See yós in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ine-bsl-pro" }, "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sla-pro", "2": "*jь" }, "expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *jь", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "partially" }, "expansion": "(partially)", "name": "i" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)", "name": "see desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Slavic: *jь (partially) (see there for further descendants)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cel-pro", "2": "*yos", "3": "*yo" }, "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *yos, *yo", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Celtic: *yos, *yo" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [], "text": "Celtiberian: ios" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cel-gau", "2": "-ío" }, "expansion": "Gaulish: -ío", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Gaulish: -ío" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gem-pro" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic:", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Germanic:" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gmq-pro", "2": "ᛁᚨᛊ", "3": "ᛁᚨᛉ" }, "expansion": "Proto-Norse: ᛁᚨᛊ (ias), ᛁᚨᛉ (iaʀ)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Norse: ᛁᚨᛊ (ias), ᛁᚨᛉ (iaʀ)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "grk-pro", "2": "*yós" }, "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *yós\nAncient Greek: ὅς (hós)", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Proto-Hellenic: *yós\nAncient Greek: ὅς (hós)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "iir-pro", "2": "*Hyás" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyás", "name": "desc" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)", "name": "see desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyás (see there for further descendants)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "itc-pro" }, "expansion": "Proto-Italic:", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Italic:" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "iam" }, "expansion": "Latin: iam", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Latin: iam (< *jā́m)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "xpg", "2": "ιος", "ts": "jos" }, "expansion": "Phrygian: ιος (ios /jos/)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Phrygian: ιος (ios /jos/)" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ine-pro", "2": "*ís>demonstrative", "id": "that" }, "expansion": "", "name": "etymon" } ], "etymology_text": "Thematisation of *(H)ís.", "forms": [ { "form": "yós", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "Hyós", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "ine-decl-pron", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "yós", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "yóh₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative" ] }, { "form": "yóy", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yóm", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "yóh₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "yóms", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yósyo", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "genitive" ] }, { "form": "yóysoHom", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yósmead", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "yóymos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yóybʰos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yósmey", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "yóymos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yóybʰos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yósmi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "locative" ] }, { "form": "yóysu", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yónoh₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "instrumental" ] }, { "form": "yṓys", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yéh₂", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative" ] }, { "form": "yéh₂es", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yā́m", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "yéh₂m̥s", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yósyeh₂s", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "yéh₂soHom", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yósyeh₂s", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "yéh₂mos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yéh₂bʰos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yósyeh₂ey", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "yéh₂mos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yéh₂bʰos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yósyeh₂", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "yéh₂su", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yéh₂h₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "yéh₂eh₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "yéh₂mis", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yéh₂bʰis", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yód", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "yóy", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative" ] }, { "form": "yéh₂", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yód", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "yóy", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "yéh₂", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ine-pro", "2": "pronoun", "head2": "*Hyós" }, "expansion": "*yós or *Hyós", "name": "head" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "yó" }, "name": "ine-decl-pron" } ], "lang": "Proto-Indo-European", "lang_code": "ine-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/yós", "pos": "pron", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Proto-Indo-European pronouns", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "derived": [ { "roman": "hoîos", "sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *yóihos", "tags": [ "Ancient-Greek" ], "word": "οἷος" }, { "english": "some, someone", "roman": "eterŭ", "sense": "Proto-Slavic: *eterъ (or from *(h₁)é-tero-s); Old Church Slavonic", "word": "етеръ" }, { "roman": "óteros", "sense": "Proto-Hellenic", "tags": [ "Ancient-Greek", "Cretan" ], "word": "ὄτερος" }, { "roman": "hêos", "sense": "Proto-Hellenic", "tags": [ "Ancient-Greek" ], "word": "ἧος" }, { "roman": "héōs", "sense": "Proto-Hellenic", "tags": [ "Ancient-Greek" ], "word": "ἕως" }, { "english": "when", "roman": "hóta", "sense": "Proto-Hellenic", "tags": [ "Aeolic", "Greek" ], "word": "ὅτα" }, { "roman": "yatará", "sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan", "tags": [ "Sanskrit" ], "word": "यतर" }, { "roman": "yáti", "sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan", "tags": [ "Sanskrit" ], "word": "यति" }, { "roman": "yā́vat", "sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan", "tags": [ "Sanskrit" ], "word": "यावत्" }, { "roman": "yatāra", "sense": "Proto-Iranian; Younger Avestan", "word": "𐬫𐬀𐬙𐬁𐬭𐬀" }, { "roman": "yeiti", "sense": "Proto-Iranian; Younger Avestan", "word": "𐬫𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌" }, { "roman": "hósos", "sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *yótsos", "tags": [ "Ancient-Greek" ], "word": "ὅσος" }, { "english": "with word-final lengthening", "roman": "yaθra", "sense": "*(H)yótro", "word": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HyátraProto-Indo-Aryan: *HyátraVedic Sanskrit: यत्राSanskrit: यत्रPali: yatraProto-Iranian: *HyátraOld Avestan: 𐬫𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬁Younger Avestan: 𐬫𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬀" }, { "english": "see there for further descendants", "sense": "*(H)yó-th₂", "word": "⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HyátʰaH" }, { "word": "Unsorted formations" }, { "roman": "yádi", "tags": [ "Sanskrit" ], "word": "यदि" }, { "roman": "hóstis", "sense": "Hellenic", "tags": [ "Ancient-Greek" ], "word": "ὡς ὅστις" }, { "roman": "hēlíkos", "sense": "Hellenic", "tags": [ "Ancient-Greek" ], "word": "ἡλίκος" }, { "roman": "hēníka", "sense": "Hellenic", "tags": [ "Ancient-Greek" ], "word": "ἡνίκα" }, { "roman": "êmos", "sense": "Hellenic", "tags": [ "Ancient-Greek" ], "word": "ἦμος" } ], "glosses": [ "that, who, which (relative)" ], "id": "en-yós-ine-pro-pron-1kylqKxu", "links": [ [ "that", "that" ], [ "who", "who" ], [ "which", "which" ] ], "tags": [ "reconstruction" ] } ], "word": "yós" }
{ "derived": [ { "roman": "hoîos", "sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *yóihos", "tags": [ "Ancient-Greek" ], "word": "οἷος" }, { "english": "some, someone", "roman": "eterŭ", "sense": "Proto-Slavic: *eterъ (or from *(h₁)é-tero-s); Old Church Slavonic", "word": "етеръ" }, { "roman": "óteros", "sense": "Proto-Hellenic", "tags": [ "Ancient-Greek", "Cretan" ], "word": "ὄτερος" }, { "roman": "yatará", "sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan", "tags": [ "Sanskrit" ], "word": "यतर" }, { "roman": "yatāra", "sense": "Proto-Iranian; Younger Avestan", "word": "𐬫𐬀𐬙𐬁𐬭𐬀" }, { "roman": "yáti", "sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan", "tags": [ "Sanskrit" ], "word": "यति" }, { "roman": "yeiti", "sense": "Proto-Iranian; Younger Avestan", "word": "𐬫𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌" }, { "roman": "hósos", "sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *yótsos", "tags": [ "Ancient-Greek" ], "word": "ὅσος" }, { "english": "with word-final lengthening", "roman": "yaθra", "sense": "*(H)yótro", "word": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HyátraProto-Indo-Aryan: *HyátraVedic Sanskrit: यत्राSanskrit: यत्रPali: yatraProto-Iranian: *HyátraOld Avestan: 𐬫𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬁Younger Avestan: 𐬫𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬀" }, { "roman": "hêos", "sense": "Proto-Hellenic", "tags": [ "Ancient-Greek" ], "word": "ἧος" }, { "roman": "héōs", "sense": "Proto-Hellenic", "tags": [ "Ancient-Greek" ], "word": "ἕως" }, { "roman": "yā́vat", "sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan", "tags": [ "Sanskrit" ], "word": "यावत्" }, { "english": "when", "roman": "hóta", "sense": "Proto-Hellenic", "tags": [ "Aeolic", "Greek" ], "word": "ὅτα" }, { "english": "see there for further descendants", "sense": "*(H)yó-th₂", "word": "⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HyátʰaH" }, { "word": "Unsorted formations" }, { "roman": "hóstis", "sense": "Hellenic", "tags": [ "Ancient-Greek" ], "word": "ὡς ὅστις" }, { "roman": "hēlíkos", "sense": "Hellenic", "tags": [ "Ancient-Greek" ], "word": "ἡλίκος" }, { "roman": "hēníka", "sense": "Hellenic", "tags": [ "Ancient-Greek" ], "word": "ἡνίκα" }, { "roman": "êmos", "sense": "Hellenic", "tags": [ "Ancient-Greek" ], "word": "ἦμος" }, { "roman": "yádi", "tags": [ "Sanskrit" ], "word": "यदि" } ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ine-bsl-pro" }, "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sla-pro", "2": "*jь" }, "expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *jь", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "partially" }, "expansion": "(partially)", "name": "i" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)", "name": "see desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Slavic: *jь (partially) (see there for further descendants)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cel-pro", "2": "*yos", "3": "*yo" }, "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *yos, *yo", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Celtic: *yos, *yo" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [], "text": "Celtiberian: ios" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cel-gau", "2": "-ío" }, "expansion": "Gaulish: -ío", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Gaulish: -ío" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gem-pro" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic:", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Germanic:" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gmq-pro", "2": "ᛁᚨᛊ", "3": "ᛁᚨᛉ" }, "expansion": "Proto-Norse: ᛁᚨᛊ (ias), ᛁᚨᛉ (iaʀ)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Norse: ᛁᚨᛊ (ias), ᛁᚨᛉ (iaʀ)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "grk-pro", "2": "*yós" }, "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *yós\nAncient Greek: ὅς (hós)", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Proto-Hellenic: *yós\nAncient Greek: ὅς (hós)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "iir-pro", "2": "*Hyás" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyás", "name": "desc" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)", "name": "see desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyás (see there for further descendants)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "itc-pro" }, "expansion": "Proto-Italic:", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Italic:" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "iam" }, "expansion": "Latin: iam", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Latin: iam (< *jā́m)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "xpg", "2": "ιος", "ts": "jos" }, "expansion": "Phrygian: ιος (ios /jos/)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Phrygian: ιος (ios /jos/)" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ine-pro", "2": "*ís>demonstrative", "id": "that" }, "expansion": "", "name": "etymon" } ], "etymology_text": "Thematisation of *(H)ís.", "forms": [ { "form": "yós", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "Hyós", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "ine-decl-pron", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "yós", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "yóh₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative" ] }, { "form": "yóy", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yóm", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "yóh₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "yóms", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yósyo", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "genitive" ] }, { "form": "yóysoHom", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yósmead", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "yóymos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yóybʰos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yósmey", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "yóymos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yóybʰos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yósmi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "locative" ] }, { "form": "yóysu", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yónoh₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "instrumental" ] }, { "form": "yṓys", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yéh₂", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative" ] }, { "form": "yéh₂es", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yā́m", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "yéh₂m̥s", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yósyeh₂s", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "yéh₂soHom", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yósyeh₂s", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "yéh₂mos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yéh₂bʰos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yósyeh₂ey", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "yéh₂mos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yéh₂bʰos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yósyeh₂", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "yéh₂su", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yéh₂h₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "yéh₂eh₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "yéh₂mis", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yéh₂bʰis", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yód", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "yóy", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative" ] }, { "form": "yéh₂", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "yód", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "yóy", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "yéh₂", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ine-pro", "2": "pronoun", "head2": "*Hyós" }, "expansion": "*yós or *Hyós", "name": "head" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "yó" }, "name": "ine-decl-pron" } ], "lang": "Proto-Indo-European", "lang_code": "ine-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/yós", "pos": "pron", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header", "Proto-Indo-European lemmas", "Proto-Indo-European pronouns" ], "glosses": [ "that, who, which (relative)" ], "links": [ [ "that", "that" ], [ "who", "who" ], [ "which", "which" ] ], "tags": [ "reconstruction" ] } ], "word": "yós" }
Download raw JSONL data for yós meaning in Proto-Indo-European (9.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (c3cc510 and 1d3fdbf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.