See gʰáwšas on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "ghóṣa",
"word": "घोष"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*gʰáwṣas"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "gaoša",
"word": "𐬔𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬀"
},
{
"lang": "Baluchi",
"lang_code": "bal",
"roman": "goš",
"word": "گوش"
},
{
"lang": "Gurani",
"lang_code": "hac",
"roman": "gɔš",
"word": "گۆش"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"word": "guh"
},
{
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ckb",
"roman": "gwê",
"word": "گوێ"
}
],
"lang": "Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ku"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "gôš",
"word": "گوش"
},
{
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "güš",
"word": "гӯш"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal",
"roman": "gʿš",
"word": "𐭢𐭥𐭱"
}
],
"lang": "Old Persian",
"lang_code": "peo",
"roman": "g-u-š-a",
"word": "𐎥𐎢𐏁𐎠"
},
{
"lang": "Ossetian",
"lang_code": "os",
"roman": "qus",
"word": "хъус"
},
{
"lang": "Ossetian",
"lang_code": "os",
"roman": "ǧos",
"word": "гъос"
},
{
"lang": "Zazaki",
"lang_code": "zza",
"word": "goş"
},
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "goyš",
"word": "գոյշ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*gáwšah"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*g⁽ʷ⁾ʰew-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*g⁽ʷ⁾ʰéwsos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰéwsos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gaumō",
"t": "heed, attention"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gaumō (“heed, attention”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰéwsos, from *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰéwseti (“to hear, listen”), from *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰew- (“to perceive”); probably cognate with Proto-Germanic *gaumō (“heed, attention”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšāw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšāsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwša",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšāw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšāsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšāw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšāns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšaybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšaybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšāyš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšaybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšaybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšaybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšāy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšaybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšaybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšaybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšayās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšānaHam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšayaw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšayšu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*gʰáwšas m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/gʰáwšas",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian terms belonging to the root *gʰawš-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"noise, sound"
],
"id": "en-gʰáwšas-iir-pro-noun-p4SD3kTE",
"links": [
[
"noise",
"noise"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gʰáwšas"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "ghóṣa",
"word": "घोष"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*gʰáwṣas"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "gaoša",
"word": "𐬔𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬀"
},
{
"lang": "Baluchi",
"lang_code": "bal",
"roman": "goš",
"word": "گوش"
},
{
"lang": "Gurani",
"lang_code": "hac",
"roman": "gɔš",
"word": "گۆش"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"word": "guh"
},
{
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ckb",
"roman": "gwê",
"word": "گوێ"
}
],
"lang": "Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ku"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "gôš",
"word": "گوش"
},
{
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "güš",
"word": "гӯш"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal",
"roman": "gʿš",
"word": "𐭢𐭥𐭱"
}
],
"lang": "Old Persian",
"lang_code": "peo",
"roman": "g-u-š-a",
"word": "𐎥𐎢𐏁𐎠"
},
{
"lang": "Ossetian",
"lang_code": "os",
"roman": "qus",
"word": "хъус"
},
{
"lang": "Ossetian",
"lang_code": "os",
"roman": "ǧos",
"word": "гъос"
},
{
"lang": "Zazaki",
"lang_code": "zza",
"word": "goş"
},
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "goyš",
"word": "գոյշ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*gáwšah"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*g⁽ʷ⁾ʰew-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*g⁽ʷ⁾ʰéwsos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰéwsos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gaumō",
"t": "heed, attention"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gaumō (“heed, attention”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰéwsos, from *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰéwseti (“to hear, listen”), from *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰew- (“to perceive”); probably cognate with Proto-Germanic *gaumō (“heed, attention”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšāw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšāsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwša",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšāw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšāsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšāw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšāns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšaybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšaybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšāyš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšaybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšaybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšaybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšāy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšaybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšaybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšaybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšayās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšānaHam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšayaw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰáwšayšu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*gʰáwšas m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/gʰáwšas",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian masculine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms belonging to the root *gʰawš-",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰew-",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"noise, sound"
],
"links": [
[
"noise",
"noise"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gʰáwšas"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gʰáwšas meaning in All languages combined (6.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.