See gʰáwšas in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for gʰáwšas meaning in Proto-Indo-Iranian (7.3kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*gʰáwṣas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gʰáwṣas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gʰáwṣas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "घोष",
"tr": "ghóṣa"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: घोष (ghóṣa)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: घोष (ghóṣa) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gáwšah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gáwšah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gáwšah"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬔𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬀 (gaoša)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬀 (gaoša)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "گوش",
"tr": "goš"
},
"expansion": "Baluchi: گوش (goš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Baluchi: گوش (goš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hac",
"2": "گۆش",
"tr": "gɔš"
},
"expansion": "Gurani: گۆش (gɔš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurani: گۆش (gɔš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "guh"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: guh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: guh"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "گوێ"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: گوێ (gwê)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: گوێ (gwê)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎥𐎢𐏁𐎠",
"ts": "gauša"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: 𐎥𐎢𐏁𐎠 (g-u-š-a /gauša/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: 𐎥𐎢𐏁𐎠 (g-u-š-a /gauša/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐭢𐭥𐭱",
"ts": "gōš"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: 𐭢𐭥𐭱 (gʿš /gōš/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: 𐭢𐭥𐭱 (gʿš /gōš/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "گوش",
"tr": "gôš"
},
"expansion": "Persian: گوش (gôš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: گوش (gôš)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tg",
"2": "гӯш"
},
"expansion": "Tajik: гӯш (güš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tajik: гӯш (güš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "хъус",
"3": "гъос"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian: хъус (qus), гъос (ǧos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian: хъус (qus), гъос (ǧos)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "goş"
},
"expansion": "Zazaki: goş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zazaki: goş"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "գոյշ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Armenian: գոյշ (goyš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Armenian: գոյշ (goyš)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*g⁽ʷ⁾ʰew-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*g⁽ʷ⁾ʰéwsos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰéwsos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gaumō",
"t": "heed, attention"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gaumō (“heed, attention”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰéwsos, from *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰéwseti (“to hear, listen”), from *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰew- (“to perceive”); probably cognate with Proto-Germanic *gaumō (“heed, attention”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-āsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwša",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-āsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšāns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšaybʰyaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-ābʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšāyš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšaybʰyaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ābʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšaybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšāy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšaybʰyaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ābʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšaybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšayās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšānam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšānaHm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšayaw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšayšu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*gʰáwšas m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/gʰáwšas",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian terms belonging to the root *gʰawš-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"noise, sound"
],
"id": "en-gʰáwšas-iir-pro-noun-p4SD3kTE",
"links": [
[
"noise",
"noise"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gʰáwšas"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*gʰáwṣas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gʰáwṣas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gʰáwṣas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "घोष",
"tr": "ghóṣa"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: घोष (ghóṣa)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: घोष (ghóṣa) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gáwšah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gáwšah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gáwšah"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬔𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬀 (gaoša)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬀 (gaoša)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "گوش",
"tr": "goš"
},
"expansion": "Baluchi: گوش (goš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Baluchi: گوش (goš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hac",
"2": "گۆش",
"tr": "gɔš"
},
"expansion": "Gurani: گۆش (gɔš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurani: گۆش (gɔš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "guh"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: guh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: guh"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "گوێ"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: گوێ (gwê)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: گوێ (gwê)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎥𐎢𐏁𐎠",
"ts": "gauša"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: 𐎥𐎢𐏁𐎠 (g-u-š-a /gauša/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: 𐎥𐎢𐏁𐎠 (g-u-š-a /gauša/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐭢𐭥𐭱",
"ts": "gōš"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: 𐭢𐭥𐭱 (gʿš /gōš/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: 𐭢𐭥𐭱 (gʿš /gōš/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "گوش",
"tr": "gôš"
},
"expansion": "Persian: گوش (gôš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: گوش (gôš)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tg",
"2": "гӯш"
},
"expansion": "Tajik: гӯш (güš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tajik: гӯш (güš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "хъус",
"3": "гъос"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian: хъус (qus), гъос (ǧos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian: хъус (qus), гъос (ǧos)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "goş"
},
"expansion": "Zazaki: goş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zazaki: goş"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "գոյշ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Armenian: գոյշ (goyš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Armenian: գոյշ (goyš)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*g⁽ʷ⁾ʰew-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*g⁽ʷ⁾ʰéwsos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰéwsos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gaumō",
"t": "heed, attention"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gaumō (“heed, attention”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰéwsos, from *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰéwseti (“to hear, listen”), from *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰew- (“to perceive”); probably cognate with Proto-Germanic *gaumō (“heed, attention”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-āsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwša",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-āsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšāns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšaybʰyaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-ābʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšāyš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšaybʰyaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ābʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšaybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšāy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšaybʰyaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ābʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšaybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšayās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšānam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšānaHm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšayaw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšayšu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*gʰáwšas m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/gʰáwšas",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-Iranian a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian masculine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms belonging to the root *gʰawš-",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰew-",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"noise, sound"
],
"links": [
[
"noise",
"noise"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gʰáwšas"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-Iranian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.