See yós in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for yós meaning in Proto-Indo-European (7.5kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*jь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *jь",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "partially"
},
"expansion": "(partially)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *jь (partially) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*yos",
"3": "*yo"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *yos, *yo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *yos, *yo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Celtiberian: ios"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "-ío"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: -ío",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: -ío"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*yós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *yós\nAncient Greek: ὅς (hós)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *yós\nAncient Greek: ὅς (hós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Hyás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyás",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyás (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "iam"
},
"expansion": "Latin: iam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: iam (< *jā́m)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpg",
"2": "ιος",
"ts": "jos"
},
"expansion": "Phrygian: ιος (ios /jos/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Phrygian: ιος (ios /jos/)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ja"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *ja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *ja"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὡς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ὡς (hōs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ὡς (hōs) ὅστις (hóstis), ἡλίκος (hēlíkos), ἡνίκα (hēníka), ἦμος (êmos)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Thematisation of *ís.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "yós",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Hyós",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-pron",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "yós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yóh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "yóy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "yóm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yóh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "yóms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "yósyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "yóysoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "yósmead",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "yóymos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "yósmey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "yóymos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "yósmi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "yóysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "yónoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "yṓys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "yéh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "yéh₂es",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "yā́m",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "yéh₂m̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "yósyeh₂s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yéh₂soHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "yósyeh₂s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yéh₂mos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "yósyeh₂ey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yéh₂mos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "yósyeh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yéh₂su",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "yéh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yéh₂eh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yéh₂mis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "yód",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yóy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "yéh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "yód",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yóy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "yéh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "pronoun",
"head2": "*Hyós"
},
"expansion": "*yós or *Hyós",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yó"
},
"name": "ine-decl-pron"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/yós",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "hoîos",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *yóihos",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "οἷος"
},
{
"roman": "hósos",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *yótsos",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "ὅσος"
},
{
"roman": "yaθra",
"sense": "*Hyótro",
"word": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HyátraProto-Indo-Aryan: *Hyátra(H)Vedic Sanskrit: यत्राSanskrit: यत्रPali: yatraProto-Iranian: *Hyátra(H)Old Avestan: 𐬫𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬁Younger Avestan: 𐬫𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬀"
},
{
"roman": "hêos",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "ἧος"
},
{
"roman": "héōs",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "ἕως"
},
{
"roman": "yāvat",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"word": "यावत्"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Unsorted formations",
"word": "HyátʰaH"
}
],
"glosses": [
"that, who, which (relative)"
],
"id": "en-yós-ine-pro-pron-1kylqKxu",
"links": [
[
"that",
"that"
],
[
"who",
"who"
],
[
"which",
"which"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "yós"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "hoîos",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *yóihos",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "οἷος"
},
{
"roman": "hósos",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *yótsos",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "ὅσος"
},
{
"roman": "yaθra",
"sense": "*Hyótro",
"word": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HyátraProto-Indo-Aryan: *Hyátra(H)Vedic Sanskrit: यत्राSanskrit: यत्रPali: yatraProto-Iranian: *Hyátra(H)Old Avestan: 𐬫𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬁Younger Avestan: 𐬫𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬀"
},
{
"roman": "hêos",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "ἧος"
},
{
"roman": "héōs",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "ἕως"
},
{
"roman": "yāvat",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"word": "यावत्"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Unsorted formations",
"word": "HyátʰaH"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*jь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *jь",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "partially"
},
"expansion": "(partially)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *jь (partially) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*yos",
"3": "*yo"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *yos, *yo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *yos, *yo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Celtiberian: ios"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "-ío"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: -ío",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: -ío"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*yós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *yós\nAncient Greek: ὅς (hós)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *yós\nAncient Greek: ὅς (hós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Hyás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyás",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyás (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "iam"
},
"expansion": "Latin: iam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: iam (< *jā́m)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpg",
"2": "ιος",
"ts": "jos"
},
"expansion": "Phrygian: ιος (ios /jos/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Phrygian: ιος (ios /jos/)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ja"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *ja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *ja"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὡς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ὡς (hōs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ὡς (hōs) ὅστις (hóstis), ἡλίκος (hēlíkos), ἡνίκα (hēníka), ἦμος (êmos)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Thematisation of *ís.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "yós",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Hyós",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-pron",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "yós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yóh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "yóy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "yóm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yóh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "yóms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "yósyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "yóysoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "yósmead",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "yóymos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "yósmey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "yóymos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "yósmi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "yóysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "yónoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "yṓys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "yéh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "yéh₂es",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "yā́m",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "yéh₂m̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "yósyeh₂s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yéh₂soHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "yósyeh₂s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yéh₂mos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "yósyeh₂ey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yéh₂mos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "yósyeh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yéh₂su",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "yéh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yéh₂eh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yéh₂mis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "yód",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yóy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "yéh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "yód",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yóy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "yéh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "pronoun",
"head2": "*Hyós"
},
"expansion": "*yós or *Hyós",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yó"
},
"name": "ine-decl-pron"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/yós",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European pronouns"
],
"glosses": [
"that, who, which (relative)"
],
"links": [
[
"that",
"that"
],
[
"who",
"who"
],
[
"which",
"which"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "yós"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (1b9bfc5 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.