See Hárdʰas in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for Hárdʰas meaning in Proto-Indo-Iranian (6.9kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*Hárdʰas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hárdʰas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hárdʰas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अर्ध",
"tr": "árdha"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: अर्ध (árdha)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: अर्ध (árdha) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*Hárdah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *Hárdah",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *Hárdah (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fpr-pro",
"2": "*ertä",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Finno-Permic: *ertä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Finno-Permic: *ertä"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*earttē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samic: *earttē",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Samic: *earttē (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "udm",
"2": "урд"
},
"expansion": "Udmurt: урд (urd)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Udmurt: урд (urd)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*h₁érdʰ-o-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁érdʰ-o-s",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₁erdʰe",
"3": "*os",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "separately, apart"
},
"expansion": "*h₁erdʰe (“separately, apart”) + *-os",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₁er-",
"3": "*dʰe",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "locative particle",
"t1": "separately"
},
"expansion": "*h₁er- (“separately”) + *dʰe (locative particle)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ardýti",
"t": "to pull down, destroy"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian ardýti (“to pull down, destroy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*orz-",
"t": "dis-, un-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *orz- (“dis-, un-”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₁érdʰ-o-s, from *h₁erdʰe (“separately, apart”) + *-os, from *h₁er- (“separately”) + *dʰe (locative particle). Cognate with Lithuanian ardýti (“to pull down, destroy”) and erdvas (“wide, spacious”), as well as perhaps Proto-Slavic *orz- (“dis-, un-”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-āsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-āsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰāns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "HárdʰaybʰyaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-ābʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰāyš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "HárdʰaybʰyaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ābʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰaybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰāy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "HárdʰaybʰyaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ābʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰaybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰayās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰānam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "HárdʰānaHm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰayaw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰayšu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*Hárdʰas m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/Hárdʰas",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"division, half"
],
"id": "en-Hárdʰas-iir-pro-noun-d2BaCUAX",
"links": [
[
"division",
"division"
],
[
"half",
"half"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "ardhá",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hardʰás",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"word": "अर्ध"
},
{
"roman": "arəδah",
"sense": "Proto-Iranian: *Hardʰáh; Younger Avestan",
"word": "𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀𐬵"
},
{
"english": "separately",
"roman": "ṛ́dhak",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hŕ̥dʰak",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit",
"adverb"
],
"word": "ऋधक्"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*Hárdʰakš ~ *Hr̥dʰakás",
"word": "Hárdaxš"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "Hárdʰas"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*Hárdʰas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hárdʰas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hárdʰas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अर्ध",
"tr": "árdha"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: अर्ध (árdha)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: अर्ध (árdha) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*Hárdah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *Hárdah",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *Hárdah (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fpr-pro",
"2": "*ertä",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Finno-Permic: *ertä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Finno-Permic: *ertä"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*earttē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samic: *earttē",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Samic: *earttē (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "udm",
"2": "урд"
},
"expansion": "Udmurt: урд (urd)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Udmurt: урд (urd)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*h₁érdʰ-o-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁érdʰ-o-s",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₁erdʰe",
"3": "*os",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "separately, apart"
},
"expansion": "*h₁erdʰe (“separately, apart”) + *-os",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₁er-",
"3": "*dʰe",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "locative particle",
"t1": "separately"
},
"expansion": "*h₁er- (“separately”) + *dʰe (locative particle)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ardýti",
"t": "to pull down, destroy"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian ardýti (“to pull down, destroy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*orz-",
"t": "dis-, un-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *orz- (“dis-, un-”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₁érdʰ-o-s, from *h₁erdʰe (“separately, apart”) + *-os, from *h₁er- (“separately”) + *dʰe (locative particle). Cognate with Lithuanian ardýti (“to pull down, destroy”) and erdvas (“wide, spacious”), as well as perhaps Proto-Slavic *orz- (“dis-, un-”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-āsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-āsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰāns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "HárdʰaybʰyaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-ābʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰāyš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "HárdʰaybʰyaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ābʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰaybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰāy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "HárdʰaybʰyaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ābʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰaybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰayās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰānam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "HárdʰānaHm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰayaw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "Hárdʰayšu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*Hárdʰas m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/Hárdʰas",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "ardhá",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hardʰás",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"word": "अर्ध"
},
{
"roman": "arəδah",
"sense": "Proto-Iranian: *Hardʰáh; Younger Avestan",
"word": "𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀𐬵"
},
{
"english": "separately",
"roman": "ṛ́dhak",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hŕ̥dʰak",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit",
"adverb"
],
"word": "ऋधक्"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*Hárdʰakš ~ *Hr̥dʰakás",
"word": "Hárdaxš"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-Iranian a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian masculine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
"Undetermined terms with quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"division, half"
],
"links": [
[
"division",
"division"
],
[
"half",
"half"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "Hárdʰas"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-Iranian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.