",
"nom_sg_m": "*esto",
"nom_sg_n": "*estod",
"type": "irregular pronoun",
"voc_pl_f": "*estās",
"voc_pl_m": "*estoi",
"voc_pl_n": "*estā",
"voc_sg_f": "*esta",
"voc_sg_m": "*este",
"voc_sg_n": "*estod"
},
"name": "itc-decl-adj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/esto",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Italic lemmas",
"Proto-Italic pronouns",
"Proto-Italic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"this"
],
"links": [
[
"this",
"this"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "esto"
}
Download raw JSONL data for esto meaning in Proto-Italic (6.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Italic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.