See miždʰám in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*miẓḍʰám"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *miẓḍʰám",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *miẓḍʰám"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "मीळ्ह",
"3": "मीढ",
"tr": "mīḷhá",
"tr2": "mīḍhá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: मीळ्ह (mīḷhá), मीढ (mīḍhá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: मीळ्ह (mīḷhá), मीढ (mīḍhá)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*miždám"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *miždám",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *miždám"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬨𐬍𐬲𐬛𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬨𐬍𐬲𐬛𐬀 (mīžda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬨𐬍𐬲𐬛𐬀 (mīžda)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "miz"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: miz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: miz"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "мызд"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian: мызд (myzd)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian: мызд (myzd)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫖𐫇𐫋𐫅",
"tr": "mwjd",
"ts": "mužd"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: 𐫖𐫇𐫋𐫅 (mwjd /mužd/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: 𐫖𐫇𐫋𐫅 (mwjd /mužd/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"tr": "*mižda"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: [script needed] (*mižda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: [script needed] (*mižda)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐫖𐫏𐫉𐫅",
"sclb": "1",
"ts": "mizd"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫏𐫉𐫅 (myzd /mizd/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫏𐫉𐫅 (myzd /mizd/)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*meys-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰeh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*misdʰós",
"4": "",
"5": "reward"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *misdʰós (“reward”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*mey-#Root_3",
"3": "*dʰeh₁-",
"4": "*-ós",
"alt1": "*mey-",
"nocat": "1",
"pos3": "deverbal suffix",
"t1": "to exchange (gifts)",
"t2": "to do, put"
},
"expansion": "*mey- (“to exchange (gifts)”) + *dʰeh₁- (“to do, put”) + *-ós (deverbal suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μισθός",
"3": "",
"4": "reward"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek μισθός (misthós, “reward”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*mьzda",
"3": "",
"4": "payment"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *mьzda (“payment”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*mizdō",
"3": "",
"4": "reward"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *mizdō (“reward”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *misdʰós (“reward”), from *mey- (“to exchange (gifts)”) + *dʰeh₁- (“to do, put”) + *-ós (deverbal suffix). Cognate with Ancient Greek μισθός (misthós, “reward”), Proto-Slavic *mьzda (“payment”), Proto-Germanic *mizdō (“reward”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "neuter a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "míždʰam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "míždʰay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "míždʰaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰā́yš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰā́t",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰā́y",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰásya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáyās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰā́naHam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáyaw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáyšu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*miždʰám n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/miždʰám",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reward"
],
"id": "en-miždʰám-iir-pro-noun-dpb~-E8m",
"links": [
[
"reward",
"reward"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "miždʰám"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*miẓḍʰám"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *miẓḍʰám",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *miẓḍʰám"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "मीळ्ह",
"3": "मीढ",
"tr": "mīḷhá",
"tr2": "mīḍhá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: मीळ्ह (mīḷhá), मीढ (mīḍhá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: मीळ्ह (mīḷhá), मीढ (mīḍhá)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*miždám"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *miždám",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *miždám"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬨𐬍𐬲𐬛𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬨𐬍𐬲𐬛𐬀 (mīžda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬨𐬍𐬲𐬛𐬀 (mīžda)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "miz"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: miz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: miz"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "мызд"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian: мызд (myzd)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian: мызд (myzd)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫖𐫇𐫋𐫅",
"tr": "mwjd",
"ts": "mužd"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: 𐫖𐫇𐫋𐫅 (mwjd /mužd/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: 𐫖𐫇𐫋𐫅 (mwjd /mužd/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"tr": "*mižda"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: [script needed] (*mižda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: [script needed] (*mižda)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐫖𐫏𐫉𐫅",
"sclb": "1",
"ts": "mizd"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫏𐫉𐫅 (myzd /mizd/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫏𐫉𐫅 (myzd /mizd/)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*meys-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰeh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*misdʰós",
"4": "",
"5": "reward"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *misdʰós (“reward”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*mey-#Root_3",
"3": "*dʰeh₁-",
"4": "*-ós",
"alt1": "*mey-",
"nocat": "1",
"pos3": "deverbal suffix",
"t1": "to exchange (gifts)",
"t2": "to do, put"
},
"expansion": "*mey- (“to exchange (gifts)”) + *dʰeh₁- (“to do, put”) + *-ós (deverbal suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μισθός",
"3": "",
"4": "reward"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek μισθός (misthós, “reward”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*mьzda",
"3": "",
"4": "payment"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *mьzda (“payment”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*mizdō",
"3": "",
"4": "reward"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *mizdō (“reward”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *misdʰós (“reward”), from *mey- (“to exchange (gifts)”) + *dʰeh₁- (“to do, put”) + *-ós (deverbal suffix). Cognate with Ancient Greek μισθός (misthós, “reward”), Proto-Slavic *mьzda (“payment”), Proto-Germanic *mizdō (“reward”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "neuter a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "míždʰam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "míždʰay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "míždʰaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰā́yš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰā́t",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰā́y",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰásya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáyās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰā́naHam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáyaw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "miždʰáyšu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*miždʰám n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/miždʰám",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European links with manual fragments",
"Proto-Indo-European links with redundant alt parameters",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian neuter nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *meys-",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"reward"
],
"links": [
[
"reward",
"reward"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "miždʰám"
}
Download raw JSONL data for miždʰám meaning in Proto-Indo-Iranian (7.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-Iranian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (a4e883e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.