"yós" meaning in Proto-Indo-European

See yós in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Pronoun

Etymology: Thematisation of *(H)ís. Etymology templates: {{etymon|ine-pro|*ís>demonstrative|id=that}} Head templates: {{head|ine-pro|pronoun|head2=*Hyós}} *yós or *Hyós Inflection templates: {{ine-decl-pron|yó}} Forms: yós [canonical], Hyós [canonical], no-table-tags [table-tags], yós [nominative, singular], yóh₁ [dual, nominative], yóy [nominative, plural], yóm [accusative, singular], yóh₁ [accusative, dual], yóms [accusative, plural], yósyo [genitive, singular], - [dual, genitive], yóysoHom [genitive, plural], yósmead [ablative, singular], - [ablative, dual], yóymos [ablative, plural], yóybʰos [ablative, plural], yósmey [dative, singular], - [dative, dual], yóymos [dative, plural], yóybʰos [dative, plural], yósmi [locative, singular], - [dual, locative], yóysu [locative, plural], yónoh₁ [instrumental, singular], - [dual, instrumental], yṓys [instrumental, plural], yéh₂ [nominative, singular], - [dual, nominative], yéh₂es [nominative, plural], yā́m [accusative, singular], - [accusative, dual], yéh₂m̥s [accusative, plural], yósyeh₂s [genitive, singular], yéh₂soHom [genitive, plural], yósyeh₂s [ablative, singular], yéh₂mos [ablative, plural], yéh₂bʰos [ablative, plural], yósyeh₂ey [dative, singular], yéh₂mos [dative, plural], yéh₂bʰos [dative, plural], yósyeh₂ [locative, singular], yéh₂su [locative, plural], yéh₂h₁ [instrumental, singular], yéh₂eh₁ [instrumental, singular], yéh₂mis [instrumental, plural], yéh₂bʰis [instrumental, plural], yód [nominative, singular], yóy [dual, nominative], yéh₂ [nominative, plural], yód [accusative, singular], yóy [accusative, dual], yéh₂ [accusative, plural]
  1. that, who, which (relative) Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-yós-ine-pro-pron-1kylqKxu Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Indo-European pronouns Derived forms: Unsorted formations, यदि (yádi) [Sanskrit] Derived forms (*(H)yó-th₂): ⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HyátʰaH (english: see there for further descendants) Derived forms (*(H)yótro): Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HyátraProto-Indo-Aryan: *HyátraVedic Sanskrit: यत्राSanskrit: यत्रPali: yatraProto-Iranian: *HyátraOld Avestan: 𐬫𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬁Younger Avestan: 𐬫𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬀 (yaθra) (english: with word-final lengthening) Derived forms (Hellenic): ὡς ὅστις (hóstis) [Ancient-Greek], ἡλίκος (hēlíkos) [Ancient-Greek], ἡνίκα (hēníka) [Ancient-Greek], ἦμος (êmos) [Ancient-Greek] Derived forms (Proto-Hellenic): ὄτερος (óteros) [Ancient-Greek, Cretan], ἧος (hêos) [Ancient-Greek], ἕως (héōs) [Ancient-Greek], ὅτα (hóta) (english: when) [Aeolic, Greek] Derived forms (Proto-Hellenic: *yóihos): οἷος (hoîos) [Ancient-Greek] Derived forms (Proto-Hellenic: *yótsos): ὅσος (hósos) [Ancient-Greek] Derived forms (Proto-Indo-Aryan): यतर (yatará) [Sanskrit], यति (yáti) [Sanskrit], यावत् (yā́vat) [Sanskrit] Derived forms (Proto-Iranian; Younger Avestan): 𐬫𐬀𐬙𐬁𐬭𐬀 (yatāra), 𐬫𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (yeiti) Derived forms (Proto-Slavic: *eterъ (or from *(h₁)é-tero-s); Old Church Slavonic): етеръ (eterŭ) (english: some, someone)
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-bsl-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sla-pro",
            "2": "*jь"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *jь",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "partially"
          },
          "expansion": "(partially)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Slavic: *jь (partially) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*yos",
            "3": "*yo"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *yos, *yo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *yos, *yo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Celtiberian: ios"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-gau",
            "2": "-ío"
          },
          "expansion": "Gaulish: -ío",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gaulish: -ío"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-pro",
            "2": "ᛁᚨᛊ",
            "3": "ᛁᚨᛉ"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Norse: ᛁᚨᛊ (ias), ᛁᚨᛉ (iaʀ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Norse: ᛁᚨᛊ (ias), ᛁᚨᛉ (iaʀ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro",
            "2": "*yós"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *yós\nAncient Greek: ὅς (hós)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic: *yós\nAncient Greek: ὅς (hós)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*Hyás"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyás",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyás (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "iam"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: iam",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: iam (< *jā́m)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xpg",
            "2": "ιος",
            "ts": "jos"
          },
          "expansion": "Phrygian: ιος (ios /⁠jos⁠/)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Phrygian: ιος (ios /⁠jos⁠/)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ís>demonstrative",
        "id": "that"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Thematisation of *(H)ís.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "yós",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Hyós",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ine-decl-pron",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yós",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yóh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yóy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yóm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yóh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yóms",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yósyo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yóysoHom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yósmead",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yóymos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yóybʰos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yósmey",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yóymos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yóybʰos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yósmi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yóysu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yónoh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yṓys",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yéh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yéh₂es",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yā́m",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yéh₂m̥s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yósyeh₂s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yéh₂soHom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yósyeh₂s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yéh₂mos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yéh₂bʰos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yósyeh₂ey",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yéh₂mos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yéh₂bʰos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yósyeh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yéh₂su",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yéh₂h₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yéh₂eh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yéh₂mis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yéh₂bʰis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yód",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yóy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yéh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yód",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yóy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yéh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "pronoun",
        "head2": "*Hyós"
      },
      "expansion": "*yós or *Hyós",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yó"
      },
      "name": "ine-decl-pron"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/yós",
  "pos": "pron",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "hoîos",
          "sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *yóihos",
          "tags": [
            "Ancient-Greek"
          ],
          "word": "οἷος"
        },
        {
          "english": "some, someone",
          "roman": "eterŭ",
          "sense": "Proto-Slavic: *eterъ (or from *(h₁)é-tero-s); Old Church Slavonic",
          "word": "етеръ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "óteros",
          "sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
          "tags": [
            "Ancient-Greek",
            "Cretan"
          ],
          "word": "ὄτερος"
        },
        {
          "roman": "hêos",
          "sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
          "tags": [
            "Ancient-Greek"
          ],
          "word": "ἧος"
        },
        {
          "roman": "héōs",
          "sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
          "tags": [
            "Ancient-Greek"
          ],
          "word": "ἕως"
        },
        {
          "english": "when",
          "roman": "hóta",
          "sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
          "tags": [
            "Aeolic",
            "Greek"
          ],
          "word": "ὅτα"
        },
        {
          "roman": "yatará",
          "sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
          "tags": [
            "Sanskrit"
          ],
          "word": "यतर"
        },
        {
          "roman": "yáti",
          "sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
          "tags": [
            "Sanskrit"
          ],
          "word": "यति"
        },
        {
          "roman": "yā́vat",
          "sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
          "tags": [
            "Sanskrit"
          ],
          "word": "यावत्"
        },
        {
          "roman": "yatāra",
          "sense": "Proto-Iranian; Younger Avestan",
          "word": "𐬫𐬀𐬙𐬁𐬭𐬀"
        },
        {
          "roman": "yeiti",
          "sense": "Proto-Iranian; Younger Avestan",
          "word": "𐬫𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "hósos",
          "sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *yótsos",
          "tags": [
            "Ancient-Greek"
          ],
          "word": "ὅσος"
        },
        {
          "english": "with word-final lengthening",
          "roman": "yaθra",
          "sense": "*(H)yótro",
          "word": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HyátraProto-Indo-Aryan: *HyátraVedic Sanskrit: यत्राSanskrit: यत्रPali: yatraProto-Iranian: *HyátraOld Avestan: 𐬫𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬁Younger Avestan: 𐬫𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬀"
        },
        {
          "english": "see there for further descendants",
          "sense": "*(H)yó-th₂",
          "word": "⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HyátʰaH"
        },
        {
          "word": "Unsorted formations"
        },
        {
          "roman": "yádi",
          "tags": [
            "Sanskrit"
          ],
          "word": "यदि"
        },
        {
          "roman": "hóstis",
          "sense": "Hellenic",
          "tags": [
            "Ancient-Greek"
          ],
          "word": "ὡς ὅστις"
        },
        {
          "roman": "hēlíkos",
          "sense": "Hellenic",
          "tags": [
            "Ancient-Greek"
          ],
          "word": "ἡλίκος"
        },
        {
          "roman": "hēníka",
          "sense": "Hellenic",
          "tags": [
            "Ancient-Greek"
          ],
          "word": "ἡνίκα"
        },
        {
          "roman": "êmos",
          "sense": "Hellenic",
          "tags": [
            "Ancient-Greek"
          ],
          "word": "ἦμος"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "that, who, which (relative)"
      ],
      "id": "en-yós-ine-pro-pron-1kylqKxu",
      "links": [
        [
          "that",
          "that"
        ],
        [
          "who",
          "who"
        ],
        [
          "which",
          "which"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "yós"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "hoîos",
      "sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *yóihos",
      "tags": [
        "Ancient-Greek"
      ],
      "word": "οἷος"
    },
    {
      "english": "some, someone",
      "roman": "eterŭ",
      "sense": "Proto-Slavic: *eterъ (or from *(h₁)é-tero-s); Old Church Slavonic",
      "word": "етеръ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "óteros",
      "sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
      "tags": [
        "Ancient-Greek",
        "Cretan"
      ],
      "word": "ὄτερος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yatará",
      "sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
      "tags": [
        "Sanskrit"
      ],
      "word": "यतर"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yatāra",
      "sense": "Proto-Iranian; Younger Avestan",
      "word": "𐬫𐬀𐬙𐬁𐬭𐬀"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yáti",
      "sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
      "tags": [
        "Sanskrit"
      ],
      "word": "यति"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yeiti",
      "sense": "Proto-Iranian; Younger Avestan",
      "word": "𐬫𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "hósos",
      "sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *yótsos",
      "tags": [
        "Ancient-Greek"
      ],
      "word": "ὅσος"
    },
    {
      "english": "with word-final lengthening",
      "roman": "yaθra",
      "sense": "*(H)yótro",
      "word": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HyátraProto-Indo-Aryan: *HyátraVedic Sanskrit: यत्राSanskrit: यत्रPali: yatraProto-Iranian: *HyátraOld Avestan: 𐬫𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬁Younger Avestan: 𐬫𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬀"
    },
    {
      "roman": "hêos",
      "sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
      "tags": [
        "Ancient-Greek"
      ],
      "word": "ἧος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "héōs",
      "sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
      "tags": [
        "Ancient-Greek"
      ],
      "word": "ἕως"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yā́vat",
      "sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
      "tags": [
        "Sanskrit"
      ],
      "word": "यावत्"
    },
    {
      "english": "when",
      "roman": "hóta",
      "sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
      "tags": [
        "Aeolic",
        "Greek"
      ],
      "word": "ὅτα"
    },
    {
      "english": "see there for further descendants",
      "sense": "*(H)yó-th₂",
      "word": "⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HyátʰaH"
    },
    {
      "word": "Unsorted formations"
    },
    {
      "roman": "hóstis",
      "sense": "Hellenic",
      "tags": [
        "Ancient-Greek"
      ],
      "word": "ὡς ὅστις"
    },
    {
      "roman": "hēlíkos",
      "sense": "Hellenic",
      "tags": [
        "Ancient-Greek"
      ],
      "word": "ἡλίκος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "hēníka",
      "sense": "Hellenic",
      "tags": [
        "Ancient-Greek"
      ],
      "word": "ἡνίκα"
    },
    {
      "roman": "êmos",
      "sense": "Hellenic",
      "tags": [
        "Ancient-Greek"
      ],
      "word": "ἦμος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yádi",
      "tags": [
        "Sanskrit"
      ],
      "word": "यदि"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-bsl-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sla-pro",
            "2": "*jь"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *jь",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "partially"
          },
          "expansion": "(partially)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Slavic: *jь (partially) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*yos",
            "3": "*yo"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *yos, *yo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *yos, *yo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Celtiberian: ios"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-gau",
            "2": "-ío"
          },
          "expansion": "Gaulish: -ío",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gaulish: -ío"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-pro",
            "2": "ᛁᚨᛊ",
            "3": "ᛁᚨᛉ"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Norse: ᛁᚨᛊ (ias), ᛁᚨᛉ (iaʀ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Norse: ᛁᚨᛊ (ias), ᛁᚨᛉ (iaʀ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro",
            "2": "*yós"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *yós\nAncient Greek: ὅς (hós)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic: *yós\nAncient Greek: ὅς (hós)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*Hyás"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyás",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyás (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "iam"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: iam",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: iam (< *jā́m)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xpg",
            "2": "ιος",
            "ts": "jos"
          },
          "expansion": "Phrygian: ιος (ios /⁠jos⁠/)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Phrygian: ιος (ios /⁠jos⁠/)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ís>demonstrative",
        "id": "that"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Thematisation of *(H)ís.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "yós",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Hyós",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ine-decl-pron",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yós",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yóh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yóy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yóm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yóh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yóms",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yósyo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yóysoHom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yósmead",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yóymos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yóybʰos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yósmey",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yóymos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yóybʰos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yósmi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yóysu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yónoh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yṓys",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yéh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yéh₂es",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yā́m",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yéh₂m̥s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yósyeh₂s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yéh₂soHom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yósyeh₂s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yéh₂mos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yéh₂bʰos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yósyeh₂ey",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yéh₂mos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yéh₂bʰos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yósyeh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yéh₂su",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yéh₂h₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yéh₂eh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yéh₂mis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yéh₂bʰis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yód",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yóy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yéh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yód",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yóy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yéh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "pronoun",
        "head2": "*Hyós"
      },
      "expansion": "*yós or *Hyós",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yó"
      },
      "name": "ine-decl-pron"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/yós",
  "pos": "pron",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
        "Proto-Indo-European pronouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "that, who, which (relative)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "that",
          "that"
        ],
        [
          "who",
          "who"
        ],
        [
          "which",
          "which"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "yós"
}

Download raw JSONL data for yós meaning in Proto-Indo-European (9.1kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (c3cc510 and 1d3fdbf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.