See tónos in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*tánas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tánas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tánas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "tãnas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: tãnas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: tãnas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*tónos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *tónos",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *tónos (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*tā́nas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tā́nas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tā́nas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*tā́nas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tā́nas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tā́nas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तान",
"tr": "tā́na"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: तान (tā́na)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: तान (tā́na)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*tā́nah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *tā́nah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *tā́nah"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ossetian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Digor: тӕнӕ (tænæ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Iron: тӕн (tæn)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ten-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ten-",
"3": "*-os",
"id2": "thematic",
"t1": "stretch, extend"
},
"expansion": "*ten- (“stretch, extend”) + *-os",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *ten- (“stretch, extend”) + *-os.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "non-ablauting",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tónos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tónoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tónoes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tóne",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tónoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tónoes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tónom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tónoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tónoms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tónosyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tónoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tónead",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tónomos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tónobʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tónoey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tónomos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tónobʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tóney",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tónoy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "tónoysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tónoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "tónōys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "non-ablauting",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "-",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*tónos m (non-ablauting)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tóno"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tónos",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 11 77 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 81 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "97 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "97 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *ten-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "97 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-os (thematic)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"something stretched"
],
"id": "en-tónos-ine-pro-noun-R2Ymng3q",
"links": [
[
"stretch",
"stretch"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"chord, fiber, string"
],
"id": "en-tónos-ine-pro-noun-NtVPjALx",
"links": [
[
"chord",
"chord"
],
[
"fiber",
"fiber"
],
[
"string",
"string"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tónos"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European masculine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *ten-",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-os (thematic)",
"Proto-Indo-European thematic o-stem nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*tánas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tánas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tánas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "tãnas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: tãnas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: tãnas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*tónos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *tónos",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *tónos (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*tā́nas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tā́nas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tā́nas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*tā́nas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tā́nas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tā́nas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तान",
"tr": "tā́na"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: तान (tā́na)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: तान (tā́na)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*tā́nah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *tā́nah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *tā́nah"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ossetian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Digor: тӕнӕ (tænæ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Iron: тӕн (tæn)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ten-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ten-",
"3": "*-os",
"id2": "thematic",
"t1": "stretch, extend"
},
"expansion": "*ten- (“stretch, extend”) + *-os",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *ten- (“stretch, extend”) + *-os.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "non-ablauting",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tónos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tónoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tónoes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tóne",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tónoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tónoes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tónom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tónoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tónoms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tónosyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tónoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tónead",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tónomos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tónobʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tónoey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tónomos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tónobʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tóney",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tónoy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "tónoysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tónoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "tónōys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "non-ablauting",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "-",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*tónos m (non-ablauting)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tóno"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tónos",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"something stretched"
],
"links": [
[
"stretch",
"stretch"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ine-pro:Fibers",
"ine-pro:Textiles"
],
"glosses": [
"chord, fiber, string"
],
"links": [
[
"chord",
"chord"
],
[
"fiber",
"fiber"
],
[
"string",
"string"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tónos"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tónos meaning in Proto-Indo-European (5.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-07-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-07-01 using wiktextract (b80cf99 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.